Yintoni i-Anthrax, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nendlela unyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Uthintelo

I-anthrax sisifo esibi esibangelwa yintsholongwane Isicatshulwa seBacillus, ezinokubangela ukosuleleka xa abantu behlangana ngqo nezinto okanye izilwanyana ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane, xa besitya inyama yezilwanyana okanye xa bephefumla iintsholongwane zale bhaktiriya kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukosuleleka yile ntsholongwane kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kwamathumbu kunye nemiphunga, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba isiqaqa nokufa kungaphelanga iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kosulelo. Ngenxa yesenzo sayo esinetyhefu, i-anthrax inokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-biological, ekubeni sele isasazekile ngothuli kwiileta nakwizinto njengendlela yobunqolobi.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu ze-anthrax ziyahluka ngohlobo losulelo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nesixa sezinto umntu adibene nazo. Iimpawu kunye nosulelo lungaqala ukubonakala malunga neeyure ezili-12 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva kokuvezwa yintsholongwane, kwaye kunokubangela ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi ngohlobo losulelo:

• I-anthrax engacacanga: sesona sifo sinamandla esona sifo, kwenzeka xa umntu edibana ngqo neentsholongwane kwaye sinokubonakala ngokuvela kwamaqhuma abomvu-mdaka namadyungudyungu kulusu olunokwaphuka lwenze izilonda ezimnyama nezibuhlungu. eluswini, kunokuhamba nokudumba, iintlungu zemisipha, intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu nokugabha.
• I-anthrax yesisu: oko kwenzeka ngokungenisa inyama yezilwanyana engcolileyo, apho ityhefu eveliswe yaza yakhutshwa yintsholongwane ibangela ukudumba okukhulu kweli lungu, elibangela ukopha, urhudo, ukugabha, iintlungu zesisu kunye nefiva;
• THEImithambo-luvo yemiphunga: sithathwa njengesona sifo sibaluleke kakhulu, njengoko iintsholongwane zifika emiphungeni, zithomalalisa ukuphefumla kwaye zinokufikelela ngokulula kwigazi, oko kungakhokelela ekubeni isiqaqa okanye ukufa kungaphelanga iintsuku ezi-6 emva kokosuleleka. Iimpawu zokuqala zihlala zifana nomkhuhlane, kodwa zihamba ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba ibhaktheriya ifikelela kwingqondo, emva kokufikelela kwigazi, inokubangela ukosuleleka kwengqondo kunye nesifo sokudumba kwenwebu yengqondo, esoloko ibulala. Ukongeza, zonke ezi zinto zibonakalayo zinobuzaza kakhulu kwaye ukuba azichongwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinyangwe, zinokukhokelela ekufeni.

Ngaba kwenzeka njani ukuhambisa

Usulelo kunye Isicatshulwa seBacillus inokwenzeka ngokudibana nezinto okanye izilwanyana ezingcoliswe ziintsholongwane zebacteria, kwiimeko ezininzi ziinkomo, iibhokhwe kunye neegusha. Xa usulelo lwenzeka ngokunxibelelana ne-spores kwaye lukhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu zolusu, usulelo lunokudluliselwa ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Ezinye iindlela zokuhambisa esi sifo kukungenisa inyama okanye isilwanyana esivela kwintsholongwane kunye nokuphefumla i-spores, eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yosasazo kwimeko ye-bioterrorism, umzekelo.Ezi ndlela zimbini zosasazeko azidluliswanga ukusuka emntwini ziye emntwini, nangona kunjalo zithathwa njengezinobuzaza, kuba ibacteria inokufikelela ngokulula egazini, isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba kwaye ibangele iimpawu ezibi kakhulu.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Usulelo lwe-anthrax luyanyangwa kusetyenziswa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ekufuneka esetyenziswe ngokukhokelwa ngugqirha osulelekileyo kunye / okanye ugqirha jikelele. Ukongeza, amayeza anokucetyiswa ukuba anciphise isenzo setyhefu eveliswe kwaye ikhutshwe ziibhaktheriya, oko ke kuthintela ukukhula kwesifo kunye nokuthomalalisa iimpawu.

Isitofu sokugonya se-anthrax asifumaneki kubemi bonke, kuphela kubantu abanethuba elikhulu lokuvezwa ziintsholongwane, njengoko kunjalo emkhosini nakwinzululwazi, umzekelo.

Uthintelo

Njengokuba ii-spores zeli bhaktiriya zingekho kwimeko-bume, kuphela kwiilebhu ekubhekiswa kuzo ukuba zenzelwe imfazwe ukuba kukho imfuneko, iyeza lokuthintela i-anthrax lifumaneka kuphela kubantu abathathwa njengabasemngciphekweni, njengasemkhosini, kwizazinzulu, kwiilabhoratri zobuchwephesha, kubasebenzi belaphu iinkampani zezilwanyana.

Njengoko ibacteria ikwafumaneka kwinkqubo yokugaya okanye kwizinwele zezilwanyana, enye indlela yokuthintela usulelo kukulawula impilo yezilwanyana, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ubukho bentsholongwane kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Kwimeko yokusebenzisa i Isicatshulwa seBacillus Njengendlela ye-bioterrorism, esona sicwangciso silungileyo sokuthintela ukosuleleka kunye nokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo kukugonya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics ezichazwe malunga neentsuku ezingama-60.