Uvavanyo lweNgxaki yeBipolar

Umxholo

• Luthini uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwesifo esiyibipolar?
• Isampulu yemibuzo kuvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwesifo se-bipolar
• Loluphi olunye uvavanyo ekufuneka ulwenzile?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ezinokubakho kuvavanyo lwe-bipolar disorder?
• Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwe-bipolar?
• Amayeza
• Olunye ungenelelo lonyango
• Unyango ngengqondo
• Unyango lwasekhaya
• Yise kude

Ushwankathelo

Isifo seBipolar ngaphambili sasibizwa ngokuba sisifo sokudakumba. Kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangela ukuba umntu abe namava aphezulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iimeko eziphantsi kakhulu. Olu tshintsho lunokuchaphazela amandla omntu okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguqukayo yimeko yexesha elide ihlala ichongwa ebusheni okanye ebudaleni.

Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe lezeMpilo yeNgqondo, iipesenti ezi-4.4 zabantu abadala baseMelika kunye nabantwana baya kuba nengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngexesha elithile ebomini babo. Iingcali aziqinisekanga ncam ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Imbali yosapho inokwandisa umngcipheko.

Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wezempilo ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokubonisa iimpawu zesifo esiyi-bipolar. Ukwenza njalo kuya kukunceda ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo.

Funda ukuze ubone ukuba ababoneleli ngezononophelo lwempilo kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo zichonga njani esi sifo.

Luthini uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwesifo esiyibipolar?

Uvavanyo lwangoku lokujonga isifo se-bipolar alwenzi kakuhle. Eyona ngxelo ixhaphakileyo yiphepha lemibuzo elinengxaki yemoods (MDQ).

Kuphononongo lwango-2019, iziphumo zibonise ukuba abantu abafumene amanqaku amahle kwi-MDQ kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nengxaki yomda wobuntu njengoko benokuba nengxaki yokuguquguquka kwengqondo.

Unokuzama kuvavanyo lwe-Intanethi xa ukrokrela ukuba une-bipolar disorder. Olu vavanyo lokuhlola luyakukubuza imibuzo eyahlukeneyo ukumisela ukuba ngaba uneempawu zeempawu zomntu okanye zokudakumba. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezixhobo zovavanyo "zikhule ekhaya" kwaye isenokungabi ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo okuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Iimpawu zokutshintsha kwemood zibandakanya:

Ezi mvavanyo akufuneki zithathe indawo yesifo. Abantu abathatha uvavanyo lokuvavanywa kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neempawu zoxinzelelo kunesiqendu somntu. Ngenxa yoko, isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esiyi-bipolar sihlala sityeshelwa isifo sokudakumba.

Kufuneka iqatshelwe ukuba isifo se-bipolar 1 disorder sifuna kuphela isiqendu somntu. Umntu one-bipolar 1 unakho okanye angaze abe namava oxinzelelo olukhulu. Umntu one-bipolar 2 uya kuba ne-hypomanic episode eyandulelwe okanye elandelwe sisiqendu esikhulu soxinzelelo.

Funa unyango olukhawulezileyo kwangoko ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unehambo enokubangela ukuzenzakalisa okanye ukwenzakalisa abanye, okanye ukucinga ukuzibulala.

Isampulu yemibuzo kuvavanyo lokuvavanywa kwesifo se-bipolar

Eminye imibuzo yovavanyo iya kubandakanya ukubuza ukuba ubuneziqendu zemania kunye noxinzelelo, kunye nendlela abayichaphazele ngayo imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla:

• Kwiiveki ezi-2 ezidlulileyo, ngaba ubudandathekile kangangokuba ubungakwazi ukusebenza okanye ukusebenza kuphela ngobunzima kwaye uzive ubuncinci ezine kwezi zilandelayo?
  • Ukuphulukana nomdla kuninzi lwemisebenzi
  • utshintsho kwisidlo okanye ubunzima
  • ingxaki yokulala
  • ukucaphuka
  • ukudinwa
  • ukungabi nathemba nokungonwabi
  • ingxaki ekujongeni
  • iingcinga zokuzibulala
• Ngaba unotshintsho kwiimvakalelo ezijikeleza phakathi kwamaxesha aphezulu kunye asezantsi, kwaye lihlala ixesha elingakanani la maxesha? Ukuchonga ukuba zihlala ixesha elingakanani inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokufumanisa ukuba umntu unengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuyinyani okanye ukuphazamiseka kubuntu, njengokuphazamiseka komda wobuntu (BPD).
• Ngexesha leziqendu zakho eziphakamileyo, ngaba uziva unamandla ngakumbi okanye unehyper kunaleyo ubuya kuyenza ngexesha lokuqheleka?

Ingcali yezempilo inokunika olona vavanyo lubalaseleyo. Baza kujonga kwakhona ixesha leempawu zakho, nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo, ezinye izifo, kunye nembali yosapho yokwenza isifo.

Loluphi olunye uvavanyo ekufuneka ulwenzile?

Xa ufumana ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-bipolar, indlela eqhelekileyo kukuqala ukhuphe ezinye iimeko zonyango okanye ukuphazamiseka.

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya:

• yenza uvavanyo lomzimba
• iimvavanyo zoku-odola ukujonga igazi kunye nomchamo wakho
• buza malunga neemvakalelo zakho kunye nokuziphatha kuvavanyo lwengqondo

Ukuba umboneleli wakho wezempilo akafumani unobangela wezonyango, banokukuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, enje ngengqondo. Ingcali yezempilo yengqondo inokuyalela amayeza ukunyanga le meko.

Unokudluliselwa kwisazi sengqondo esinokukufundisa iindlela zokukunceda nokulawula ukutshintshwa kwimoya yakho.

Iikhrayitheriya zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuku-uhlelo olutsha lweNgcaciso kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yeNgxaki yeNgqondo. Ukufumana isifo kunokuthatha ixesha-nokuba ziiseshoni ezininzi. Iimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo zihlala zilingana nezinye zeengxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Ixesha lokutshintsha kwemood bipolar alisoloko liqikelela. Kwimeko yokuhamba ngebhayisikile ngokukhawuleza, iimood zisenokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-mania ukuya kuxinzelelo amaxesha amane okanye nangaphezulu ngonyaka. Omnye umntu usenokuba namava “exubeneyo,” apho iimpawu zokuxinezeleka nokudakumba zikhona ngaxeshanye.

Xa imeko yakho itshintshela kwi-mania, unokufumana ukuxothwa ngokukhawuleza kweempawu zokudandatheka okanye ngokukhawuleza uzive ulungile kwaye unamandla. Kodwa kuya kubakho utshintsho olucacileyo kwiimvakalelo, amandla, kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi. Olu tshintsho alusoloko luphambana, kwaye lunokwenzeka ekuhambeni kweeveki ezininzi.

Kwimeko yokuhamba ngebhayisikile ngokukhawuleza okanye iziqendu ezixubeneyo, isifo esiyi-bipolar diagnostic sidinga umntu onamava:

• iveki kwisiqendu se-mania (naliphi na ixesha ukuba usesibhedlele)
• Iintsuku ze-4 ngesiqendu se-hypomania
• Isiqendu esithile esingenelelayo sokudakumba esihlala iiveki ezi-2

Zeziphi iziphumo ezinokubakho kuvavanyo lwe-bipolar disorder?

Zine iindidi zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo, kwaye iikhrayitheriya nganye nganye yahluke kancinane. Ugqirha wakho wezifo zengqondo, ugqirha, okanye ugqirha wengqondo uya kukunceda uchonge ukuba loluphi uhlobo olusekwe kwiimviwo zabo.

Olunye uhlobo lwe-bipolar oluchaziweyo kunye nolungachazwanga kunye nokuphazamiseka okunxulumene nolunye uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Unokuba nalo olu hlobo ukuba iimpawu zakho azidibani nezi ntlobo zintathu zidweliswe apha ngasentla.

Zithini iindlela zokhetho kunyango lwe-bipolar?

Eyona ndlela yokulawula ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neempawu zayo lonyango lwexesha elide. Ababoneleli ngezempilo bahlala bemisela indibaniselwano yamayeza, unyango lwengqondo, kunye nonyango ekhaya.

Amayeza

Amanye amayeza anokunceda ngokuzinzisa imeko. Kubalulekile ukunika ingxelo rhoqo kubaboneleli bakho bezononophelo lwempilo ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye ungaboni naluphi na uzinzo kwiimvakalelo zakho. Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo amiselweyo aquka:

• isimilo, ezifana ne-lithium (Lithobid), i-valproic acid (i-Depakene), okanye i-lamaotrigine (i-Lamictal)
• antipsychotic, njengeolanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), kunye aripiprazole (Abilify)
• iziyobisi, njengePaxil
• i-antidepressant-antipsychotic, ezinje ngeSymbyax, indibaniselwano ye-fluoxetine kunye ne-olanzapine
• amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo, njenge-benzodiazepines (umzekelo, valium, okanye iXanax)

Olunye ungenelelo lonyango

Xa amayeza engasebenzi, ingcali yakho yezempilo yengqondo inokucebisa:

• Unyango lwe-Electroconvulsive (ECT). I-ECT ibandakanya imisinga yombane edluliswa kwingqondo ukuze ibangele ukuxhuzula, okunokunceda kokubini ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo.
• Ukukhutshelwa kwemagnethi yeTranscranial (TMS). I-TMS ilawula imo yabantu abangaphenduliyo kwi-anti-depressants, nangona kunjalo isetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguqukayo kusaqhubeka kwaye kufuneka izifundo ezongezelelweyo.

Unyango ngengqondo

I-Psychotherapy ikwayinxalenye ephambili kunyango lwe-bipolar disorder. Inokwenziwa endaweni yomntu ngamnye, kusapho, okanye kwiqela.

Ezinye ze-psychotherapies ezinokuba luncedo zibandakanya:

• Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT). I-CBT isetyenziselwa ukunceda endaweni yeengcinga ezingalunganga kunye nokuziphatha okuhle, funda indlela yokujamelana neempawu, kunye nokulawula ngcono uxinzelelo.
• Imfundo yengqondo. I-Psychoeducation isetyenziselwa ukukufundisa ngakumbi malunga nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okukunceda ukuba uthathe izigqibo ezingcono malunga nokhathalelo kunye nonyango.
• Unyango lwangaphakathi nolweentlalo (IPSRT). I-IPSRT isetyenziselwa ukukunceda wenze inkqubo yemihla ngemihla ehambelana nokulala, ukutya, kunye nokuzilolonga.
• Thetha unyango. Unyango lwentetho lusetyenziselwa ukukunceda uveze iimvakalelo zakho kwaye uxoxe ngemicimbi yakho ubuso ngobuso.

Unyango lwasekhaya

Olunye utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lweemood kunye nokuhamba rhoqo kwebhayisikile.

Utshintsho lubandakanya ukuzama uku:

• ukuyeka utywala neziyobisi ezisetyenziswa gwenxa
• thintela ubudlelwane obungenampilo
• ufumane umthambo ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku
• fumana ubuncinci iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-9 zokulala ngobusuku ngabunye
• yitya ukutya okusempilweni, okulinganiselayo okunotyebileyo kwiziqhamo nemifuno

Yise kude

Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba amayeza kunye nonyango lwakho azizinciphisi iimpawu zakho. Kwezinye iimeko, i-anti-depressants ingenza iimpawu ze-bipolar zibe zibi nakakhulu.

Kukho amanye amayeza kunye nonyango lokunceda ukulawula imeko. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukunceda ukuba wenze isicwangciso sonyango esisebenza kakuhle kuwe.