Ritonavir

Umxholo

• Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-ritonavir,
• I-Ritonavir inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko okanye ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo:
• Iimpawu libanda kungaquka oku kulandelayo:

Ukuthatha i-ritonavir ngamanye amayeza kunokubangela iziphumo ezibi okanye ezisongela ubomi. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza alandelayo: amayeza ergot anje nge-dihydroergotamine (iDHE 45, Migranal), ergotamine (Ergomar, eCafergot, eMigergot), ergonovine, kunye ne-methylergonovine (Methergine); amayeza okubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga njenge-amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), flecainide, propafenone (Rhythmol), kunye nequinidine (eNuedexta); kunye neepilisi zokulala ezifana ne-midazolam (iVersed) kunye ne-triazolam (Halcion). Ugqirha wakho uyakukuxelela ukuba ungathathi i-ritonavir ukuba uthatha naliphi na kula mayeza.

I-Ritonavir isetyenziswa kunye namanye amayeza ukunyanga intsholongwane kaGawulayo. I-Ritonavir ikudidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-protease inhibitors. Isebenza ngokunciphisa inani le-HIV egazini. Nangona i-ritonavir ingayinyangi i-HIV, inokuwanciphisa amathuba akho okuba ne-immunodeficiency syndrome (i-AIDS) kunye nezifo ezinxulumene ne-HIV ezinje ngezifo ezomeleleyo okanye umhlaza. Ukuthatha la mayeza kunye nokwabelana ngesondo okukhuselekileyo nokwenza olunye utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhambisa intsholongwane kagawulayo kwabanye abantu.

I-Ritonavir iza njengecapsule, ithebhulethi, kunye nesisombululo (ulwelo) ekufuneka sithathwe ngomlomo. Ihlala ithathwa kabini ngemini kunye nokutya. Landela izikhokelo kwileyibhile yakho yonyango ngononophelo, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba achaze nayiphi na indawo ongayiqondiyo. Thatha i-ritonavir ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe. Musa ukuthatha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwayo okanye uthathe rhoqo kunokuba umiselwe ngugqirha wakho.

Ugqirha wakho uya kukuqala ngedosi esezantsi ye-ritonavir kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ayonyuse idosi yakho, hayi rhoqo kunakuqala rhoqo kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezi-3. Landela le miyalelo ngononophelo.

Swallow ritonavir tablets epheleleyo. Musa ukwahlula, ukuhlafuna, okanye ukuchoboza.

Ukuba uthatha isisombululo somlomo, sebenzisa icephe lokulinganisa idosi, isirinji, okanye ikomityi ukulinganisa inani elifanelekileyo lolwelo olufunekayo kwidosi nganye. Sukusebenzisa icephe lekhaya eliqhelekileyo. Ungasithatha isisombululo ngokwakho, okanye ungasiphucula isongo ngokusixuba kunye nee-ounces ezisi-8 zobisi lweetshokholethi okanye uqinisekise okanye izongezo zokutya zohlobo lweAdvera. Ukuba udibanisa iyeza kunye nolunye lolu lwelo, kufuneka usele lo mxube ungagqithanga kwiyure enye emva kokuba uxubekile.

Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba uyeke ukuthatha iicapsona ze-ritonavir kwaye uqalise ukuthatha iipilisi endaweni yoko, unokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinje ngokuba nesicaphucaphu, ukugabha, iintlungu zesisu kunye nohudo emva nje kokuba utshintshile. Ezi mpawu zinokuphucuka njengoko umzimba wakho uhlengahlengisa iipilisi.

Qhubeka nokuthatha i-ritonavir nokuba uziva uphilile. Sukuyeka ukuthatha i-ritonavir ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ukuba uphosa idosi, thatha ngaphantsi kwedosi emiselweyo, okanye uyeke ukuthatha i-ritonavir, imeko yakho kunokuba nzima ukuyinyanga.

La mayeza angamiselwa ezinye izinto. Buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-ritonavir,

• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba ngaba uxabana ne-ritonavir, nawaphi na amanye amayeza, okanye nasiphi na isithako esenziwe kwiipilisi ze-ritonavir, iicapsule, okanye isisombululo. Buza usokhemesti wakho uluhlu lwezithako.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO okanye enye yezi zinto zilandelayo: alfuzosin (Uroxatral), apalutamide (Erleada), cisapride (Propulsid) (ayifumaneki e-US), colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare) in abantu abanezintso okanye isifo sesibindi, i-dronedarone (iMultaq), lomitapide (Juxtapid), lovastatin (Altoprev), lurasidone (Latuda), pimozide (Orap), ranolazine (Ranexa), sildenafil (kuphela uphawu lweRevatio olusetyenziselwa isifo semiphunga), simvastatin ( Zocor, eVytorin), iSt John's wort, okanye i-voriconazole (Vfend). Ugqirha wakho uyakukuxelela ukuba ungathathi i-ritonavir ukuba uthatha elinye okanye ngaphezulu kula mayeza.
• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba loluphi olunye amayeza amiselweyo nolungabhaliswanga, iivithamini, kunye nezongezelelo zesondlo ozithathayo okanye oceba ukuzithatha. Qiniseka ukuba ukhankanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo: ii-anticoagulants ('igazi elincinci') njenge-warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) kunye ne-rivaroxaban powder (Xarelto); iziyobisi ezifana ne-amitriptyline, bupropion (Aplenzin, Forfivo XL, Wellbutrin, Zyban, abanye), desipramine (Norpramin), fluoxetine (Prozac), nefazodone, nortriptyline, paroxetine (Paxil), kunye ne-trazodone; atovaquone (Mepron, eMalarone); ibhediquiline (Sirturo); ii-beta-blockers ezinje nge-metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL, kwi-Dutoprol, kwi-Lopressor HCT) kunye ne-timolol; i-bosentan (iTracleer); buspirone; iicalcium block blockers ezinjenge diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Tiazac, others), nifedipine (Adalat, Afeditab CR, Procardia), kunye ne-verapamil (Calan, Covera, Verelan, eTarka); ukunciphisa amayeza e-cholesterol njenge-atorvastatin (Lipitor, eCaduet) kunye ne-rosuvastatin (Crestor); i-clarithromycin (i-Biaxin, kwi-PrevPac); clorazepate (uGen-Xene, iTranxene); icolchicine (iiColcrys, iMitigare); amayeza athile omhlaza afana ne-abemaciclib (Verzenio), dasatinib (Sprycel), encorafenib (Braftovi), ibrutinib (Imbruvica), ivosidenib (Tibsovo), neratinib (Nerlynx), nilotinib (Tasigna), venetoclax (Venclextine), vin ; dexamethasone; diazepam (Diastat, Valium); idigoxin (Lanoxin); idrabinabinol (iMarinol); elagolix (Orilissa); estazolam; fentanyl (Duragesic, Subsys), fostamatinib (Tavalisse), amayeza athile e-hepatitis C virus (HCV) anjenge-boceprevir (engasafumaneki e-US; Victrelis), glecaprevir kunye ne-pibrentasvir (Mavyret), kunye ne-simeprevir (engasafumanekiyo e-US. KwiOlysio); itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox); ketoconazole (Nizoral); i-lidocaine (iLidoderm; kwiXylocaine kunye ne-Epinephrine); amanye amayeza e-HIV afana ne-atazanavir (Reyataz, e-Evotaz), darunavir (Prezista, e-Prezcobix), delavirdine (Rescriptor), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), maraviroc (Selzentry), saquinavir (Invirasevir), kunye ne-tip I-Aptivus); amayeza e-erectile dysfunction njenge-avanafil (Stendra), sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Adcirca, Cialis), kunye nevardenafil (Levitra); amayeza athintela amajoni omzimba anje ngecyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) kunye netacrolimus (Astagraf XL, Prograf); amayeza athile okubanjwa njenge-carbamazepine (Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol, abanye), clonazepam (Klonopin), divalproex (Depakote), ethosuximide (Zarontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), kunye ne phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); meperidine (iDemerol); imethadone (iDolophine, iMethadose); imethamphetamine (Desoxyn); imeyilethi; iperphenazine; iquetiapine (iSeroquel); ikwinine (Qualaquin); irifabutin (Mycobutin); irifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, eRifamate, eRifater); risperidone; isalmeterol (iSerevent, eAdvair); ngomlomo okanye nge-inhaled steroids njenge-betamethasone, budesonide (Pulmicort), ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris), dexamethasone, fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent, eAdvair), methylprednisolone (Medrol). mometasone (eDulera). i-prednisone, kunye ne-triamcinolone; theophylline (Theo 24, Uniphyl, abanye); thioridazine; kunye ne-zolpidem (Ambien, Edluar, Intermezzo, nabanye). Uninzi lwamanye amayeza anokusebenzisana ne-ritonavir, ke qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owathathayo, nkqu nalawo angaveli kolu luhlu. Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho okanye akubeke esweni ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• ukuba uthatha i-ritonavir yokunqunyanyiswa ngomlomo, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uthatha i-disulfiram (Antabuse) okanye i-metronidazole (Flagyl, Nuvessa, Vandazole).
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wanethuba elide le-QT (ingxaki yentliziyo enqabileyo enokubangela ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, okanye ukufa ngesiquphe), isifo seswekile, ihemophilia, i-cholesterol ephezulu okanye i-triglycerides (amafutha) egazini, okanye intliziyo okanye isifo sesibindi, kubandakanya i-hepatitis B okanye i-C.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe, cwangcisa ukukhulelwa, okanye uncancisa. Ukuba ukhulelwa ngelixa uthatha i-ritonavir, biza ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Akufuneki uncancise xa wosulelwe yi-HIV okanye ukuba uthatha i-ritonavir.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-ritonavir inokunciphisa ukusebenza kwezicwangcisi zehomoni (iipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa, iipatches, iiringi, okanye inaliti). Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokusebenzisa enye indlela yolawulo lokuzalwa.
• Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba amanqatha omzimba wakho anganyuka okanye afudukele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho, ezinje ngomqolo wangasentla, intamo (’’ inyathi ’), amabele, kunye nesisu sakho. Ungabona ukulahleka kwamafutha omzimba ebusweni bakho, kwimilenze nakwiingalo.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba unokufumana i-hyperglycemia (inyuka kwiswekile esegazini lakho) ngelixa uthatha eli yeza, nokuba awukabinaso isifo seswekile. Tshela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu zilandelayo ngelixa uthatha i-ritonavir: ukunxanwa okugqithisileyo, ukuchama rhoqo, ukulamba kakhulu, umbono ophuthileyo, okanye ubuthathaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubiza ugqirha wakho nje ukuba ube nazo naziphi na ezi mpawu, kuba iswekile ephezulu yegazi enganyangekiyo inokubangela imeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi ketoacidosis. I-Ketoacidosis inokuba sengozini yobomi ukuba ayinyangwa kwangoko. Iimpawu zeketoacidosis zibandakanya umlomo owomileyo, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukuphefumla okunuka iziqhamo kunye nokuncipha kwengqondo.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ngelixa uthatha amayeza ukunyanga usulelo lwe-HIV, amajoni akho omzimba angomelela kwaye aqale ukulwa nezinye izifo ezazisele zisemzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ube neempawu zolu sulelo. Ukuba uneempawu ezintsha okanye eziba mandundu emva kokuqala unyango nge-ritonavir, qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho.

Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho axelele ngenye indlela, qhubeka nokutya okuqhelekileyo.

Thatha idosi ephosiweyo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uyikhumbule. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba phantse lixesha ledosi elandelayo, tsiba idosi ephosiweyo kwaye uqhubeke neshedyuli yakho yethamo eqhelekileyo. Sukuthatha idosi ephindwe kabini ukwenza eyilahlekileyo.

I-Ritonavir inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:

• ukozela
• urhudo
• irhasi
• isilungulela
• utshintsho kwisakhono sokungcamla ukutya
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukuba ndindisholo, ukutshisa, okanye ukurhawuzelela izandla, iinyawo, okanye indawo ejikeleze umlomo
• intlungu yesihlunu okanye edibeneyo
• isisu esibuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokugabha

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko okanye ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo:

• ukudumba okanye ukuxobuka kolusu
• irhashalala
• urhwebo
• ukudumba kwamehlo, ubuso, ulwimi, imilebe, okanye umqala
• Ukuqina komqala
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• isisu esibuhlungu
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• ukunqongophala kwamandla
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• iintlungu kwinxalenye ephezulu yesisu
• mthubi ulusu okanye amehlo
• isiyezi
• intloko elula
• ukulahleka kwengqondo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga

Ukuba uhlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, wena okanye ugqirha wakho ungathumela ingxelo kwiNkqubo yoKutya kunye nezoLawulo (i-FDA) yeMedWatch yeNkqubo yokuNgxelo ngezeMeko eziGwenxa kwi-Intanethi (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) okanye ngomnxeba ( 1-800-332-1088).

I-Ritonavir inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki engaqhelekanga ngelixa uthatha eli yeza.

Gcina eli yeza kwisikhongozeli lifikile, livalekile, kwaye alifumaneki ebantwaneni. Gcina iipilisi kunye nesisombululo kubushushu begumbi. Musa ukusifaka efrijini isisombululo kwaye ungasivumeli sishushu kakhulu okanye sibande kakhulu. Kungcono ukufaka iifriji ze-ritonavir njengefriji, kodwa ungazigcina nakumaqondo obushushu ashushu ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30.

Kubalulekile ukugcina onke amayeza ngaphandle kwamehlo kunye nokufikelela kwabantwana njengezikhongozeli ezininzi (ezinje ngeeveki zeepilisi zeveki kunye nezo zamehlo, iikhrim, iipatches, kunye ne-inhalers) azinyangeki kwaye abantwana abancinci banokuzivula ngokulula. Ukukhusela abantwana abancinci kwiityhefu, soloko ukhiya iminqwazi yokhuseleko kwaye ubeke amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo-leyo iphakame kwaye iphakame kwaye ingabonakali kubo kwaye ifikelele kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Amayeza angafunekiyo kufuneka achithwe ngeendlela ezizodwa zokuqinisekisa ukuba izilwanyana zasekhaya, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu abanakuzisebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, akufuneki uligungxule eli yeza kwindlu yangasese. Endaweni yoko, eyona ndlela yokulahla amayeza akho yinkqubo yokubuyisa amayeza. Thetha kumayeza wakho okanye unxibelelane nesebe lakho lenkunkuma / lokurisayikilisha ukuze ufunde malunga neenkqubo zokubuyisa kwindawo ohlala kuyo. Jonga i-FDA's Safe Disposal of Medicines website (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) ngolwazi oluthe kratya ukuba awunakho ukufikelela kwinkqubo yokubuyisa.

Kwimeko yokugqithisa, fowunela umnxeba wolawulo lwetyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222. Ulwazi lukwafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ukuba ixhoba liye lawa, laxhuzula, linengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye alikwazi ukuvuswa, ngoko nangoko lifowunele iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngo-911.

Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukufumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko ukuba umntwana usele idosi engaphezulu kwesiqhelo. Isisombululo siqulathe isixa esikhulu sotywala esinokuba yingozi emntwaneni.

Iimpawu libanda kungaquka oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba ndindisholo, ukutshisa, okanye ukubetha kwezandla okanye kweenyawo

Gcina lonke ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho kunye nelabhoratri. Ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile zelebhu ukujonga impendulo yakho kwi-ritonavir.

Musa ukuvumela nabani na ukuba athathe amayeza akho. Buza usokhemesti wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga nokuzalisa amayeza akho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinjengeevithamini, iiminerali, okanye ezinye izongezo zokutya. Kuya kufuneka uze nolu luhlu qho xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Kukwabalulekile ulwazi ukuba uphathe nawe xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

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