Ugonyo lomkhuhlane: ngubani omele ayithathe, iimpendulo eziqhelekileyo (kunye nokunye ukuthandabuza)

Umxholo

• 1. Ngubani ofanele afumane isitofu sokugonya?
• 2. Ngaba isitofu sokugonya siyakhusela kwi-H1N1 okanye kwi-coronavirus?
• 3. Ndingasifumana phi isitofu sokugonya?
• 4. Ngaba kufuneka ndiyithathe minyaka le?
• 5. Ndingasifumana isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane?
• 6. Zeziphi ezona mpendulo zixhaphakileyo?
• Intloko ebuhlungu, izihlunu okanye amalungu
• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda nokubila kakhulu
• Impendulo kwindawo yolawulo
• 7. Ngubani ongafanele afumane isitofu sokugonya?
• 8. Ngaba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banakho ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane?

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sikhusela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, enoxanduva lokuphuhlisa umkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko le ntsholongwane ihamba iinguqu ezininzi ekuhambeni kwexesha, iya isiba namandla okumelana kwaye, ke ngoko, iyeza lokugonya kufuneka liphinde lenziwe minyaka le ukukhusela kwiindlela ezintsha zentsholongwane.

Isitofu sinikezelwa ngenaliti engalweni kwaye sinceda umzimba ukuba ukhusele umkhuhlane, ukuthintela ukuqala kweengxaki ezinje nge-pneumonia kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuphefumla, ukongeza kulaliswa esibhedlele nasekufeni. Ngenxa yoku, isitofu sokugonya sibeka umntu kwidosi encinci yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane engasebenziyo, eyoneleyo "yokuqeqesha" inkqubo yokhuselo ukuzikhusela kwimeko enokudibana nayo intsholongwane ephilayo.

Isitofu sokugonya siyafumaneka simahla yi-Unified Health System (SUS) yabantu abakumaqela asemngciphekweni, kodwa sinokufumaneka nakwiiklinikhi zokugonya zabucala.

1. Ngubani ofanele afumane isitofu sokugonya?

Ngokufanelekileyo, iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane kufuneka linikezelwe kubantu abanokuthi badibane nentsholongwane yomkhuhlane kwaye baphuhlise iimpawu kunye / okanye iingxaki. Ke, iyeza licetyiswa nguMphathiswa Wezempilo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Abantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye neminyaka emi-6 abagqitywanga (iminyaka emi-5 neenyanga ezili-11);
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 nama-59 ubudala;
• Abadala ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-60;
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo;
• Abafazi abasemva kokubeleka ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-45;
• Iingcali zezempilo;
• Ootitshala;
• Abemi bomthonyama;
• Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, anjenge-HIV okanye umhlaza;
• Abantu abanezigulo ezinganyangekiyo, ezinjengesifo seswekile, i-bronchitis okanye i-asthma;
• Izigulana zeTrisomy, ezinjenge-Down syndrome;
• Abafikisayo bahlala kumaziko emfundo nezentlalo.

Ukongeza, amabanjwa kunye nabanye abantu abahluthwe inkululeko yabo kufuneka bagonyiwe, ngakumbi ngenxa yemeko yendawo abakuyo, eququzelela ukuhanjiswa kwezifo.

2. Ngaba isitofu sokugonya siyakhusela kwi-H1N1 okanye kwi-coronavirus?

Isitofu sokugonya sikhusela amaqela ahlukeneyo wentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, kubandakanya iH1N1. Kwimeko yezitofu zokugonya ezilawulwa simahla yi-SUS, zikhusela kwiintlobo ezintathu zentsholongwane: umkhuhlane A (H1N1), A (H3N2) kunye Umkhuhlane uhlobo B, eyaziwa ngokuba trivalent. Isitofu sokugonya esinokuthengwa kwaye silawulwe kwiiklinikhi zabucala sihlala sithintela isifo, sikhusela kolunye uhlobo lwentsholongwane Umkhuhlane B.

Ngayiphi na imeko, isitofu sokugonya asikhuseli kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-coronavirus, kubandakanya unobangela wosulelo lwe-COVID-19.

3. Ndingasifumana phi isitofu sokugonya?

Iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane elinikezelwa yi-SUS kumaqela asemngciphekweni uhlala ulawulwa kumaziko ezempilo, ngexesha lokugonywa. Nangona kunjalo, eli chiza lingenziwa nangabo bangeyonxalenye yeqela lomngcipheko, kwiiklinikhi zabucala, emva kokuhlawulwa kwesitofu.

4. Ngaba kufuneka ndiyithathe minyaka le?

Isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane sinethuba elinokwahluka phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 kwaye, ke, kufuneka silawulwe minyaka le, ngakumbi ngexesha lekwindla. Ukongeza, njengoko iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane zitshintsha ngokukhawuleza, isitofu sokugonya esitsha sisebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba ukhuselwe kwiintlobo ezintsha eziye zavela apha enyakeni.

Nje ukuba ulawulwe, iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane liqala ukusebenza kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kwaye, ngenxa yoko, alinako ukuthintela umkhuhlane osele ukhula.

5. Ndingasifumana isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane?

Ngokufanelekileyo, isitofu sokugonya kufuneka sinikezwe ukuya kwiiveki ezi-4 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele naziphi na iimpawu zomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu sele enawo umkhuhlane, kuyacetyiswa ukuba alinde ukuba iimpawu ziphele ngaphambi kokuba agonywe, ukuthintela ukuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane wendalo ziyabhidaniswa nempendulo kwisitofu sokugonya, umzekelo.

Ugonyo luya kukhusela umzimba kolunye usulelo olunokubakho kwintsholongwane yomkhuhlane.

6. Zeziphi ezona mpendulo zixhaphakileyo?

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezibi emva kokufaka iyeza zibandakanya:

• Intloko ebuhlungu, izihlunu okanye amalungu

Abanye abantu banokudinwa, iintlungu zomzimba kunye neentloko ezinokubonakala malunga neeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kogonyo.

Kwenziwe ntoni: Kuya kufuneka uphumle kwaye usele ulwelo oluninzi. Ukuba iintlungu zinzima, ii-analgesics, ezinje ngeparacetamol okanye idipyrone, zinokuthathwa, logama kubonisiwe ngugqirha.

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda nokubila kakhulu

Abanye abantu banokufumana umkhuhlane, ukugodola nokubila ngaphezulu kwesiqhelo emva kogonyo, kodwa zihlala zizimpawu ezidlulayo, ezibonakala kwiiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 emva kogonyo, zize zinyamalale malunga neentsuku ezimbini.

Kwenziwe ntoni:ukuba zibangela ukungonwabi okuninzi, ungathatha iipilisi zeentlungu kunye ne-antipyretics, ezinje ngeparacetamol okanye i-dipyrone, okoko uyalelwe ngugqirha.

• Impendulo kwindawo yolawulo

Olunye lweempendulo ezibi kakhulu kukuvela kotshintsho kwindawo yolawulo lwesitofu, njengentlungu, ukuba bomvu, ukudumba okanye ukudumba okuncinci.

Kwenziwe ntoni: umkhenkce omncinci ungasetyenziswa kwindawo ekhuselweyo ngelaphu elicocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ukulimala okubanzi okanye ukuhamba okunomda, kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha kwangoko.

7. Ngubani ongafanele afumane isitofu sokugonya?

Eli yeza lichasene nabantu abophayo, i-guillain-barré syndrome, iingxaki zokunqanda igazi ezinje ngehemophilia okanye imivumbo evele ngokulula, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo okanye isifo sobuchopho.

Ukongeza, akufuneki ukuba isetyenziswe kubantu abanezigulo zeegciwane okanye ii-latex, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengakwimeko yonyango lomhlaza okanye ukuba uthatha iziyobisi ze-anticoagulant, kunye nokukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa.

8. Ngaba abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banakho ukufumana isitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane?

Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umzimba wabasetyhini usengozini yosulelo, ngenxa yoko kukho amathuba aphezulu okufumana umkhuhlane. Ke, lo mfazi ukhulelweyo uyinxalenye yamaqela asemngciphekweni womkhuhlane kwaye, ke, kufanele ukuba agonyo ngaphandle kwentlawulo kwizithuba zempilo ze-SUS.