Leukemia yamachiza amdaka

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni ileukemia?
• Yintoni i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Yintoni ebangela i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Zithini iimpawu ze-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Isifo se-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sifunyaniswa njani?
• Luthini unyango lwe-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni ileukemia?

Ileukemia ligama elinomhlaza kwiiseli zegazi. Ileukemia iqala kwizicwili ezenza igazi ezinje ngomongo wethambo. Umongo wakho wethambo wenza iiseli eziza kukhula zibe ziiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets. Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli lunomsebenzi owahlukileyo:

• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zinceda umzimba wakho ukulwa usulelo
• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihambisa ioksijini kwimiphunga yakho ukuya kwizicwili nakwizitho zakho
• Iiplatelets zinceda amahlwili ayeke ukopha

Xa une-leukemia, umongo wakho wethambo wenza inani elikhulu leeseli ezingaqhelekanga. Le ngxaki ihlala isenzeka ngeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ezi seli zingaqhelekanga zakha umongo kunye negazi lakho. Zixinanisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni kwaye zenza kube nzima kwiiseli zakho kunye negazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo.

Yintoni i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) luhlobo leukemia oyingozi. "Acute" kuthetha ukuba leukemia idla ngokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ukuba ayinyangwa. Kwi-AML, umongo wethambo wenza i-myeloblast engaqhelekanga (uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi), iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye iiplatelets.Xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zixinana neeseli ezisempilweni, kunokukhokelela kusulelo, i-anemia, kunye nokopha ngokulula. Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokusasazeka ngaphandle kwegazi ziye kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-AML. Ii-subtypes zisekwe kwindlela eziphuhliswe ngayo iiseli zomhlaza xa ufumana isifo sakho kwaye zahluke kangakanani kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo.

Yintoni ebangela i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

I-AML yenzeka xa kukho utshintsho kwizinto zemvelo (i-DNA) kwiiseli zomongo wethambo. Unobangela wezi nguqu zemfuza awaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile eziphakamisa umngcipheko we-AML.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Izinto eziphakamisa umngcipheko we-AML zibandakanya

• Ukuba yindoda
• Ukutshaya, ngakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-60
• Ukuba une-chemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha
• Unyango lwe-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BONKE) njengomntwana
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimichiza ye-benzene
• Imbali yenye ingxaki yegazi efana nesifo se-myelodysplastic syndrome

Zithini iimpawu ze-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-AML zibandakanya

• Ifiva
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Ukutyumza ngokulula okanye ukopha
• I-Petechiae, amachaphaza amancinci abomvu phantsi kolusu. Zibangelwa kukopha.
• Ubuthathaka okanye uziva udiniwe
• Ukuthoba umzimba okanye ukulahleka kwesidlo
• Intlungu okanye ithambo, ukuba iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zakha kufutshane okanye ngaphakathi kwamathambo

Isifo se-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) sifunyaniswa njani?

Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokusebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ukufumanisa i-AML kwaye ufumane ukuba yeyiphi i-subtype onayo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba
• Imbali yezonyango
• Uvavanyo lwegazi, olufana nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC) kunye ne-smear yegazi
• Uvavanyo lomongo wethambo. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili - umnqweno wethambo kunye nomongo wethambo. Zombini ezi mvavanyo zibandakanya ukususa isampulu yomongo wethambo kunye nethambo. Iisampulu zithunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanywa.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic ukukhangela i-gene kunye ne-chromosome changes

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-AML, unokuba neemvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Oku kubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-imaging kunye ne-lumbar puncture, eyinkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokuvavanya ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Luthini unyango lwe-acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Unyango lwe-AML lubandakanya

• Unyango ngamayeza
• Unyango ngemitha
• I-Chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweseli
• Amanye amayeza anticancer

Luluphi unyango olufumana rhoqo luxhomekeke kuhlobo olungaphantsi lwe-AML onayo. Unyango luhlala lwenziwa ngezigaba ezibini:

• Injongo yesigaba sokuqala kukubulala iiseli ze-leukemia egazini nasemongo wethambo. Oku kubeka i-leukemia kuxolelo. Ukuxolelwa kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zomhlaza ziyancitshiswa okanye zinyamalale.
• Isigaba sesibini saziwa njengonyango lwasemva kokuxolelwa. Injongo yayo kukuthintela ukubuyela umva (ukubuya) komhlaza. Kubandakanya ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zegazi ezinokungasebenzi kodwa ezinokuqalisa ukubuyela kwakhona.

NIH: IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza