Iapraxia

I-Apraxia sisifo sengqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo apho umntu engakwaziyo ukwenza imisebenzi okanye intshukumo xa ebuzwa, nangona:

• Isicelo okanye umyalelo uyaqondwa
• Bazimisele ukuwenza lo msebenzi
• Izihlunu ziyafuneka ukwenza umsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo
• Umsebenzi usenokuba sele ufundiwe

I-Apraxia ibangelwa ngumonakalo kwingqondo. Xa iapraxia ikhula emntwini owayekwazi ukwenza imisebenzi okanye izakhono ngaphambili, ibizwa ngokuba yiapraxia efunyenweyo.

Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo bokufunyanwa kweapraxia zezi:

• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Imeko ebangela ukonakala ngokuthe ngcembe kwengqondo kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous (isifo se-neurodegenerative)
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi
• Ukubetha
• Ukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
• IHydrocephalus

I-Apraxia nayo inokubonwa xa kuzalwa. Iimpawu zibonakala njengokuba umntwana ekhula kwaye ekhula. Unobangela awaziwa.

Iapraxia yentetho ihlala ikhona kunye nesinye isifo sokuthetha esibizwa ngokuba yi-aphasia. Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu seapraxia, zinokubakho ezinye iingxaki zobuchopho okanye zeenkqubo zemithambo-luvo.

Umntu oneapraxia akakwazi ukudibanisa iintshukumo ezichanekileyo zemisipha. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusetyenziswa igama okanye isenzo esahluke kwaphela kunaleso umntu ebefuna ukuthetha okanye ukwenza. Umntu uhlala eyazi impazamo.

Iimpawu zeapraxia yentetho zibandakanya:

• Igqwethiwe, iphindaphindwe, okanye ishiye intetho yezandi okanye amagama. Umntu unengxaki yokudibanisa amagama ngokulandelelana kwawo.
• Kusokola ukubiza igama elifanelekileyo
• Ubunzima ngakumbi bokusebenzisa amagama amade, nokuba lixesha lonke, okanye ngamanye amaxesha
• Ukukwazi ukusebenzisa amabinzana amafutshane, emihla ngemihla okanye amazwi (anje "Unjani?") Ngaphandle kwengxaki
• Ubuchule bokubhala obungcono kunokuthetha

Ezinye iintlobo zeapraxia zibandakanya:

• I-Buccofacial okanye i-orofacial apraxia. Ukungakwazi ukwenza intshukumo yobuso kwimfuno, njengokukhotha imilebe, ukukhupha ulwimi, okanye ukubetha umlozi.
• Iapraxia efanelekileyo. Ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efundiweyo, enzima ngendlela efanelekileyo, njengokubeka iikawusi ngaphambi kokufaka izihlangu.
• I-ideomotor apraxia. Ukungakwazi ukwenza ngokuzithandela umsebenzi ofundileyo xa unikwa izinto eziyimfuneko. Umzekelo, ukuba unikwe iscrewdriver, umntu angazama ukubhala ngayo ngokungathi yipeni.
• I-limbic kinetic apraxia. Kunzima ukwenza intshukumo echanekileyo ngengalo okanye ngomlenze. Kuya kuba nzima ukunqakraza ihempe okanye ukubopha isihlangu. Kwi-apraxia, kuba yinto engenakwenzeka ukuba umntu athathe inyathelo elincinci. I-Gait apraxia idla ngokubonakalayo kuxinzelelo lwehydrocephalus.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa ukuba unobangela wokuphazamiseka awaziwa:

• Iskena se-CT okanye se-MRI sobuchopho sinokunceda ukubonisa ithumba, ukubetha, okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo.
• I-electroencephalogram (i-EEG) inokusetyenziselwa ukukhupha isifo sokuwa njengesizathu seapraxia.
• Impompo yomqolo inokwenziwa ukukhangela ukudumba okanye usulelo oluchaphazela ingqondo.

Ulwimi oluqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo lwengqondo kufuneka lwenziwe ukuba kukrokrelwa i-apraxia yentetho. Ukuvavanywa kolunye ukhubazeko lokufunda nako kunokufuneka.

Abantu abane-apraxia banokuxhamla kunyango liqela lokhathalelo lwempilo. Iqela kufuneka libandakanye namalungu osapho.

Abaphandi ngokusebenza kunye nentetho badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni abantu abane-apraxia kunye nabakhathaleli babo bafunde iindlela zokujongana nesi sifo.

Ngexesha lonyango, abagqirha baya kugxila koku kulandelayo:

• Ukuphindaphinda izandi ukufundisa ukunyakaza komlomo
• Ukucothisa intetho yomntu
• Ukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunceda kunxibelelwano

Ukwamkelwa kunye nokunyangwa koxinzelelo kubalulekile kubantu abane-apraxia.

Ukunceda kunxibelelwano, usapho kunye nabahlobo kufuneka:

• Kuphephe ukunika imiyalelo entsonkothileyo.
• Sebenzisa amabinzana alula ukunqanda ukungaqondani.
• Thetha kwilizwi eliqhelekileyo lelizwi. Intetho apraxia ayongxaki yokuva.
• Sukucinga ukuba umntu uyayiqonda.
• Nika izixhobo zonxibelelwano, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuxhomekeke emntwini nakwimeko.

Ezinye iingcebiso zokuphila kwemihla ngemihla zibandakanya:

• Gcina imeko ikhululekile, izolile.
• Thatha ixesha ubonise umntu one-apraxia indlela yokwenza umsebenzi, kwaye unike ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza oko. Sukubacela ukuba bawuphinda-phinde umsebenzi ukuba bayasokola ngokucacileyo kuwo kwaye ngokwenza njalo kuyonyusa uxinzelelo.
• Cebisa ezinye iindlela zokwenza izinto ezifanayo. Umzekelo, thenga izihlangu ngehhuku kunye nokuvalwa kweluphu endaweni yeentambo.

Ukuba ukudakumba okanye unxunguphalo lukhulu, ingcebiso yezempilo yengqondo inokunceda.

Abantu abaninzi abane-apraxia abasakwazi ukuzimela kwaye banokuba nengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Buza umboneleli wezempilo ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi enokukhuseleka okanye engakhuselekanga. Yiphephe imisebenzi enokubangela ukwenzakala kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo.

Ukuba neapraxia kungakhokelela ku:

• Iingxaki zokufunda
• Ukuzijongela phantsi
• Iingxaki zentlalo

Nxibelelana nomboneleli ukuba umntu unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla okanye ezinye iimpawu ze-apraxia emva kokubetha okanye ukonzakala kwengqondo.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-stroke kunye nokulimala kwengqondo kunokunceda ukukhusela iimeko ezikhokelela kwi-apraxia.

Iapraxia yomlomo; Dyspraxia; Ukuphazamiseka kwentetho - apraxia; Apraxia yobuntwana intetho; Iapraxia yentetho; Iapraxia efumanekayo

I-Basilakos A. Iindlela zangoku zolawulo lwe-post-stroke apraxia yentetho. Intetho yeSinin Lang. 2018; 39 (1): 25-36. IINKCUKACHA: 29359303 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29359303/.

IKirshner HS. IDysarthria kunye neapraxia yentetho. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.

IZiko leLizwe leZithulu kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuNxibelelana kwiwebhusayithi. Iapraxia yentetho. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/apraxia-speech. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-31 ka-Okthobha ka-2017. Ifikeleleke ngo-Agasti 21, 2020.