Yintoni i-Autosomal DNA kwaye unokukuxelela ntoni owakho?

Umxholo

• I-Autosomal ephezulu ngokubhekisele kwi-autosomal recessive
• Autosomal ephezulu
• Ilifa
• Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo
• Ilifa
• Imizekelo yeemeko eziqhelekileyo
• Autosomal ephezulu
• Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo
• Uvavanyo lwe-Autosomal DNA
• Iindleko zovavanyo
• Ukuthatha

Phantse wonke umntu-ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo-uzalwa enama-23 ama-chromosomes adluliselwe evela kubazali ngokudityaniswa kwama-chromosomes angama-46.

I-X kunye no-Y, ezona chromosomes zaziwa kakhulu, ziyinxalenye yama-chromosomes amabini angama-23. Zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes zesini kuba zichonga ukuba yeyiphi isondo sendalo ozelwe nayo. (Nangona kunjalo, le kanambambili ayilula njengoko ibonakala.)

Ezinye izibini ezingama-22 zibizwa ngokuba zii-autosomes. Ziyaziwa ngokuba yi-autosomal chromosomes. Ii-Autosomes kunye ne-chromosomes zesondo ziqulathe malunga nama-20,000 ohlobo.

Ezi zofuzo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiipesenti ezingama-99.9 ezifanayo kubo bonke abantu. Kodwa iiyantlukwano ezincinci kwezi zemfuza zichonga yonke imfuzo yakho kunye nokuba ngaba uzizuz 'ilifa iimpawu ezithile kunye neemeko.

I-Autosomal ephezulu ngokubhekisele kwi-autosomal recessive

Ngaphakathi kwezi autosomes ezingama-22 zimbini iindidi zemfuza ezidlula kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezivela kubazali bakho. Ezi ndidi zibizwa ngokuba zii-autosomal ephezulu kunye ne-autosomal recessive. Nalu ulwahlulo olukhawulezileyo lokwahluka.

Autosomal ephezulu

Ngeli candelo, ufuna kuphela olunye lwezi zofuzo ukuze ludluliselwe kuwe ukusuka komnye umzali ukuze ufumane olo phawu. Oku kuyinyani nokuba enye imfuza kwi-autosome efanayo luphawu olwahluke ngokupheleleyo okanye utshintsho.

Ilifa

Masithi utata wakho unekopi enye kuphela yemfuza eguqulweyo yokuba kwimeko ye-autosomal. Umama wakho akenzi njalo. Kukho amathuba amabini kwilifa kule meko, ngalinye linama-50 eepesenti ithuba lokuvela:

• Ufumana ilifa elichaphazelekayo kutata wakho nakwezinye zofuzo kumama wakho ezingachaphazelekanga. Unayo imeko.
• Ufumana ufuzo olungachaphazelekanga kutata wakho kunye nolunye uhlobo lwonyoko olungachaphazelekanga. Awunayo le meko, kwaye awuyena umphathi.

Ngamanye amagama, ufuna kuphela omnye wabazali bakho ukuba agqithise imeko ye-autosomal ephezulu kuwe. Kule meko ingentla, unethuba leepesenti ezingama-50 lokufumana le meko. Kodwa ukuba omnye umzali uneentsholongwane ezimbini ezichaphazelekayo, kukho ithuba leepesenti ezili-100 lokuba uza kuzalwa unalo.

Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana imeko ebalaseleyo ye-autosomal ngaphandle komzali one-gene echaphazelekayo. Oku kwenzeka xa kuguquka into entsha.

Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo

Kwizakhi zofuzo ze-autosomal, ufuna ikopi enye yohlobo olufanayo kumzali ngamnye ukuze imeko okanye imeko ibonakaliswe kwimfuza yakho.

Ukuba umzali omnye udlula kwi-gene ngenxa yendlela eguqukayo, enje ngeenwele ezibomvu, okanye imeko, enjenge-cystic fibrosis, uthathwa njengophetheyo.

Oku kuthetha ukuba awunalo uphawu okanye imeko, kodwa unokuba nalo uhlobo lomkhondo kwaye ungaludlulisela kubantwana bakho.

Ilifa

Kwimeko ye-autosomal exessive condition, kufuneka uzuze njengelifa uhlobo oluchaphazelekayo kumzali ngamnye ukuze ubenayo imeko. Akukho siqinisekiso sokuba kuya kwenzeka.

Masithi bobabini abazali bakho banekopi enye yemfuza ebangela i-cystic fibrosis. Kukho amathuba amane kwilifa, elowo enepesenti engama-25 yamathuba okuvela:

• Ufumana ilifa elichaphazelekayo kutata wakho kunye nofuzo olungachaphazeleki kunyoko. Ungumphathi, kodwa awunayo imeko.
• Ufumana ilifa elichaphazelekayo kunyoko kunye nofuzo olungachaphazelekanga kutata wakho. Ungumphathi kodwa awunayo imeko.
• Ufumana ilifa elingachaphazelekanga kubazali bobabini. Awunayo le meko, kwaye awuyena umphathi.
• Ufumana ilifa elichaphazelekayo kubazali bobabini. Unayo imeko.

Kule meko apho umzali ngamnye anoluhlobo luchaphazelekileyo, umntwana wakhe unethuba lokuphatha elingama-50 eepesenti, ama-25 eepesenti amathuba okuba angabinayo loo meko okanye abe ngumthwali, kunye nepesenti engama-25 yokuba naloo meko.

Imizekelo yeemeko eziqhelekileyo

Nayi eminye imizekelo yeemeko eziqhelekileyo kudidi ngalunye.

Autosomal ephezulu

• Isifo sikaHuntington
• Isifo seMarfan
• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mthubi
• Isifo sezintso se-polycystic

Ukuhlaziywa ngokuzenzekelayo

• icystic fibrosis
• I-sickle cell anemia
• Isifo se-Tay-Sachs (malunga ne-1 kwi-30 yama-Ashkenazi amaJuda athatha uhlobo)
• mzantsiebra
• Isifo sikaGaucher

Uvavanyo lwe-Autosomal DNA

Uvavanyo lwe-Autosomal DNA lwenziwa ngokubonelela ngesampulu ye-DNA yakho-ukusuka esidleleni, ukutshiza, okanye igazi-ukuya kwindawo yovavanyo lwe-DNA. Eli ziko emva koko lihlalutya ukulandelelana kwe-DNA yakho kwaye litshatise iDNA yakho nakwabanye abangenise iDNA yabo yovavanyo.

Indawo enkulu yokugcina indawo yedatha ye-DNA, iziphumo zichanekile ngakumbi. Kungenxa yokuba iziko linedama elikhulu le-DNA xa kuthelekiswa.

Uvavanyo lwe-Autosomal DNA lunokukuxelela okuninzi malunga nookhokho bakho kunye namathuba akho okufumana iimeko ezithile ngenqanaba eliphezulu lokuchaneka. Oku kwenziwa ngokufumana iiyantlukwano ezithile kwimfuza yakho kwaye uzibeka kumaqela ezinye iisampulu zeDNA ezinomahluko ofanayo.

Abo babelana ngookhokho abafanayo baya kuba nolandelelwano lwemfuza olufanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba olu vavanyo lwe-DNA lunokunceda ekulandeleleni i-DNA kunye ne-DNA yezo zinxulumene kakhulu nawe zibuyele apho zaqala khona izakhi zofuzo, ngamanye amaxesha zibuyela kwizizukulwana ezininzi.

Le yindlela le mvavanyo ye-DNA inokucebisa ngayo kwaye yeyiphi imimandla yehlabathi iDNA yakho evela kuyo. Olu lolunye lwezona zixhobo zisebenzisekayo kwiikiti ze-DNA ze-autosomal ezivela kwiinkampani ezinje nge-23andMe, i-AncestryDNA, kunye ne-MyHeritage DNA.

Ezi mvavanyo zinokuxelela malunga neepesenti ezili-100 ezichanekileyo nokuba ungumphathi wesimo osizuze njengelifa okanye unale meko ngokwakho.

Ngokujonga imikhwa yemfuza kwii-chromosomes zakho ze-autosomal, uvavanyo lunokuchonga utshintsho, nokuba lukhulu okanye luphindaphindiwe, olunxulumene nale miqathango.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-autosomal DNA zinokusetyenziswa kwizifundo zophando. Ngolwazi olukhulu lwe-DNA ye-autosomal, abaphandi banokuqonda ngcono iinkqubo ezisemva kokutshintsha kwemfuza kunye neentetho zemfuza.

Oku kunokuphucula unyango lwezifo zemfuza kwaye kukhokelele kubaphandi kufutshane nasekufumaneni unyango.

Iindleko zovavanyo

Iindleko zovavanyo lwe-DNA oluzenzekelayo ziyahluka ngokubanzi:

• 23Ndim. Uvavanyo lokhokho oluqhelekileyo lubiza i-99 yeedola.
• IzinyanyaDNA. Uvavanyo olufanayo oluvela kwinkampani emva kwe-Ancestry.com ye-genealogy website iindleko malunga ne- $ 99. Kodwa olu vavanyo lukwabandakanya idatha yesondlo enokukuxelela ukuba zeziphi ukutya ezilungileyo kulandelelwano lwakho lwe-DNA kunye nento onokuba uyayichaphazela okanye yintoni enokubangela iimpendulo zomzimba wakho.
• MyHindu. Olu vavanyo lufanayo kwi-23andMe lubiza i-79 yeedola.

Ukuthatha

Ii-Autosomes zithwala uninzi lolwazi lwakho lwemfuza kwaye zinokukuxelela okuninzi malunga nookhokho bakho, impilo yakho, kunye nokuba ungowuphi kwinqanaba lobomi lomntu.

Njengokuba abantu abaninzi bethatha iimvavanyo ze-DNA ze-autosomal kwaye itekhnoloji yovavanyo iya ichaneka ngakumbi, iziphumo zolu vavanyo ziya zichaneka ngakumbi. Bakwabeka ukukhanya okubalulekileyo apho ufuzo lwabantu luvela khona.

Unokucinga ukuba usapho lwakho lilifa elithile, kodwa iziphumo ze-autosomal ye-DNA yakho inokukunika ngakumbi ukubonwa kwegranular. Oku kunokuqinisekisa amabali osapho lwakho okanye kude kube ngumngeni kwinkolelo yakho malunga nemvelaphi yosapho lwakho.

Xa kuthathwa kugqithiso olusengqiqweni, ugcino lwedatha enkulu ye-DNA yabantu inokukwazi ukufumana imvelaphi yabantu bokuqala nangaphaya.

Uvavanyo lwe-Autosomal DNA lunokubonelela nge-DNA eyimfuneko ekuphandeni indlela uninzi lweemeko zemfuza, uninzi lwazo oluphazamisa ubomi babantu, ezinokuthi ekugqibeleni zinyangwe okanye zinyangwe.