I-Achromatopsia (umbala wobumfama): yintoni, uyichonga njani kwaye wenzeni

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Yintoni enokubangela i-achromatopsia
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

Umbala wobumfama, owaziwa ngokwenzululwazi njenge-achromatopsia, lutshintsho lwe-retina olunokwenzeka kumadoda nakwabasetyhini kwaye oko kubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokuncipha kombono, ubuntununtunu obugqithisileyo ekukhanyeni kunye nobunzima bokubona imibala.

Ngokungafaniyo nobumfama bombala, apho umntu engakwaziyo ukwahlula eminye imibala, i-achromatopsia inokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ekuqwalaseleni eminye imibala ngaphandle komnyama, mhlophe kunye nemibala engwevu, ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle okukhoyo kwiiseli ezenza ukukhanya nombono wombala, ebizwa ngeekhowuni.

Ngokubanzi, ubumfama bombala buvela kwasekuzalweni, kuba oyena nobangela wayo kukutshintsha kwemfuza, nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko ezinqabileyo, i-achromatopsia inokufunyanwa kwakhona ebudaleni ngenxa yomonakalo wobuchopho, njengamathumba, umzekelo.

Nangona i-achromatopsia ingenalo unyango, i-ophthalmologist inokucebisa unyango ngokusetyenziswa kweiglasi ezikhethekileyo ezinceda ukuphucula umbono kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zingaqala ukubonakala kwiiveki zokuqala zobomi, zibonakala ngakumbi ekukhuleni komntwana. Ezinye zeempawu zibandakanya:

• Kunzima ukuvula amehlo akho emini okanye kwiindawo ezinokukhanya okuninzi;
• Ukungcangcazeleka kwamehlo kunye nokushukuma;
• Kunzima ukubona;
• Kunzima ukufunda okanye ukwahlula imibala;
• Umbono omnyama nomhlophe.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukuhamba kwamehlo okukhawulezayo nako kunokubakho macala onke.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuxilongwa kunokuba nzima njengoko umntu esenokungayazi imeko yabo kwaye angafuni noncedo lonyango. Kubantwana kunokuba lula ukubona i-achromatopsia xa kunzima ukufunda imibala esikolweni.

Yintoni enokubangela i-achromatopsia

Unobangela ophambili wobumfama bombala kukutshintsha kwemfuzo okuthintela ukukhula kweeseli, zamehlo, ezivumela ukuba zigcine imibala, eyaziwa ngokuba ziicones. Xa ii-cones zichaphazeleka ngokupheleleyo, i-achromatopsia igqityiwe kwaye, kwezi meko, ibonakala kuphela kumnyama nomhlophe, nangona kunjalo, xa utshintsho kwiicones lincinci, umbono unokuchaphazeleka kodwa uvumele ukwahlula imibala, ukubizwa ngokuba yi-achromatopsia.

Kuba kubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuza, esi sifo sinokugqitha sisuka kubazali siye ebantwaneni, kodwa kuphela xa kukho iimeko ze-achromatopsia kusapho lukatata okanye umama, nokuba abanaso esi sifo.

Ukongeza kutshintsho lwemfuza, kukwakho neemeko zobumfama obunombala obuvele ngexesha lobudala ngenxa yokonakala kwengqondo, ezinje ngamathumba okanye ukuthatha ichiza elibizwa ngokuba yihydroxychloroquine, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwizifo zamathambo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuxilongwa kuhlala kwenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha wabantwana, ngokujonga nje iimpawu kunye novavanyo lwemibala. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo lombono, olubizwa ngokuba yi-electroretinografi, ekuvumela ukuba uvavanye umsebenzi wombane we-retina, ukwazi ukuveza ukuba ii-cones zisebenza kakuhle na.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Okwangoku, esi sifo asinanyango, ngenxa yoko injongo isekwe ekupheliseni iimpawu, ezinokuthi zenziwe ngokusetyenziswa kweiglasi ezikhethekileyo ezineelensi ezimnyama ezinceda ukuphucula umbono ngelixa kuncipha ukukhanya, kuphucula ubuntununtunu.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unxibe umnqwazi esitratweni ukunciphisa ukukhanya phezu kwamehlo kwaye uphephe imisebenzi efuna ukubonwa okubonakalayo, njengoko banokudinwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye babangele iimvakalelo zokudana.

Ukuvumela umntwana ukuba akhule ngokwengqondo kwesiqhelo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wazise ootitshala ngengxaki, ukuze bahlale behleli ngaphambili kwaye banike izinto ezinobumba kunye neenombolo ezinkulu, umzekelo.