Intsholongwane ye-Corona

IiCoronaviruses lusapho lweentsholongwane. Usulelo kwezi ntsholongwane kunokubangela izifo zokuphefumla eziphakathi nendawo, ezinje ngengqele eqhelekileyo. Ezinye ii-coronaviruses zibangela ukugula kakhulu okunokubangela inyumoniya, kwanokufa.

Zininzi ii-coronavirus ezahlukeneyo. Zichaphazela abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Ii-coronaviruses eziqhelekileyo zabantu zibangela ukugula kancinci ukuya kokuphakathi, njengokubanda okuqhelekileyo.

Ezinye izilwanyana ze-coronaviruses ziyaguquka (ziguquka) kwaye zidluliselwa kwizilwanyana ziye ebantwini. Banokuthi emva koko basasazeke ngonxibelelwano lomntu nolomntu. Ii-coronaviruses ezisasazeka kwizilwanyana ziye ebantwini ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela ukugula okuqatha:

• Isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) luhlobo olubi lwepneumonia. Kubangelwa yi-SARS-CoV coronavirus. Akukho matyala abantu axeliweyo ukusukela ngo-2004.
• I-Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (i-MERS) sisifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumla. I-MERS ibangelwa yi-MERS-CoV coronavirus. Malunga ne-30% yabantu abafumene esi sifo bafa. Abanye abantu baneempawu ezinobulali. I-MERS iyaqhubeka ibangela ukugula ebantwini, ngakumbi kwiPeninsula yaseArabia.
• I-COVID-19 - Ulwazi malunga ne-COVID-19 luyafumaneka kumaZiko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo.
• I-COVID-19 sisifo sokuphefumla esibangela umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Kubangelwa yintsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 (isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha kakhulu). I-COVID-19 inokubangela ukugula okungathathi ntweni nokufa. I-COVID-19 sisongelo esibi sezempilo kuluntu jikelele nase-United States.

Uninzi lwee-coronaviruses luphuma kumalulwane, anokuchaphazela ezinye izilwanyana. I-SARS-CoV isasazeka ukusuka kwiikati zeekati, ngelixa i-MERS-CoV isasazeka kwiinkamela. I-SARS-CoV-2 yamvanje ikrokrelwa ukuba ivela kwizilwanyana. Ivela kusapho olunye lweentsholongwane njenge-SARS-CoV, yiyo loo nto zinamagama afanayo. Zininzi ezinye ii-coronaviruses ezijikeleza izilwanyana, kodwa azange zisasazeke ebantwini.

Nje ukuba umntu wosulelwe yi-coronavirus, usulelo lunokusasazeka emntwini osempilweni (ukudluliselwa komntu nomntu). Unokubamba usulelo lwe-coronavirus xa:

• Umntu osulelekileyo uthimla, akhohlele, okanye avuthele impumlo kufutshane nawe kwaye akhuphe intsholongwane emoyeni (usuleleko lwethontsi)
• Uthinta impumlo, amehlo, okanye umlomo emva kokuba uchukumise into engcoliswe yintsholongwane, enje ngento yokudlala okanye umtya womnyango
• Uyamchukumisa, umwonge, umxhawule okanye umange umntu osulelekileyo
• Uyatya okanye usele kwizixhobo ezifanayo zomntu osulelekileyo azisebenzisayo

Ii-coronaviruses zomntu ezibangela ukubanda okuqhelekileyo ukusuka emntwini kuye emntwini. Iimpawu zikhula kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-14. Oku kubandakanya:

• Impumlo enemifinya
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Ukuthimla
• Ukuxinana kwempumlo
• Umkhuhlane obandayo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• Khohlela

Ukubonakaliswa kwi-MERS-CoV, i-SARS-CoV, kunye ne-SARS-CoV-2 kunokubangela iimpawu ezinzima. Oku kubandakanya:

• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Urhudo
• Igazi ngokukhohlela
• Ukufa

Ukosuleleka kakhulu kwe-coronavirus kunokubangela:

• Croup
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• IBronchiolitis
• IBronchitis

Iimpawu zinokuba nzima kubantu abathile:

• Abantwana
• Abantu abadala abadala
• Abantu abaneemeko ezinganyangekiyo ezifana neswekile, umhlaza, isifo sezintso ezingapheliyo, izifo zentliziyo
• Abantu abanezifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuthatha isampulu yoku kulandelayo kuvavanyo lwelebhu:

• Inkcubeko yesikhohlela
• I-nasal swab (evela emathatheni)
• Umqala swab
• Uvavanyo lwegazi

Iisampulu zesitulo kunye nomchamo nazo zinokuthathwa kwezinye iimeko.

Unokufuna olunye uvavanyo ukuba usulelo lwakho lubangelwa luhlobo olubi lwe-coronavirus. Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwekhemesti yegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba okanye isifuba se-CT scan
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Uvavanyo lwe-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lwe-coronavirus

Uvavanyo lokuchonga alunakufumaneka kuzo zonke iintlobo zecoronavirus.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho lunyango oluthile losulelo lwe-coronavirus. Amayeza anikwa kuphela ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho. Unyango lwezilingo ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima.

Usulelo olusulungekileyo lwe-coronavirus, njengokubanda okuqhelekileyo, luya kuhamba ngeentsuku ezimbalwa ngokuphumla kunye nokuzikhathalela ekhaya.

Ukuba ukrokrelwa ukuba unesifo esosulelayo se-coronavirus, unga:

• Kufuneka unxibe imaski yotyando
• Hlala kwigumbi elizimeleyo okanye e-ICU ukuze ufumane unyango

Unyango lwezifo ezinzima lunokubandakanya:

• Iintsholongwane, ukuba unayo inyumoniya yebhakteriya
• Amayeza antiviral
• IiSteroids
• Ioksijini, ukuphefumla inkxaso (umoya ongenisa umoya), okanye unyango lwesifuba

Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ngenxa yecoronavirus uhlala uzisombululela ngokwabo. Usulelo olunzima lwe-coronavirus lunokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nenkxaso yokuphefumla. Rhoqo, usulelo oluthile olunzima lwe-coronavirus lunokukhokelela ekufeni, ngakumbi kubantu abadala, ebantwaneni, okanye kubantu abaneemeko ezingapheliyo.

Usulelo lweCoronavirus lunokukhokelela kwi-bronchitis okanye inyumoniya. Ezinye zeendlela ezinzima zinokubangela ukusilela komzimba, kunye nokufa.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho ukuba unayo:

• Dibana nomntu onesifo esibuhlungu se-coronavirus
• Ukuhamba ukuya kwindawo enesifo se-coronavirus kwaye kuye kwavela iimpawu ezibandayo, ukuphefumla kancinci, isicaphucaphu, okanye urhudo

Landela la manyathelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo:

• Gwema ukudibana nabantu abane-coronavirus infection.
• Kunqande ukuya kwiindawo ezinesifo secoronavirus.
• Hlamba izandla zakho ngokufanelekileyo okanye uzicoce ngesixhobo sokucoca utywala esisekwe etywaleni.
• Vala umlomo kunye nempumlo ngethishu okanye umkhono (hayi izandla zakho) xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela, ulahle ezo zihlunu kude.
• Ungabelani ngokutya, notywala, okanye ngezinto.
• Coca indawo ekuchukunyiswe ukuba iyachukunyiswa nesibulala zintsholongwane.

Zikhona izitofu zokugonya ezinokunceda ukuthintela i-COVID-19. Nxibelelana nesebe lezempilo elikufutshane nawe ukuze ufumanise malunga nokufumaneka kwendawo yakho. Ulwazi malunga namachiza e-COVID-19 luyafumaneka kumaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lweZifo www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html.

Ukuba uhamba, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwezinto zokugonya
• Ukuphatha amayeza

ICoronavirus - SARS; ICoronavirus - 2019-nCoV; Intsholongwane ye-corona (COVID-19; Coronavirus - isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha; Coronavirus - isifo sokuphefumla eMiddle East; ICoronavirus - MERS

• Intsholongwane ye-Corona
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Iimpawu ezibandayo
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla
• Indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla
• Indlela yokuphefumla esezantsi

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Intsholongwane ye-corona (COVID-19). www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 16, 2020.

UGerber SI, uWatson JT. Iintsholongwane ze-Corona. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 342.

I-Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, kubandakanya isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (SARS) kunye nesifo sokuphefumla eMiddle East (MERS). Ku: Benett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 155.

Umbutho wezeMpilo kwiHlabathi liphela. Intsholongwane ye-Corona. www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 16, 2020.