I-hemolytic anemia: yintoni, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Zintoni izizathu
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi ngu-AHAI, sisifo esiveliswa kukuveliswa kwee-antibodies ezisabela ngokuchasene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukuzitshabalalisa kunye nokuvelisa i-anemia, eneempawu ezinjengokudinwa, ukubola, isiyezi, ulusu olutyheli nolubi namehlo abe

Olu hlobo lwe-anemia lunokuchaphazela nabani na, kodwa luqheleke kakhulu kubantu abadala abancinci. Nangona unobangela wayo ungasoloko ucaciswa, kunokuvela kukudanjiswa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela emva kosulelo, ubukho besinye isifo sokuzimela, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, okanye nomhlaza.

I-autoimmune hemolytic anemia ayisoloko inyangeka, nangona kunjalo, inonyango olwenziwa ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okulawula amajoni omzimba, njenge-corticosteroids kunye ne-immunosuppressants. Kwezinye iimeko, ukususwa kwepeni, okubizwa ngokuba yi-splenectomy, kunokuboniswa, kuba le yindawo apho inxenye yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-anemia ye-hemolytic autoimmune zibandakanya:

• Ubuthathaka;
• Ndiziva ndityhafile;
• IPallor;
• Ukungabikho komdla;
• Isiyezi;
• Ukudinwa;
• Ukulala;
• Ubunzima;
• Intloko ebuhlungu;
• Iinzipho ezibuthathaka;
• Ulusu olomileyo;
• Ukulahleka kweenwele;
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane;
• Luthuthu kwiinwebu zamehlo kunye nomlomo;
• I-jaundice.

Ezi mpawu zifana kakhulu nezo zibangelwa zezinye iintlobo zeanemia, ngoko ke kunyanzelekile ukuba ugqirha a-odole iimvavanyo ezinokunceda ekuchongeni esona sizathu, njengokuncitshiswa komthamo weeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukubala okuphezulu kwe-reticulocyte, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukongeza kuvavanyo lwe-immunological.

Jonga indlela yokwahlula phakathi koonobangela begazi.

Zintoni izizathu

Unobangela we-autoimmune hemolytic anemia ayisoloko ichongiwe, nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi kunokuba sesibini kubukho bezinye izifo ezizimele, ezinjenge-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis, umhlaza, njengee-lymphomas okanye i-leukemias okanye ngenxa yempendulo kumayeza, ezifana neLevodopa, Methyldopa, anti-inflammatories kunye nezibulala ntsholongwane ezithile.

Inokuvela emva kosulelo, ezinje ngezo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinjeUEpstein-Barr okanye iParvovirus B19, okanye ziibhaktheriya ezinje nge Mycobacterium pneumoniae okanye I-Treponema pallidum xa ibangela igcushuwa ephezulu, umzekelo.

Malunga ne-20% yamatyala, i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia iya isiba mandundu ngokubanda, njengakule meko, izilwa-buhlungu zenziwa zisebenze ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, abizwa ngokuba zii-AHAI ngamajoni omzimba abandayo. Amatyala ashiyekileyo abizwa ngokuba yi-AHAI ngamajoni omzimba ashushu, kwaye uninzi lwawo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwe-anemia ye-hemolytic autoimmune, iimvavanyo ugqirha oya kuzala zibandakanya:

• Ubalo lwegaziUkuchonga i-anemia kunye nokujonga ubungqongqo bayo;
• Uvavanyo lomzimba, ezinje ngovavanyo ngqo lweCombombs, olubonisa ubukho beentsholongwane ezinamathele kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Qonda ukuba uvavanyo lweCoombs luthetha ntoni;
• Uvavanyo olungqina ubungqina behemolysis, ezinje ngokunyuka kwee-reticulocytes egazini, ezingafakwanga iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibonakala kwigazi ngokugqithileyo kwimeko ye-hemolysis;
• Ubungakanani be-bilirubin engathanga ngqo, eyonyukayo kwimeko ye-hemolysis eqatha. Yazi ukuba yeyantoni kwaye kuvavanyo lwe-bilirubin luboniswa.

Njengoko ii-anemias ezininzi zinokuba neempawu ezifanayo kunye novavanyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ugqirha akwazi ukwahlula phakathi koonobangela abahlukeneyo be-anemia. Fumana ngakumbi malunga novavanyo apha: Uvavanyo oluqinisekisa i-anemia.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Akunakuthiwa kukho unyango lwe-anemia ye-hemolytic autoimmune, njengoko kuqhelekile kwizigulana ezinesi sifo ukuba namaxesha okuqhambuka kunye nokuphucula imeko yazo.

Ukuphila ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwixesha lokuxolelwa, kubalulekile ukwenza unyango oluboniswe yi-hematologist, olwenziwe ngamachiza alawula amajoni omzimba, abandakanya ii-corticosteroids, ezinje ngePrednisone, ii-immunosuppressants, ezinje ngeCyclophosphamide okanye iCyclosporine, ii-immunomodulators, ezinje nge-immunoglobulin yomntu okanye iplasmapheresis, enceda ekususeni izilwa-buhlungu ezingaphezulu kwegazi, kwiimeko ezinobuzaza.

Ukususwa kotyando, okubizwa ngokuba yi-splenectomy, lukhetho kwezinye iimeko, ngakumbi kwizigulana ezingaphenduliyo kunyango. Njengoko umngcipheko wosulelo unokunyusa abantu abasusa eli lungu, izitofu ezinjenge-antipneumococcal kunye ne-antimeningococcal ziyaboniswa. Jonga ngakumbi malunga nokhathalelo kunye nokuchacha emva kokuba ususwe udakada.

Ukongeza, ukhetho kunyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-hememtictic anemia, iimpawu ezichaziweyo kunye nobukhali bokugula komntu ngamnye. Ubungakanani bonyango luyahluka, kwaye kwezinye iimeko unokuzama ukuqala ukurhoxisa amayeza emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuvavanya impendulo, kuxhomekeke kwisikhokelo se-hematologist.