Isikhokelo sonyango lwe-Autism

Umxholo

• Uhlalutyo lokuziphatha olusetyenziswayo
• Unyango lokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo
• Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo
• Unyango lokudibanisa
• Unyango emsebenzini
• Unyango lwentetho
• Amayeza
• Kuthekani ngezinye iindlela zonyango?
• Umgca wezantsi

Yintoni iAuthism?

Ukuphazamiseka kwembonakalo ye-Autism yimeko echaphazela indlela umntu aziphethe ngayo, enxibelelana ngayo, okanye enxibelelana nabanye. Yayidla ngokuqhekeka kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinjenge-Asperger's syndrome. Ngoku iphathwa njengemeko enobubanzi beempawu kunye nobukrakra.

Ngelixa ngoku ibizwa ngokuba yi-autism spectrum disorder, abantu abaninzi basebenzisa igama elithi "autism."

Akukho lunyango lwe-autism, kodwa iindlela ezininzi zinokunceda ukuphucula ukusebenza koluntu, ukufunda, kunye nomgangatho wobomi babo bobabini kunye nabantu abadala abane-autism. Khumbula ukuba i-autism yimeko esekwe kwibala. Abanye abantu banokufuna unyango oluncinci, ngelixa abanye befuna unyango olunzulu.

Kukwabalulekile ukugcina engqondweni ukuba uninzi lophando malunga nonyango lwe-autism lujolise ebantwaneni. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yokuba esele ikho icacisa ukuba unyango lusebenza kakhulu xa luqala ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala emi-3. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lonyango olwenzelwe abantwana lunokunceda nabantu abadala.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga i-autism.

Uhlalutyo lokuziphatha olusetyenziswayo

Uhlalutyo lokuziphatha olusetyenzisiweyo (i-ABA) lolunye lolona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kubantu abadala nakubantwana. Ibhekisa kuthotho lweendlela ezenzelwe ukukhuthaza isimilo esihle usebenzisa inkqubo yomvuzo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-ABA, kubandakanya:

• Uqeqesho lwezilingo olwahlukileyo. Obu buchule busebenzisa uthotho lwezilingo ukukhuthaza ukufunda ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo. Ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kunye neempendulo kuyavuzwa, kwaye iimpazamo azihoywa.
• Ungenelelo lokuziphatha olunamandla kwangoko. Abantwana, ngokubanzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu, basebenza umntu omnye nonyango okanye kwiqela elincinci. Ihlala yenziwa kwisithuba seminyaka eliqela ukunceda umntwana ukuba aphuhlise izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nokunciphisa isimilo esinengxaki, kubandakanya ubundlongondlongo okanye ukuzenzakalisa.
• Uqeqesho lwempendulo ebalulekileyo. Esi sisicwangciso esisetyenziswa kwindawo yemihla ngemihla yomntu efundisa izakhono ezibalulekileyo, ezinje ngenkuthazo yokufunda okanye yokuqalisa unxibelelwano.
• Ukungenelela kokuziphatha. Umgqirha usebenza nomntu ukubanceda baqonde ukuba kutheni kwaye basebenzise njani abantu ulwimi ukunxibelelana nokufumana izinto abazifunayo.
• Inkxaso yokuziphatha efanelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukwenza utshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo ekhaya okanye kwigumbi lokufundela ukuze isimilo esifanelekileyo sizive sinomvuzo ngakumbi.

Unyango lokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo

Ukunyanga ngokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT) luhlobo lonyango oluthethwayo olunokusebenza ngokunyanga i-autism ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala. Ngexesha leeseshoni ze-CBT, abantu bafunda ngonxibelelwano phakathi kweemvakalelo, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni iingcinga kunye neemvakalelo ezibangela ukungaziphathi kakuhle.

Isiphakamiso sokuba i-CBT iluncedo ngakumbi ekuncedeni abantu abane-autism balawule uxinzelelo. Inokubanceda ukuba baziqonde ngcono iimvakalelo kwabanye kwaye bajongane ngcono neemeko zentlalo.

Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo

Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo (SST) yindlela yabantu, ngakumbi abantwana, yokuphuhlisa izakhono zentlalo. Kubantu abathile abane-autism, ukunxibelelana nabanye kunzima kakhulu. Oku kungakhokelela kwimingeni emininzi ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Umntu ophantsi kwe-SST ufunda izakhono ezisisiseko zentlalontle, kubandakanya nendlela yokuqhubeka nencoko, ukuqonda uburharha, kunye nokufunda imikhondo yeemvakalelo. Ngelixa isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ebantwaneni, i-SST isenokusebenza nakwishumi elivisayo nakubantu abadala abakwiminyaka yabo yama-20.

Unyango lokudibanisa

Abantu abane-autism ngamanye amaxesha bachaphazeleka ngokungaqhelekanga kukufakwa kweemvakalelo, ezinje ngokubona, isandi, okanye ivumba. Unyango lokudityaniswa koluntu lusekwe kwithiyori yokuba ezinye zeengqondo zakho ezandisiweyo zenza ukuba kube nzima ukufunda nokubonisa isimilo esihle.

I-SIT izama ukukhupha impendulo yomntu kukhuthazo lweemvakalelo. Ihlala isenziwa yingcali kwezomsebenzi kwaye ixhomekeke ekudlaleni, njengokuzoba esantini okanye ukutsiba ngentambo.

Unyango emsebenzini

Unyango emsebenzini (OT) yintsimi yokhathalelo lwempilo egxile ekufundiseni abantwana nabantu abadala izakhono ezisisiseko abazidingayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Kubantwana, oku kuhlala kubandakanya ukufundisa izakhono ezifanelekileyo zemoto, izakhono zokubhala kunye nezakhono zokuzikhathalela.

Kubantu abadala, i-OT igxile ekuphuhliseni izakhono zokuphila ezizimeleyo, ezinjengokupheka, ukucoca kunye nokuphatha imali.

Unyango lwentetho

Unyango lwentetho lufundisa izakhono zomlomo ezinokunceda abantu abane-autism banxibelelane ngcono. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa kunye neengcali zolwimi zentetho okanye ugqirha wezonyango.

Inokunceda abantwana ukuba baphucule ireyithi kunye nesingqisho sentetho yabo, ukongeza ekusebenziseni amagama ngokuchanekileyo. Inokunceda abantu abadala ukuba baphucule indlela abanxibelelana ngayo malunga neengcinga kunye neemvakalelo.

Amayeza

Akukho amayeza ayilelwe ukunyanga i-autism. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza aliqela asetyenziselwa ezinye iimeko ezinokuthi zenzeke nge-autism anokunceda kwiimpawu ezithile.

Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunceda i-autism iwele kwiindidi ezimbalwa eziphambili:

• Iintsholongwane. Amanye amayeza amatsha e-antipsychotic anokunceda ngobundlongondlongo, ukuzenzakalisa, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha kubantwana nakubantu abadala abane-autism. Kutshanje i-FDA ivume ukusetyenziswa kwe risperidone (Risperdal) kunye neapripiprazole (Abilify) ukunyanga iimpawu zentsholongwane.
• Ukudakumba. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi abane-autism bethatha i-anti-depressants, abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba bayanceda na ngeempawu ze-autism. Okwangoku, kunokuba luncedo ekunyangeni ukunganyanzelekanga okunganyanzelekanga, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kubantu abane-autism.
• Izikhuthazi. Izikhuthazi, ezinje nge-methylphenidate (Ritalin), zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD, kodwa zinokunceda ekufumaneni iimpawu ze-autism, kubandakanya ukungakhathalelwa kunye nokungakhathali. Ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza kunyango lwe-autism kubonisa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abane-autism baxhamla kwizikhuthazi, nangona abanye befumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• IiAnticonvulsants. Abanye abantu abane-autism nabo banesathuthwane, ke ngamanye amaxesha amayeza okuthintela ukosulelwa ngamanye amaxesha amiselweyo.

Kuthekani ngezinye iindlela zonyango?

Zininzi iindlela zonyango ezinganyangekiyo ezizanywa ngabantu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho phando lubanzi lokuxhasa ezi ndlela, kwaye akucaci nokuba ziyasebenza na. Ezinye zazo, ezinje ngonyango lwe-chelation, zinokukwenza okubi kunokulungileyo.

Okwangoku, i-autism yimeko ebanzi ebangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yokuba into ayisebenzi komnye umntu ayithethi ukuba ayizukunceda omnye. Sebenza ngokusondeleyo nogqirha xa ujonga kolunye unyango. Ugqirha olungileyo unokukunceda ujikeleze uphando olujikeleze olu nyango kwaye uphephe iindlela ezinobungozi ezingahambelani nesayensi.

Unyango olunokubakho olufuna uphando oluthe kratya lubandakanya:

• i-gluten-free, ukutya okungenazintambo
• Iingubo ezilinganisiweyo
• imelatonin
• ivithamin C
• I-omega-3 fatty acids
• sifisox
• I-vitamin B-6 kunye ne-magnesium zidibeneyo
• yioxytocin
• Ioyile ye-CBD

Ukuba awuziva ukhululekile ukuthetha ngamanye amayeza nogqirha wakho, cinga ngokukhangela enye ingcali kwezonyango ukukunceda ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Umbutho ongajonganga kwenza nzuzo u-Autism Speaks uyakuvumela ukuba ukhangele uninzi lwezixhobo ze-autism ngurhulumente.

Umgca wezantsi

Autism yimeko entsonkothileyo ngaphandle kwonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye namayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zayo. Sebenza nogqirha wakho ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esona sisebenzayo kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho.