Yintoni iAtaxia?

Umxholo

• Yintoni kanye i-ataxia?
• Iindidi kunye nezizathu
• I-ataxia eyifa
• Ataxia efumanekayo
• Idiopathic
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-ataxia?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• I-ataxia iphathwa njani?
• Umgca wezantsi

I-Ataxia ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwimicimbi ngokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha okanye ulawulo. Abantu abane-ataxia bahlala benengxaki ngezinto ezifana nokuhamba, ibhalansi kunye nentetho.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ataxia, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunesizathu esahlukileyo.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga neendidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ataxia, oonobangela, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokhetho olunokwenzeka kunyango.

Yintoni kanye i-ataxia?

I-Ataxia ichaza ukuphazamiseka kolawulo lwemisipha okanye ukulungelelanisa.

Oku kunokuchaphazela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba kubandakanya, kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:

• ukuhamba
• ukutya
• Ndiyathetha
• ukubhala

Indawo yengqondo yokulungelelanisa intshukumo ibizwa ngokuba yi-cerebellum. Itholakala kwisiseko sobuchopho bakho ngaphezu kwe-brainstem.

Ukonakala - okanye ukonakala - kweeseli zemithambo-luvo ngaphakathi okanye malunga ne-cerebellum kunokubangela i-ataxia. Imfuza oyifumana kubazali bakho inokubangela i-ataxia.

I-Ataxia inokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka. Ihlala iqhubela phambili, oko kuthetha ukuba iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ireyithi yokuqhubela phambili inokwahluka ngokwabantu ngabanye nangohlobo lwe-ataxia.

I-Ataxia inqabile. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngabantu abamalunga ne-150,000 kuphela e-United States abanayo.

Iindidi kunye nezizathu

I-Ataxia inokuba:

• Ilifa
• ifunyenwe
• idiopathiki

Apha ngezantsi, siza kuvavanya uhlobo ngalunye lwe-ataxia ngokweenkcukacha kwaye zibangelwa yintoni.

I-ataxia eyifa

Ii-ataxias ezizuzwe njengelifa zikhula ngenxa yotshintsho kwiijeni ezithile ozizuze njengelifa kubazali bakho. Olu tshintsho lungakhokelela ekonakaleni okanye ekonakaleni kwethishu yeethambo, ekhokelela kwiimpawu ze-ataxia.

I-ataxia eyifa ilifa lidluliselwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:

1. Eyona ibalaseleyo. Inye kuphela ikopi yohlobo oluguqulweyo ekufuneka ibenayo imeko. Lo mfuzo unokuzuzwa njengelifa kuwo nawuphi na umzali.
2. Ukuhlaziya. Iikopi ezimbini zemfuza eguqulweyo (enye kumzali ngamnye) ziyafuneka ukuba zibe kule meko.

Eminye imizekelo yee-ataxias ezizuze ilifa yile:

• I-Spinocerebellar ataxia. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-spinocerebellar ataxia. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlelwa ngokwendawo ethile yemfuza eguqukileyo. Iimpawu kunye nobudala apho iimpawu zikhula khona ziyahluka ngohlobo lwe-ataxia.
• I-episodic ataxia. Olu hlobo lwe-ataxia alwenzi nkqubela phambili kwaye endaweni yoko lwenzeka kwiziqendu. Kukho iintlobo ezisixhenxe ezahlukeneyo ze-episodic ataxia. Iimpawu kunye nobude be-ataxia iziqephu ziyahluka ngohlobo.

I-ataxias eyifa ilifa inokubandakanya:

• Atxia kaFriedreich. Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yi-spinocerebellar degeneration, i-ataxia ye-Friedreich yi-ataxia eyifa. Ukongeza kubunzima bokuhamba kunye nokuthetha, izihlunu ezibuthathaka zinokwenzeka. Olu hlobo lwe-ataxia lunokuchaphazela nentliziyo.
• I-Ataxia telangiectasia. Abantu abane-ataxia telangiectasia bahlala benemithambo yegazi emanzi emehlweni nasebusweni. Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-ataxia, abantu abane-ataxia banomdla wokusuleleka kunye nomhlaza.

Ataxia efumanekayo

I-ataxia efumanekayo yenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo evela kwizinto zangaphandle, ezinjengokwenzakala, ngokuchasene nemfuza eyizuze njengelifa.

Eminye imizekelo yezinto ezinokukhokelela ekufumaneni i-ataxia ibandakanya:

• ukwenzakala entloko
• ukubetha
• amathumba achaphazela ingqondo kunye nendawo ejikelezileyo
• usulelo, ezinje nge-meningitis, i-HIV, kunye nerhashalala
• umvakalelo yokitazo
• iimeko ezizimeleyo, ezinjenge-multiple sclerosis kunye ne-paraneoplastic syndromes
• i-thyroid engasebenzi (i-hypothyroidism)
• ukusilela kweevithamini, kubandakanya ivithamini B-12, ivithamin E, okanye i-thiamine
• iimpendulo kumayeza athile, njengeebarbiturates, sedatives, kunye namachiza e-chemotherapy
• ityhefu evela kwizinyithi ezinzima, ezifana nelothe okanye imekyuri, okanye izinyibilikisi, ezinje ngepeyinti encinci
• ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala ixesha elide

Idiopathic

Ngamanye amaxesha akukho sizathu sithile se-ataxia. Kula bantu, i-ataxia ibizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-ataxia?

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ze-ataxia zingabandakanya:

• iingxaki ngokulungelelanisa kunye nokulinganisela, ezinokubandakanya ukungazinzi, ukungazinzi, kunye nokuwa rhoqo
• ingxaki ngemisebenzi emihle yemoto, enjengokubhala, ukuchola izinto ezincinci, okanye ukucofa amaqhosha kwimpahla
• intetho engacacanga okanye engacacanga
• ukungcangcazela okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha
• ubunzima ngokutya okanye ngokuginya
• ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungaqhelekanga, njengokuhamba kancinci okanye okuqhelekileyo kokuhamba kwamehlo okanye i-nystagmus, uhlobo lokuhamba kwamehlo okungazibandakanyi

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba iimpawu ze-ataxia zinokwahluka ngohlobo lwe-ataxia kunye nobukhali bayo.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kuqala acele imbali yakho yonyango. Baza kubuza ukuba unembali yosapho ye-ataxia eyifa.

Basenokubuza malunga namayeza owathathayo kunye nenqanaba lokuselwa kotywala. Baya kuthi emva koko benze uvavanyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo.

Olu vavanyo lunokunceda umboneleli wakho wezempilo ahlole izinto ezinje:

• ulungelelaniso
• ibhalansi
• intshukumo
• Ingqondo
• ukomelela kwezihlunu
• inkumbulo kunye noxinzelelo
• umbono
• ukuva

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukujonga iimvavanyo. Iskena se-CT okanye se-MRI singenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho bakho. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone nakuphi na ukungaqheleki okanye amathumba.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa unobangela we-ataxia yakho, ngakumbi ukuba kungenxa yosulelo, ukunqongophala kweevithamini, okanye i-hypothyroidism.
• Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo). Ngokugqobhoza i-lumbar, isampulu ye-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iqokelelwa phakathi kwe-vertebrae ezimbini kumqolo ongezantsi. Isampulu ke ithunyelwa elebhu ukuvavanywa.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo. Uvavanyo lwe-Genetic luyafumaneka kwiindidi ezininzi ze-ataxias ezizuzwe njengelifa. Olu hlobo lokuvavanya lusebenzisa isampulu yegazi ukubona ukuba ngaba uneenguqu zofuzo ezinxulumene ne-ataxia eyifa.

I-ataxia iphathwa njani?

Unyango oluthile luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-ataxia kunye nokuba lukhulu kangakanani. Kwezinye iimeko zokufumana i-ataxia, ukunyanga oyena nobangela, njengosulelo okanye ukusilela kweevithamini, kunokuzinciphisa iimpawu.

Akukho lunyango kwiindidi ezininzi ze-ataxia. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zongenelelo ezinokunceda ukunciphisa okanye ukulawula iimpawu zakho kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Oku kubandakanya:

• Amayeza. Amanye amayeza anokunceda ukunyanga iimpawu ezenzeka nge-ataxia. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
  • i-amitriptyline okanye i-gabapentin yeentlungu zentliziyo
  • izihlunu eziphumza iintlungu okanye ukuqina
  • antidepressants yoxinzelelo.
• Izixhobo zokunceda. Izixhobo zokunceda zinokubandakanya izinto ezinjengezihlalo ezinamavili kunye nabahambahambayo ukunceda ukuhamba. Izixhobo zonxibelelwano zinokunceda ekuthetheni.
• Ulungiso lwenyama. Unyango lomzimba lunokukunceda ekuhambeni nasekulinganiseni. Inokukunceda ugcine amandla emisipha kunye nokuguquguquka.
• Unyango lwentetho. Ngolu hlobo lonyango, ingcali yokuthetha iya kukufundisa iindlela zokunceda wenze intetho yakho icace.
• Unyango emsebenzini. Unyango emsebenzini lukufundisa ngeendlela ngeendlela onokuzisebenzisa ukwenza lula ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

Umgca wezantsi

I-Ataxia kukuswela ukulungelelaniswa kwemisipha kunye nolawulo. Abantu abane-ataxia banengxaki ngezinto ezinjengokuhamba, imisebenzi emihle yemoto, kunye nokugcina ibhalansi.

I-Ataxia inokufunyanwa njengelifa okanye ifunyenwe, okanye ayinakuba nasizathu esichazayo. Iimpawu, ukuqhubela phambili, kunye nobudala bokuqala ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-ataxia.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukunyanga oyena nobangela kunokukhulula iimpawu ze-ataxia. Amayeza, izixhobo ezincedisayo, kunye nonyango lomzimba zezinye iindlela ezinokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi.

Bona umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unempawu ezifana nokulahleka kokulungelelanisa, intetho edibeneyo, okanye ingxaki yokugwinya engenakuchazwa ngenye imeko.

Umboneleli wakho wezononophelo lwempilo uza kusebenza nawe ukufumanisa imeko yakho kunye nokuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango.