Amayeza okugonya okuqala omntwana wakho

Wonke umxholo ongezantsi uthathwe uwonke kumaZiko oLawulo noThintelo lweZifo (CDC) Ingxelo yolwazi lokugonya lomntwana wakho (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/multi.html. Iphepha lokugqibela ukuhlaziywa: Epreli 1, 2020.

OKUFUNA UKWAZI

Izitofu ezibandakanyiweyo kule ngxelo zinokunikwa ngaxeshanye ebusaneni nasebusaneni. Kukho iingxelo zeeNtsholongwane ezahlukileyo zezinye izitofu ekucetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kubantwana abancinci (imasisi, uqwilikana, irubella, i-varicella, i-rotavirus, umkhuhlane kunye ne-hepatitis A).

Umntwana wakho ufumana ezi zigonyo namhlanje:

[] DTaP

[] Hib

[] IHepatitis B

Ipoliyo

[] I-PCV13

(Umboneleli: Jonga iibhokisi ezifanelekileyo)

1. Kutheni ugonywa?

Amachiza anokuthintela izifo. Uninzi lwezifo ezinokuthintelwa ngokugonya azixhaphakanga kakhulu kunangaphambili, kodwa ezinye zezi zifo zisenzeka eMelika. Xa abantwana abambalwa begonywa, abantwana abaninzi bayagula.

I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, kunye ne-pertussis

I-Diphtheria (D) ingakhokelela kubunzima bokuphefumla, ukusilela kwentliziyo, ukukhubazeka, okanye ukufa.

I-Tetanus (T) ibangela ukuqina okubuhlungu kwezihlunu. Isifo sokuqina kwemithambo singakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu zempilo, kubandakanya nokungakwazi ukuvula umlomo, ukuba nengxaki yokuginya nokuphefumla, okanye ukufa.

I-Pertussis (aP), ekwabizwa ngokuba "kukukhohlela," kunokubangela ukukhohlela okungalawulekiyo, nobundlobongela okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla, ukutya, okanye ukusela. I-Pertussis inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci, ibangele inyumoniya, ukuxhuzula, ukonakala kwengqondo, okanye ukufa. Kulutsha nakubantu abadala, kunokubangela ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuphulukana nolawulo lwesinyi, ukudlula, kunye nokuqhekeka kweembambo ngenxa yokukhwehlela kakhulu.

I-Hib (Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b) isifo

Uhlobo lwe-Haemophilus influenzae b lungabangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo. Ezi zifo zihlala zichaphazela abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. I-bacteria ye-Hib inokubangela ukugula okuncinci, njengokusuleleka kwindlebe okanye i-bronchitis, okanye kunokubangela ukugula okunzima, njengokosuleleka kwegazi. Usulelo olubi lwe-Hib lufuna unyango esibhedlele kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lunokubulala.

IHepatitis B

IHepatitis B sisifo sesibindi. Usulelo olunamandla lwe-hepatitis B sisifo esifutshane esinokukhokelela kumkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukungabi namdla wokutya, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, i-jaundice (ulusu olumthubi okanye amehlo, umchamo omnyama, ukuhamba kwamathumbu anemibala yodongwe), kunye nentlungu kwimisipha, amalungu , kunye nesisu. Isifo esingapheliyo se-hepatitis B sisifo sexesha elide esibi kakhulu kwaye sinokukhokelela kumonakalo wesibindi (i-cirrhosis), umhlaza wesibindi kunye nokufa.

Ipoliyo

Ipoliyo ibangelwa yipoliyo. Uninzi lwabantu abanesifo sepoliyo abanazo iimpawu, kodwa abanye abantu banomqala obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, intloko ebuhlungu, okanye iintlungu esiswini. Iqela elincinci labantu liya kuphuhlisa iimpawu ezinzulu ezichaphazela ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ipoliyo inokubangela ubuthathaka kunye nokukhubazeka (xa umntu engakwazi ukuhambisa amalungu omzimba) anokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni ngokusisigxina kwaye, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukufa.

Isifo sepneumococcal

Isifo se-pneumococcal nasiphi na isifo esibangelwa yibacteria ye-pneumococcal. Ezi bhakteria zinokubangela inyumoniya (usulelo lwemiphunga), usulelo lwendlebe, usulelo lwe-sinus, i-meningitis (usulelo lwethishu egubungele ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo), kunye ne-bacteremia (usulelo lwegazi). Uninzi lwezifo ze-pneumococcal zincinci, kodwa ezinye zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide, ezifana nokulimala kwengqondo okanye ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe. I-Meningitis, i-bacteremia, kunye ne-pneumonia ebangelwa sisifo se-pneumococcal isifo esinokubulala.

2. I-DTaP, i-Hib, i-hepatitis B, ipoliyo kunye ne-pneumococcal conjugate

Iintsana nabantwana ihlala ifuna:

• Iidosi ezi-5 zediphtheria, tetanus, kunye ne-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP)
• Amayeza ama-3 okanye ama-4 e-Hib vaccine
• Amayeza ama-3 okugonya i-hepatitis B
• Amayeza ama-4 okugonya ipoliyo
• Iidosi ezi-4 zepneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)

Abanye abantwana banokufuna okuncinci okanye ngaphezulu kwenani eliqhelekileyo leedosi zezinye izitofu zokukhusela ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yobudala babo kugonyo okanye kwezinye iimeko.

Abantwana abadala, abakwishumi elivisayo kunye nabantu abadala ngeemeko ezithile zempilo okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi kunokucetyiswa ukuba ufumane iidosi ezi-1 okanye nangaphezulu zezinye zezi zitofu zokugonya.

Ezi zitofu zinokunikwa njengezitofu zokuzimela zodwa, okanye njengenxalenye yesitofu sokudibanisa (uhlobo lwesitofu esidibanisa ngaphezulu kwesitofu sokugonya esinye ngokudibeneyo).

3. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo

Xelela umboneleli wakho wokugonya ukuba umntwana ufumana isitofu sokugonya:

Zonke izitofu zokugonya:

• Ngaba une uxabane emva kwethamo langaphambilini lonyango, okanye unayo kakhulu, iingozi komzimba.

Ye-DTaP:

• Ngaba une ukusabela okungafunekiyo emva kwethamo langaphambili laso nasiphi na isitofu sokukhusela isifo se-tetanus, diphtheria, okanye pertussis.
• Ngaba une ikhoma, ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuqonda, okanye ukubanjwa ixesha elide ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7 emva kwethamo langaphambili lalo naliphi na iyeza le-pertussis (DTP okanye iDTaP).
• Unayo ukuxhuzula okanye enye ingxaki yenkqubo yeemvakalelo.
• Ngaba wakha wanayo Isifo seGuillain-Barré (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-GBS).
• Ngaba unayo iintlungu eziqatha okanye ukudumba emva kwedosi yangaphambi kwayo nayiphi na intsholongwane ekhusela isifo sokuqina kwemiphunga okanye isifo sokubola komqala.

YePCV13:

• Ngaba uneukusabela okungafunekiyo emva kwethamo langaphambili le-PCV13, kugonyo lwangaphambili lwe-pneumococcal conjugate eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PCV7, okanye kulo naluphi na ugonyo oluqukethe i-diphtheria toxoid (umzekelo, iDTaP).

Ngamanye amaxesha, umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokuthatha isigqibo sokuhlehlisa ugonyo kutyelelo oluzayo.

Abantwana abanezigulo ezingephi, ezinje ngengqele, banokugonywa. Abantwana abagula ngokuphakathi okanye abagula kakhulu kufuneka balinde bade bachache ngaphambi kokuba bagonywe.

Umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho unokukunika ulwazi oluthe kratya.

4. Umngcipheko wempendulo yesitofu sokugonya

Ukugonywa kwe-DTaP:

• Ukudakumba okanye ukudumba apho kunikezelwe khona, ifiva, ukukhathazeka, ukuziva udiniwe, ukuphelelwa ngumdla, kunye nokugabha ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka emva kogonyo lwe-DTaP.
• Ukuphendula okunzulu ngakumbi, njengokuhlutha, ukungayeki ukukhala iiyure ezi-3 okanye nangaphezulu, okanye umkhuhlane omkhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-105 ° F okanye u-40.5 ° C) emva kogonyo lwe-DTaP olwenzeka rhoqo. Rhoqo, isitofu sokugonya silandelwa kukudumba kwengalo iphela okanye umlenze, ngakumbi kubantwana abadala xa befumana idosi yesine okanye yesihlanu.
• Kunqabile kakhulu, ukuxhuzula kwexesha elide, ikhoma, ukwehlisa ukuqonda, okanye ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo kunokwenzeka emva kogonyo lwe-DTaP.

Ukugonywa kweHib:

• Ubomvu, ukufudumala, kunye nokudumba apho kunikezelwe khona, kwaye umkhuhlane unokwenzeka emva kokugonya kwe-Hib.

Ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B:

• Ukudakumba apho kunikezelwa khona okanye ifiva inokwenzeka emva kogonyo lwe-hepatitis B.

Isitofu sokugonya ipoliyo:

• Indawo ebuhlungu ngokubomvu, ukuvuvukala, okanye iintlungu apho kunikezelwa khona ukudubula kunokwenzeka emva kokugonya ipoliyo.

YePCV13:

• Ububomvu, ukudumba, iintlungu, okanye ukuthamba apho kunikezelwa khona, kunye nomkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa ngumdla, ukukhathazeka, ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokugodola kunokwenzeka emva kwePCV13.
• Abantwana abancinci banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokubanjwa okubangelwa ngumkhuhlane emva kwe-PCV13 ukuba ilawulwa ngaxeshanye njengesitofu somkhuhlane esingasebenziyo. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Njengalo naliphi na iyeza, kukho ithuba elikude kakhulu lokugonya elibangela ukusabela okungafunekiyo, okunye ukwenzakala okunzima, okanye ukufa.

5. Kuthekani ukuba kukho ingxaki enzulu?

Ukungadibani nezinto emzimbeni kunokwenzeka emva kokuba umntu ogonyiweyo eshiye ikliniki. Ukuba ubona iimpawu zokungabikho komzimba (urticaria, ukudumba kobuso kunye nomqala, ukuphefumla nzima, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, isiyezi, okanye ubuthathaka), tsalela umnxeba u-9-1-1 kwaye umse kwisibhedlele esikufutshane.

Ngezinye iimpawu ezikukhathazayo, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo.

Iziphumo ezingalunganga kufuneka zixelwe kwiNkqubo yokuNika ingxelo ngezeNtsholongwane (VAERS). Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uhlala efaka le ngxelo, okanye ungayenza ngokwakho. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-VAERS ku vaers.hhs.gov okanye utsalele umnxeba 1-800-822-7967. I-VAERS yeyokuphendula kuphela, kwaye abasebenzi be-VAERS abaniki ngcebiso ngonyango.

6. INkqubo yeSizwe yokuKhathalelwa kweMbuyekezo ngoKhuseleko

INkqubo kaZwelonke yokuXhasa uNyango yokuThintela ukuVavanya (i-VICP) yinkqubo yomdibaniso eyenzelwe ukuhlawulela abantu abanokwenzakala zizitofu ezithile. Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi ye-VICP apha www.hrsa.gov/vaccine-compensation/index.html okanye utsalele umnxeba 1-800-338-2382 ukufunda ngenkqubo kunye nokugcwalisa ibango. Kukho umda wexesha lokufaka ibango kwimbuyekezo.

7. Ndingafunda Njani Ngakumbi?

• Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo.
• Nxibelelana nesebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni okanye likarhulumente.

Qhagamshelana namaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noKhuseleko (CDC):

• Tsalela umnxeba 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO)
• Ndwendwela iwebhusayithi yeCDC ku-www.cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi.Iingxelo zolwazi lokugonya (ii-VIS): Amachiza okuqala okugonya omntwana wakho. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/multi.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Epreli 1, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Epreli 2, 2020.