Isifo seMyelodysplastic

Isifo seMyelodysplastic liqela lokuphazamiseka xa iiseli zegazi eziveliswe kumongo wethambo zingakhuli zibe ziiseli ezisempilweni. Oku kukushiya uneeseli zegazi ezisempilweni ezimbalwa emzimbeni wakho. Iiseli zegazi esele zikhulile zisenokungasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) luhlobo lomhlaza. Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu, i-MDS inokukhula ibe yi-leukemia ye-myeloid.

Iiseli zesinti kumongo wethambo zenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zegazi. Nge-MDS, i-DNA ekwiiseli zeziqu iyonakala. Ngenxa yokuba i-DNA yonakele, iiseli zeziqu azikwazi ukuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni.

Oyena nobangela we-MDS awaziwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho sizathu saziwayo.

Imiba yomngcipheko kwi-MDS ibandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwemfuza
• Ukuboniswa kwimichiza yokusingqongileyo okanye yemizi-mveliso, izichumisi, izitshabalalisi, izinyibilikisi, okanye isinyithi esinzima
• Ukutshaya

Unyango lwangaphambi komhlaza lwonyusa umngcipheko we-MDS. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-MDS yesibini okanye enxulumene nonyango.

• Amachiza athile e-chemotherapy anyusa amathuba okuphuhlisa i-MDS. Lo ngumngcipheko omkhulu.
• Unyango ngemitha, xa lusetyenziswa kunye nekhemotherapy, lwonyusa umngcipheko we-MDS nangakumbi.
• Abantu abane-stem cell transplants banokuphuhlisa i-MDS kuba befumana iidosi eziphezulu zekhemotherapy.

I-MDS ihlala ivela kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu. Kuqheleke kakhulu emadodeni.

Isigaba sokuqala se-MDS kaninzi asinazo iimpawu. I-MDS ihlala ifunyanwa ngexesha lolunye uvavanyo lwegazi.

Abantu abanezibalo eziphantsi kakhulu zegazi bahlala befumana iimpawu. Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli yegazi echaphazelekayo, kwaye zibandakanya:

• Ukuba buthathaka okanye ukudinwa ngenxa yeanemia
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukutyunyuzwa ngokulula nokopha
• Amachaphaza amancinci abomvu okanye omfusa aphantsi kolusu abangelwa kukopha
• Ukusuleleka rhoqo kunye nomkhuhlane

Abantu abane-MDS banqongophala iiseli zegazi. I-MDS inokunciphisa inani lenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi
• IiPlatelets

Iimilo zezi seli zinokutshintshwa kwakhona. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kwenza inani elipheleleyo legazi kunye ne-smear yegazi ukufumana ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweeseli zegazi ezichaphazelekayo.

Olunye uvavanyo olunokuthi lwenziwe zezi:

• Umnqweno wethambo lomnqweno kunye ne-biopsy.
• I-cytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, kunye novavanyo lwe-immunophenotyping zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga kunye nokuhlela iintlobo ezithile ze-MDS.
• I-cytogenetics kunye ne-fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) isetyenziselwa uhlalutyo lwemfuzo. Uvavanyo lweCytogenetic lunokubona ukuhanjiswa kunye nokunye okungaqhelekanga kwemfuza. I-FISH isetyenziselwa ukuchonga utshintsho oluthile ngaphakathi kwii-chromosomes. Umahluko wemfuza unokunceda ekuphenduleni kunyango.

Olunye lolu vavanyo luya kunceda umboneleli wakho abone ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-MDS onayo. Oku kuya kunceda umboneleli wakho acwangcise unyango lwakho.

Umboneleli wakho unokuchaza i-MDS yakho njengomngcipheko omkhulu, umngcipheko ophakathi, okanye umngcipheko ophantsi ngokwesiseko:

• Ubunzima bokunqongophala kweeseli zegazi emzimbeni wakho
• Iindidi zotshintsho kwiDNA yakho
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe ezingakhulanga kumongo wethambo lakho

Kuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba i-MDS ikhule ibe yi-AML, ukulandela rhoqo umboneleli wakho kunokufuneka.

Unyango lwakho luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi:

• Nokuba usemngciphekweni okanye usemngciphekweni omkhulu
• Uhlobo lwe-MDS onayo
• Ubudala bakho, impilo kunye nezinye iimeko onokuba nazo, ezinjengesifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo

Injongo yonyango lwe-MDS kukuthintela iingxaki ngenxa yokunqongophala kweeseli zegazi, usulelo kunye nokopha. Inokubandakanya:

• Utofelo-gazi
• Iziyobisi ezikhuthaza ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi
• Iziyobisi ezicinezela amajoni omzimba
• I-chemotherapy yedosi ephantsi ukuphucula ukubalwa kweeseli zegazi
• Ukutshintshwa kweseli

Umboneleli wakho unokuzama unyango olunye okanye nangaphezulu ukuze abone ukuba iphendula ntoni i-MDS yakho.

Imbonakalo iya kuxhomekeka kudidi lwakho lwe-MDS kunye nobukhali beempawu. Impilo yakho iyonke inokuchaphazela amathuba okuba uphinde uchache. Abantu abaninzi bane-MDS ezinzileyo engaqhubekiyo ibe ngumhlaza iminyaka, ukuba ikho.

Abanye abantu abane-MDS banokuphuhlisa i-myeloid leukemia (AML).

Iingxaki ze-MDS zibandakanya:

• Ukopha
• Usulelo olunjenge-pneumonia, usulelo lwesisu, usulelo lomchamo
• Leukemia olunamandla

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba:

• Ndiziva ndibuthathaka kwaye ndidiniwe amaxesha amaninzi
• Ukuqunjelwa okanye ukopha ngokulula, ukopha kwiintsini okanye ukopha rhoqo
• Uyaqaphela amabala abomvu okanye ansomi wokopha phantsi kolusu

Ububi beMyeloid; Isifo seMyelodysplastic; I-MDS; Preleukemia; Ukutshisa i-leukemia; Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi; I-cytopenia enqabileyo

• Umnqweno wethambo

IHasserjian RP, iNtloko ye-DR. Iimpawu zeMyelodysplastic syndromes. Ku: Jaffe ES, Arber DA, Campo E, Harris NL, Quintanilla-Martinez L, ii-eds. IHematopathology. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 45.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lwe-Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/mds-mpd-kunyanga-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 1, 2019. Kufikeleleke ngoDisemba 17, 2019.

I-Steensma DP, iLitye RM. Iimpawu zeMyelodysplastic syndromes. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 172.