Yintoni isiyobisi?

Umxholo

• Zithini iintlobo?
• Izinto okanye indlela yokuziphatha enokubangela ukuba likhoboka
• Zithini iimpawu?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuba likhoboka?
• Ingqondo
• Ukuvezwa kwangoko
• Athini amanqanaba?
• Zeziphi iingxaki?
• Ubuphatha njani umlutha?
• Ungayifumana phi inkxaso yokulutha?

Ithini inkcazo yokuba likhoboka?

Umlutha kukungasebenzi kakuhle okungapheliyo kwenkqubo yengqondo kubandakanya umvuzo, inkuthazo kunye nenkumbulo. Imalunga nendlela umzimba wakho onqwenela ngayo into okanye isimilo, ngakumbi ukuba ibangela ukunyanzelwa okanye ukujonga into "ngomvuzo" kunye nokungaxhalabi malunga neziphumo.

Umntu ofumana umlutha uya:

• ungabinakho ukuhlala kude nesiyobisi okanye uyeke isimilo
• bonisa ukungakwazi ukuzeyisa
• unomdla okhulayo kwinto okanye isimilo
• gxotha indlela indlela yokuziphatha kwabo enokubangela ngayo iingxaki
• ukuswela impendulo ngokweemvakalelo

Ixesha elingaphezulu, iziyobisi zinokuphazamisa kakhulu ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Abantu abahlangabezana nokulutha banomdla wokujikeleza kwakhona kunye nokuxolelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba banokujikeleza phakathi kokusetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nokuthamba. Ngaphandle kwale mijikelo, iziyobisi ziya kuhlala zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Zingakhokelela kubunzima bempilo esisigxina kunye neziphumo ezibi njengokutshona.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile kuye nakubani na ohlangabezana nesiyobisi ukuba afune uncedo. Tsalela umnxeba ku-800-622-4357 ngolwazi oluyimfihlo nolusimahla lonyango lokuhambisa, ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneziyobisi. Eli nani lelokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo (SAMHSA). Baya kuba nakho ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya, kubandakanya isikhokelo kuthintelo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Zithini iintlobo?

Ngokwe-charity Action yase-UK kwi-Addiction, i-1 kubantu be-3 emhlabeni banomlutha wohlobo oluthile. Iziyobisi zinokuza ngohlobo lwayo nayiphi na into okanye isimilo.

Eyona nto idume kakhulu nezibi kukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye notywala. Phantse i-1 kwabali-10 baseMelika banomlutha kuzo zombini. Kubantu abanamakhoboka eziyobisi, ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu sisebenzisa utywala gwenxa.

Ezona ziyobisi zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• inikotini, efumaneka kwicuba
• I-THC, ifunyenwe kwi-marijuana
• i-opioid (i-narcotic), okanye ukunciphisa iintlungu
• icocaine

Izinto okanye indlela yokuziphatha enokubangela ukuba likhoboka

Ngo-2014, i-Addiction.com, iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekuncedeni abo banomlutha, zidwelise iintlobo ezili-10 eziphezulu zokulutha. Ngaphandle kwenicotine, iziyobisi, kunye notywala, ezinye iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• ikofu okanye icaffeine
• ukungcakaza
• umsindo, njengesicwangciso sokulwa
• ukutya
• iteknoloji
• ngesondo
• sebenza

Itekhnoloji, isini, kunye neziyobisi zomsebenzi azibonwa njengezikhoboka nguMbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika kuhlelo lwabo lwakutsha nje lweDiagnostic kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yeNgxaki yeNgqondo.

Eminye imikhwa okanye indlela yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni ibonakala ngathi ikhoboka. Kodwa kwimeko yesiyobisi, umntu uya kusabela gwenxa xa engawufumani "umvuzo" wakhe. Umzekelo, umntu olikhoboka lekhofi unokufumana iimpawu zokurhoxa emzimbeni nasengqondweni ezinje ngeentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokucaphuka.

Zithini iimpawu?

Uninzi lweempawu zokulutha zinxulumene nokungakwazi komntu ukugcina ukuzibamba. Oku kubandakanya utshintsho olu:

• kwezentlalo, njengokufuna iimeko ezikhuthaza into okanye isimilo
• isimilo, oku kwanda kwemfihlo
• ezinxulumene nezempilo, ezinje ngokulala okanye ukulahleka kwememori
• ehambelana nobuntu

Umntu onokongeza akazukuyeka isimilo sabo, nokuba bayazibona iingxaki ezibangelwa sisiyobisi. Ngamanye amaxesha, baya kubonisa ukungabikho kolawulo, njengokusebenzisa okungaphezulu kokucwangcisiweyo.

Olunye uhlobo lokuziphatha kunye notshintsho lweemvakalelo olunxulunyaniswa nokulutha lubandakanya:

• ukungaqiniseki okanye uvavanyo olubi lwezinto ezilungileyo kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa izinto okanye isimilo
• Ukugxeka ezinye izinto okanye abantu kwiingxaki zabo
• ukwanda kwamanqanaba oxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye nosizi
• ukonyusa ubuntununtunu kunye nokusabela okuqatha ngakumbi kuxinzelelo
• ingxaki yokuchonga iimvakalelo
• ingxaki yokuchaza umahluko phakathi kweemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zomzimba zeemvakalelo zikabani

Yintoni ebangela ukuba likhoboka?

Izinto ezikhobokisayo kunye nokuziphatha kunokwenza into emnandi "ephezulu" eyomzimba nengokwengqondo. Ngokwesiqhelo uya kusebenzisa ngakumbi izinto ezithile okanye ubandakanyeke ekuziphatheni ixesha elide ukufezekisa ukuphakama okufanayo kwakhona. Ngexesha elide, umlutha kuba nzima ukuyeka.

Ingqondo

Abanye abantu banokuzama into okanye indlela yokuziphatha kwaye bangaze baphinde basondele kuyo, ngelixa abanye besiba ngamakhoboka. Oku kubangelwa yinxalenye yobuchopho bengqondo yangaphambili. I-lobe yangaphambili ivumela umntu ukuba alibazise iimvakalelo zomvuzo okanye ukonwaba. Kwiziyobisi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle okungafaniyo kunye nolwaneliseko kwangoko.

Iindawo ezongezelelekileyo zobuchopho nazo zinokudlala indima kumlutha. I-cortex yangaphakathi ye-cingate kunye ne-nucleus accumbens, enxulunyaniswa neemvakalelo ezonwabisayo, inokunyusa impendulo yomntu xa evezwe kwinto yokulutha kunye nokuziphatha.

Abanye oonobangela abanokubakho bokulutha kubandakanya ukungalingani kwemichiza kwingqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okunje nge-schizophrenia okanye i-bipolar disorder. Ezi ngxaki zinokukhokelela kwizicwangciso zokulwa neziyobisi.

Ukuvezwa kwangoko

Iingcali zikholelwa ekubeni ukubonakaliswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokufika kwangoko kweziyobisi kunye nokuziphatha kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Imfuza ikwonyusa ukubakho kwesiyobisi malunga neepesenti ezingama-50, ngokwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba umlutha uqhuba kusapho oko akuthethi ukuba umntu uya kuba nawo.

Okusingqongileyo kunye nenkcubeko ikwadlala indima kwindlela umntu aphendula ngayo kwinto okanye indlela yokuziphatha. Ukunqongophala okanye ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo yenkxaso yentlalo yomntu kunokukhokelela kwiziyobisi okanye isimilo sokuziphatha. Amava abuhlungu awachaphazela amandla okulwa nawo anokukhokelela ekuziphatheni okuluthayo.

Athini amanqanaba?

Iziyobisi zihlala zidlala ngokwamanqanaba. Ingqondo yakho kunye nokuphendula komzimba kwinqanaba lokuqala lomlutha kwahlukile ekuphenduleni kumanqanaba okugqibela.

Amanqanaba amane okulutha ngala:

• ukulinga: ukusebenzisa okanye ukwenza umdla
• yentlalo okanye yesiqhelo: isebenzisa okanye ingena kwiimeko zentlalo okanye ngezizathu zentlalo
• Ingxaki okanye umngcipheko: ukusebenzisa okanye ukuzibandakanya ngendlela egqithileyo ngokungakhathaleli iziphumo
• ukuxhomekeka: ukusebenzisa okanye ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni yonke imihla, okanye amatyeli aliqela ngosuku, ngaphandle kweziphumo ezibi ezinokubakho

Zeziphi iingxaki?

Iziyobisi ezishiyiweyo zinganyangwa zinokukhokelela kwiziphumo zexesha elide. Ezi ziphumo zinokuba:

• ngokomzimba, njengesifo sentliziyo, i-HIV / AIDS, kunye nokonakala kwemithambo-luvo
• ngokwasemphefumlweni nangokweemvakalelo, ezinje ngexhala, uxinzelelo noxinzelelo
• kwezentlalo, ezinje ngejele kunye nobudlelwane obonakeleyo
• ezoqoqosho, ezinjengokutshona kunye namatyala

Izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuziphatha kunefuthe elahlukileyo kwimpilo yomntu. Iingxaki ezinzima zinokubangela inkxalabo yezempilo okanye iimeko zentlalo zikhokelele esiphelweni sobomi.

Ubuphatha njani umlutha?

Zonke iintlobo zomlutha ziyanyangeka. Izicwangciso ezilungileyo kakhulu zibanzi, njengoko umlutha uhlala uchaphazela indawo ezininzi zobomi. Unyango luya kugxila ekuncedeni wena okanye umntu omaziyo ayeke ukufuna kunye nokwenza iziyobisi.

Unyango oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya:

• amayeza, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo njengokudakumba okanye isifo sengqondo
• unyango lwengqondo, kubandakanya indlela yokuziphatha, intetho, kunye nonyango lweqela
• Iinkonzo zonyango, ukunceda ukunyanga iingxaki ezinzulu zokulutha, njengokurhoxa ngexesha le-detox
• umphathi wecala lokulutha, ukunceda ukulungelelanisa nokujonga unyango oluqhubekayo
• Unyango lweziyobisi
• zokuzinceda kunye namaqela enkxaso

Unokutyelela ugqirha wakho oyintloko ukuba wenze uvavanyo. Uhlobo lonyango alucebisayo ugqirha luxhomekeke kubukrakra nakwinqanaba lokulutha. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokulutha, ugqirha unokucebisa amayeza kunye nonyango. Amanqanaba kamva anokuxhamla kunyango lweziyobisi ngaphakathi.

Ungayifumana phi inkxaso yokulutha?

Ukoyisa umlutha luhambo olude. Inkxaso ingahamba indlela ende ekwenzeni ukuba inkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo iphumelele ngakumbi. Imibutho emininzi inokunceda, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomlutha.

Oku kubandakanya:

• UAl-Anon
• Utywala Ongaziwayo (AA)
• Cocaine Ongaziwayo (CA)
• ICrystal Meth engaziwa (CMA)
• Ukungcakaza okungaziwayo (GA)
• Intsangu engaziwayo (MA)
• I-Narcotic Engaziwayo (NA)
• AbaSebenzisi bezoSondo abangaziwa (SAA)
• Ubuso kunye neZwi lokuBuyisa kwakhona
• Iziko leSizwe kuTywala kunye nokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala
• Iziko leLizwe leSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi
• Ukubuyiselwa kweSmart
• Abasetyhini ngokuzibandakanya
• Ulungelelwaniso loLuntu lokuLwa iziyobisi eMelika

Le mibutho inokukunceda ukunxibelelana namaqela enkxaso, anje ngala:

• amaqela asekuhlaleni
• iiforamu ezikwi-intanethi
• Ulwazi malunga neziyobisi kunye neengcali
• izicwangciso zonyango

Inkqubo yokuxhasa eyomeleleyo ibalulekile ngexesha lokuchacha. Ukuvumela abahlobo bakho, usapho, kunye nabo basondeleyo kuwe bazi malunga nesicwangciso sakho sonyango kunokukunceda ugcine umkhondo kwaye uphephe izinto ezinokubangela.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unokufumana iziyobisi, tsalela umnxeba ku-800-622-4357 ngolwazi oluyimfihlo nolusimahla lokuthumela ulwazi kwi-SAMHSA. Funa unonophelo olungxamisekileyo xa kukho imfuneko, ngakumbi ukuba baneengcinga okanye izenzo zokuzibulala.