Iindlela ezi-5 zolawulo lokuzalwa zinokungaphumeleli

Umxholo

• Iingxaki zepilisi
• Iingxaki zekhondom
• Ingxaki yeTubal Ligation
• Ukucoca inzala
• Imiba ye-IUD
• Uphengululo lwe

Mhlawumbi ubuselepilisi okoko uneminyaka eli-16. Okanye mhlawumbi ungomnye osoloko egcina ikhondom kwisipaji sakho-nje ukuba kunokwenzeka. Nokuba yeyiphi na into oyikhethayo, uqinisekile ukuba ukuyisebenzisa kuthetha ukuba awuzukudlala iqhuma lomntwana kungekudala. Kwaye, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuphefumla ngokulula: Ulawulo lokuzalwa lwangoku lusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Kodwa akukho nto isebenza i-100 yepesenti yexesha, kwaye i-slipups iyenzeka rhoqo kunokuba unokucinga. Ngokutsho kweGuttmacher Institute, iipesenti ezingama-49 zabo bonke abakhulelweyo eUnited States bengenzi ngabom-kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu ozibona engalindelwanga ngokungalindelekanga wayethambisa ngeklasi eyabelana ngesondo. Enyanisweni, isiqingatha sabo bonke abafazi abakhulelwa ngempazamo babesebenzisa uhlobo oluthile loqingqo-nzala.

Ke kwenzeka ntoni? Uninzi luye ezimpazamo zomsebenzisi, njengokungahoyi ukuthatha uthintelo lomlomo yonke imihla. "Ubomi buxakekile kwaye bunzima kubantu abaninzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ucinge ngento enye kakhulu," utshilo uKatharine O'Connell White, M.D., intloko yecandelo lokubelekisa kunye ne-gynecology kwiZiko lezoNyango laseBaystate e-Springfield, MA.

Ewe kunjalo, ukukhathalela ukongeza obekungalindelekanga kusapho lwakho akukho lula. Nantsi into engahambanga kakuhle ngabafundi abahlanu, kunye neendlela zokuyilungisa.

Iingxaki zepilisi

Sarah Kehoe

UJennifer Mathewson wayelipolisa kuMkhosi woMoya xa wayefumana usulelo lomchamo. Ugqirha wakhe wamfaka kwi-antibiotiki kodwa khange ayikhankanye inokuphazamisa ucwangciso lomlomo awayeluthatha. Ngenye imini, xa wayemile ejonge ukuphulaphula usayitsheni enika imiyalelo yosuku, waquleka. Nangona ukukhanya entloko kuyinto eqhelekileyo yokukhulelwa, wayengenalo nofifi lokuba wayelindele de afike esibhedlele kwaye avavanywe igazi. "Ndandingatshatanga kwaye ndineminyaka eli-19 kuphela, ke ndandisoyika," utsho uMathewson, ngoku oneminyaka engama-32 kwaye esebenza njengentatheli e-Idaho. "Kodwa bendifuna ukuba nomntwana, kwaye ndinombulelo kuba ndimfumene."

Zithini iingxaki?

Xa isetyenziswe ngokugqibeleleyo, ipilisi edibeneyo (eneestrogen neprogesterone) ne<em>progestin-only minipill zisebenza ngama-99,7 ekhulwini. Kodwa elo nani lehla laya kutsho kuma-91 eepesenti ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba "sisetyenziswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo" -iindlela ezithandwa ngabantu basetyhini. "Ngamanye amaxesha, inqanaba lokungaphumeleli linokuphakama njengeepesenti ezingama-20 kuba bayalibala ukulithatha rhoqo okanye baphelelwe ziipilisi kwaye abafumani gcwaliso kwangoko," utshilo u-Andrew M. Kaunitz, MD, usihlalo I-obstetrics kunye ne-gynecology kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida College of Medicine-Jacksonville.

Zikhusele

1. Ixesha elifanelekileyo. Ukungena kwipilisi ngaxeshanye yonke imihla kububulumko, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba uthatha iprogesin kuphela inguqulelo encinci (iihomoni ezikulo zisebenza kuphela iiyure ezingama-24). Ukuba utyekele ekulibaleni, cwangcisa ifowuni yakho ukuba ikubethele, zama i-app efana ne-Drugs.com Pill Reminder ($1; itunes.com), okanye ube nomkhwa wokuyithatha ngesidlo sakusasa. Usazama ukuhlala kwishedyuli? Cinga ngokutshintshela kwisiqwengana esisebenza ngokulinganayo okanye iringi, ekufuneka uyitshintshe kuphela ngeveki okanye ngenyanga.

2.Nakekela iingqondo zakho. Nanini na xa ugcwalisa amayeza amayeza amatsha, funda la malungiselelo okanye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba angabeka esichengeni ukusebenza kwepilisi. Ngenxa yokuba izinto zokucwangcisa zomlomo zixutywe nesibindi, amanye amayeza aqhutywa ngale ndlela-kubandakanya ezinye i-antibiotics, i-anti-fungal, kunye ne-anti-seizure drug-zinokuphazamisa, ucacisa uSara Prager, MD, unjingalwazi onxulumene nokubelekisa kunye ne-gynecology kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington School of Medicine. Xa uthandabuza, sebenzisa iikhondom. Ukhuseleko olongezelelekileyo luyacwangciswa ukuba unesifo segciwane esiswini kwaye ugabhe ngaphakathi kweeyure ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokuthatha ipilisi yakho (yikholelwe okanye hayi, ithathwa njengedosi ephosiweyo).

Iingxaki zekhondom

Sarah Kehoe

Ngehlobo ephelileyo, uLia Lam wayelala nesoka elitsha xa wayeziva ukuba ikhondom abayisebenzisayo yaphukile. ULam oneminyaka engama-31 ubudala, ongumdlali weqonga waseVancouver, eKhanada uthi: “Kodwa ndandicinga ukuba ndiyaphoxeka yaye andithethi nto. Emva kokuba begqibile, wakhupha kwaye ingcamango yakhe yaqinisekiswa: Isiqingatha esisezantsi sekhondom sasingaphakathi kuye. Ekucingeni, uLam ucinga ukuba isiganeko senzeke ngenxa yokuba wayesomile kakhulu ngexesha lesenzo. “Asizange sothuke, kodwa sasithandana inyanga enesiqingatha kuphela yaye sasingekakulungeli ukuba ngabazali,” utsho. Ke baya evenkile yamayeza ukuyothenga izinto zokuthintela ukukhulelwa okungxamisekileyo (ipilisi "yasemva kwentsasa"), ethintela ukukhulelwa ngokubeka kade i-ovulation okanye ukumisa iqanda elichumileyo ekufakweni kwesibeleko.

Zithini iingxaki?

Xa zisetyenziswa kanye ngendlela ebekucetyiwe, iikhondom zamadoda (ezona ziqhelekileyo) zingama-98 eepesenti ezisebenzayo; ngokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, elo nani lehla ukuya kuma-82 ekhulwini. (Ezinye iindidi, ezinje ngezo zenziwe ngeemvana kunye nopolyurethane, zisenokungasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa zilukhetho olufanelekileyo ukuba wena okanye umntu wakho unengxaki ye-latex. emva kwexesha kakhulu, okanye bayaphula ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.

Zikhusele

1. Bukela ubuchule bakhe. Umfo wakho kufuneka abeke ikhondom ngaphambi kokuba amalungu akhe obuni afike naphina kufutshane nakwindawo yakho yelungu lobufazi. Kufuneka ayicinezele ikhondom, ayiqengqe kancinane ukuze wonke umoya uphume kwaye kubekho isithuba sokuqokelela amadlozi, kwaye ayisuse kanye emva kokuyikhupha (ngelixa isaqinile). Ukuyibamba emazantsi elungu lobudoda njengoko irhoxiwe kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukuchitheka.

2. Lube phezulu. Njengoko uLam wafundayo, ukungqubana okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukuba ikhondom ikrazuke. Khetha i-lubricant esekwe emanzini- okanye kwisilicone. Hayi-hayi ecacileyo: ukusebenzisa ioyile- okanye iimveliso ezisekwe kwi-petroleum, ezinokubeka esichengeni isidima selatex.

3. Jonga imihla yokuphelelwa kwayo. Iikhondom zinobomi beshelfu, obungafanele ukuhoywa. Kwaye ukuba irabha ibonakala yomile okanye iqine xa ikhutshwa kwiphakheji, yiphose.

4. Yiba nesicwangciso sokulondoloza. Ukuba ikhondom iyasilela, landela ukukhokela kukaLam kunye nokuthenga izinto zokuthintela ukukhulelwa okungxamisekileyo. Zintathu iimveliso: i-ella, i-Next Choice One Dose, kunye ne-Plan B. Nabani na oneminyaka eli-15 nangaphezulu angazithenga ngaphandle kommiselo, nangona kuya kufuneka ubuze usokhemesti kuba zigcinwa emva kwekhawuntari. Uneentsuku ezintlanu zokuthatha i-ella; ezinye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-72.

Ingxaki yeTubal Ligation

USarah Kehoe

Emva kokuba uCrystal Consylman ebeleke umntwana wakhe wesithathu eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, wagqiba ekubeni enze i-tubal ligation (eyaziwa ngokuba yityhubhu yakhe ebotshelelwe), inkqubo yotyando apho imibhobho yesibeleko isikwa okanye ivalwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhulelwa ngokusisigxina. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, ngo-2006, wothuka akuva ukuba ukhulelwe. Kwakungokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, okuthetha ukuba umbungu ubufakwe ngaphandle kwesibeleko kwaye awunakuphumelela. "Ndopha kakhulu ngaphakathi ndaphantse ndafa," ukhumbula uConsylman, ngoku oneminyaka engama-35, osebenza kwinkampani yamagqwetha eLancaster, PA. Xa wayebalekiswa ukuba enze utyando olungxamisekileyo, wayecinga ukuba ugqirha ulungisa i-tubal ligation-kodwa kwakungekho njalo. Emva kokukhulelwa kwesibini kwe-ectopic kwiinyanga ezili-18 kamva, iityhubhu zakhe zomzimba zazisuswe ngokupheleleyo.

Ngawaphi Amathuba?

Ukuvala inzala kwabasetyhini kusebenza ngama-99.5 epesenti, kodwa iziphelo zetyhubhu ngamanye amaxesha zifumana indlela yazo yokubuyela kunye. Kwimeko enqabileyo ukhulelwa emva koko, kukho amathuba angama-33 ekhulwini okuba yi-ectopic ngenxa yokuba iqanda elichumileyo linokubanjwa kwindawo eyonakeleyo.

Zikhusele

1. Khetha ugqirha wakho wotyando ngononophelo. Khangela i-gynecologist eqinisekisiweyo yebhodi eyenze inkqubo ubuncinci amatyeli aliqela.

2. Landela iinkqubo zepost-op. Ukuba neetyhubhu zakho ziboshwe kufuneka zikunike inzala ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuba ungene kulandelelwano kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva ukuze ubone ukuba uphilisa ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye ukuba ukhetha enye indlela ye-tubal ligation-efana ne-Essure, inketho entsha apho iikhoyili ezincinci zifakwe kwityhubhu ye-fallopian ukuze ivalwe-uyakufuna i-X-reyi ekhethekileyo kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva ukuqinisekisa ukuba imibhobho ivalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngeli xesha, uya kufuna ukusebenzisa isithintelo sokukhulelwa.

Ukucoca inzala

USarah Kehoe

Emva kokuba nabantwana ababini, uLisa Cooper kunye nomyeni wakhe bagqiba ekubeni usapho lwabo luphelele, ngoko ke wenza i-vasectomy. Kodwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, usomashishini oshishino wase-Shreveport, wase-LA waqala ukutyeba ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo kunye nokubona ngaphandle kwexesha elipheleleyo. Ngenxa yokuba wayeneminyaka engama-37, wayinyanzela ukuya kuthi ga esiphelweni. "Ngexesha ndithatha uvavanyo lokukhulelwa ndaya kwagqirha, ndandisele ndineeveki ezili-19 ndihamba," utshilo uCooper, ngoku uneminyaka engama-44. Kuyabonakala ukuba umyeni wakhe waluphosa uvavanyo olulandelayo, ekuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba utyando lube yimpumelelo. Emva kokwamkela abantwana babo besithathu nabesine, umyeni ka-Cooper waya kwivasectomy yesibini- kwaye ngeli xesha wabona ugqirha emva koko njengoko kucetyisiwe.

Zithini iingxaki?

I-vasectomy isebenza ngama-99.9 ekhulwini, nto leyo eyenza ibe yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokulawula ukuzala. Kodwa nalapha, impazamo yomntu inokwenzeka. Ngexesha lenkqubo, i-vas deferens, ityhubhu ehambisa isidoda kwi-ejaculatory duct, iyanqunyulwa okanye iboshwe, ucacisa uPhilip Darney, MD, unjingalwazi wezokubelekisa, i-gynecology, kunye nenzululwazi yokuzala kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco. Kodwa ukuba i-snip yenziwe kwindawo engafanelekanga, ayiyi kusebenza. Enye impazamo enokwenzeka: "Iziphelo ezicandiweyo zinokukhula kunye ukuba azisasazwanga ngokuqelelene ngokwaneleyo."

Zikhusele

1. Khetha ugqirha oqinileyo. Njenge-tubal ligation, khetha umboneleli oqinisekisiweyo webhodi kwaye uneninzi yezi nkqubo phantsi kwebhanti yakhe. Ugqirha wakho wokunyamekela mhlawumbi unokunikela ngeengcebiso ezininzi. Kwaye kuhlala kububulumko ukukhangela kugqirha; Ibhodi yelayisensi yelizwe lakho inokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nazo naziphi na iisuti zokuziphatha gwenxa.

2. Lindela uphawu olucace gca. Ibali likaCooper libonisa ukubaluleka kokuba iqabane lakho lifumane uhlalutyo lobudoda malunga neenyanga ezintathu emva kwenkqubo; kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba akananyumba. Kude kube lelo xesha, sebenzisa enye indlela yokuthintela ukukhulelwa.

Imiba ye-IUD

Imifanekiso kaGetty

Ngo-2005, uKristen Brown wanquma ukufumana i-IUD (i-intrauterine device) kuba wayevile ukuba yayingenangqondo. Yena nomyeni wakhe babesele benabantwana abathathu yaye babengekakulungeli ukwenza okungakumbi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uBrown waqalisa ukuva iintlungu eziqatha ze-pelvic nokopha kakhulu. Exhalabile usenokuba ne-fibroids okanye i-endometriosis, waya kumbona u-ob-gyn, owamxelela ukuba ukhulelwe. Ngenxa yokopha, walaliswa ebhedini, kodwa emva kwenyanga waphunyelwa sisisu. "Amava ayebuhlungu ngokwasemphefumlweni nasemzimbeni, kwaye ndaye ndaphelelwa ligazi elininzi kakhulu kangangokuba ndaphantse ndafuna ukutofelwa igazi," ukhumbula uBrown, ngoku ona-42 nombhali eJacksonville, FL. Oogqirha abakaze baqonde ukuba yintoni engahambanga kakuhle nge-IUD, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba isukile kwindawo yayo. UBrown uthi, “Olu vavanyo lwayiphelisa inkohliso yam yokhuseleko nokusebenza kocwangciso-nzala.

Zithini iingxaki?

Isixhobo esine-"I" esine-IUD, esifakwe esibelekweni ukuthintela isidoda ekuchumiseni iqanda, sisebenza ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-99 ngokusetyenziswa okugqibeleleyo kunye nokuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunqabile kakhulu, esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokusilela kwe-IUD kungenxa yokuba bayangena kumlomo wesibeleko. I-IUD inokukhutshwa nakwisibeleko, mhlawumbi ungaqondanga. (Umzekelo, ungayigungxula phantsi kwindlu yangasese.) Ukuba neepolyps, i-fibroids, okanye izishunqulelo zesibeleko esomeleleyo (ezibangela ukuba umntu abe sexesheni) kunokwandisa umngcipheko wokuphuma kwayo.

Zikhusele

1. Jonga imeko. Abavelisi bacebisa ukuba kanye ngenyanga uqiniseke ukuba umtya weplastikhi oyi-1- ukuya kwe-2-intshi eqhotyoshelwe kwisixhobo ulenga ezantsi kumlomo wesibeleko kwilungu lobufazi njengoko kufanelekile. Ukuba ilahlekile okanye ibonakala inde kunesiqhelo, bona ugqirha wakho (kwaye usebenzise ulawulo lokuzalwa ngexesha elililo). Kodwa ungaze utsale umsonto. "Abasetyhini bazisusile ngempazamo ii-IUDs zabo ngale ndlela," ulumkisa uPrager.

2. Qala womelele. Ukuba ukhetha iParaGard (i-IUD yobhedu), kufuneka isebenze ngokukhawuleza xa uyifumana. I-Skyla kunye ne-Mirena, equlethe isixa esincinci seprogestin, nazo zisebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuba zifakwe phakathi kweentsuku ezisixhenxe emva kokuqala kwexesha lakho; Ngaphandle koko, sebenzisa indlela yogcino lweveki enye. I-Skyla ilungile ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emithathu, iMirena ihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwemihlanu, kwaye iParaGard inokuhlala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10. "

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