Umsebenzi wethambo: Kutheni le nto sinamathambo?

Umxholo

• Wenzani ithambo?
• Inkxaso
• Intshukumo
• Ukukhuselwa
• Ukuveliswa kweseli yegazi kunye nokugcinwa
• Ukugcina
• Iindidi ezi-5 zethambo
• Amathambo amade
• Amathambo amafutshane
• Amathambo acabalele
• Amathambo angaqhelekanga
• Amathambo eSesamoid
• Iindidi zethambo
• Icwecwe
• Isiponji
• Iindidi zeeseli zamathambo
• Iiseli zemesenchymal stem
• Osteoblasts
• Osteocyte
• Osteoclasts
• Ukuthatha

Abantu ngabantu bomqolo, oko kuthetha ukuba sinomqolo womqolo, okanye umqolo.

Ukongeza kulomqolo, sikwanenkqubo ebanzi yamathambo eyenziwe ngamathambo kunye nentlala kwakunye nemisipha kunye nemisipha.

Ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngesakhelo somzimba wakho, amathambo asebenza neminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yebhayoloji, njengokukhusela amalungu akho angaphakathi kwingozi nokugcina izondlo eziyimfuneko.

Funda ukuze uphonononge imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zamathambo.

Wenzani ithambo?

Amathambo akhonza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya:

Inkxaso

Ithambo libonelela ngesakhelo esiqinileyo kunye nokuxhasa amanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

Umzekelo, amathambo amakhulu emilenze anika inkxaso kumzimba wakho ongasentla ngelixa umile. Ngaphandle kwamathambo ethu, ngekhe sibe nayo imilo echaziweyo.

Intshukumo

Amathambo nawo adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekushukumeni komzimba wakho, ehambisa amandla ezinciphiso zemisipha.

Imisipha yakho incamathele emathanjeni akho ngeetoni. Xa ikhontrakthi yemisipha yakho, amathambo akho esebenza njengesibindi ngelixa amalungu akho esenza indawo ejikelezayo.

Ukudibana kwamathambo kunye nezihlunu kunegalelo kuluhlu olubanzi lokuhamba komzimba wakho okwaziyo ukukwenza.

Ukukhuselwa

Amathambo akho akhusela uninzi lwamalungu akho angaphakathi. Imizekelo elungileyo yoku ibandakanya indlela ubambo lwakho olujikeleza ngayo amalungu anje ngentliziyo nemiphunga okanye indlela amathambo okhakhayi ajikeleze ngayo ingqondo yakho.

Ukuveliswa kweseli yegazi kunye nokugcinwa

Iiseli ezininzi zegazi elibomvu - iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeplatelets - zenziwa ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yihematopoiesis, kwaye yenzeka kwinxalenye yomongo wethambo lakho obizwa ngokuba ngumongo obomvu.

Ukugcina

Izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengecalcium nephosphorus, zigcinwa emathanjeni akho. Xa umzimba wakho ufuna ezinye zezi zixhobo, zinokukhutshwa zibuyele kwigazi lakho ukuze zisetyenziswe.

Ukongeza kumongo obomvu, amathambo aqukethe nolunye uhlobo lomongo obizwa ngokuba ngumongo omthubi. Kulapho kugcinwa khona izicwili ezinamafutha. Amafutha akule tishu anokuqhekezwa kwaye asetyenziselwe amandla xa kufuneka njalo.

Iindidi ezi-5 zethambo

Amathambo omzimba wakho ahlulwe aba ziindidi ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe kubume nokusebenza kwabo.

Amathambo amade

Njengoko igama labo lisitsho, amathambo amade made kunokuba abanzi. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• I-femur (ithambo lethanga)
• ihumerus (ithambo lengalo ephezulu)
• amathambo eminwe neenzwane zakho

Umsebenzi wamathambo amade ujolise ekuxhaseni ubunzima bomzimba wakho kunye nokuququzelela ukuhamba komzimba wakho.

Amathambo amafutshane

Amathambo amafutshane anomlinganiso olinganayo kwaye amile ngokungathi yityhubhu. Imizekelo inokufumaneka kumathambo ezihlahla zakho kunye namaqatha.

Amathambo amafutshane abonelela ngozinzo esihlahleni nakwilungu lamaqatha kunye nokunceda ukuhambisa iintshukumo ezithile.

Amathambo acabalele

Amathambo asicaba awasicaba, kodwa acekeceke kwaye ajika kancinane. Imizekelo yamathambo asicaba afaka:

• amathambo e-cranial
• iscapula (ithambo lamagxa)
• iimbambo

Amathambo asicaba ahlala ekhusela amalungu akho angaphakathi. Cinga ngendlela amathambo akho e-cranial ajikeleze ngokuqinileyo ubuchopho bakho.

Amathambo asicaba anokusebenza njengamanqaku okuncamathisela izihlunu zakho. Ithambo lakho lamagxa ngumzekelo olungileyo woku.

Amathambo angaqhelekanga

Amathambo angaqhelekanga omzimba wakho aneendlela ezahlukileyo ezihlala zintsokothile. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Umqolo
• amathambo e-pelvic
• amathambo amaninzi obuso bakho

Njengamathambo asicaba, umsebenzi wamathambo angaqhelekanga kukukhusela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho. Umzekelo, ii-vertebrae zakho zikhusela intambo yakho yomqolo.

Amathambo eSesamoid

Amathambo eSesamoid mancinci kwaye ajikeleze ukumila. Zifumaneka kuwo wonke umzimba, ikakhulu ezandleni, ezinyaweni, nasemadolweni.

Into enomdla kukuba, ukubekwa kwabo kuyahluka ngokwamntu. I-patella (i-kneecap) ngumzekelo wethambo le-sesamoid ebonakalayo emzimbeni.

Iisesamoids ngamathambo abumba ngaphakathi kwithenda kunye namathambo ajikelezwe ziitoni, ezidibanisa umsipha nethambo. Ziyanceda ukukhusela imisipha ekonakaleni nasekukhaleni nasekuthomalaliseni uxinzelelo xa kusetyenziswa ilunga.

Banika ithuba lokuchaphazela izihlunu kunye neetoni apho zibekwe khona.

Iindidi zethambo

Amathambo akho enziwe ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zethishu.

Icwecwe

Ithambo elixineneyo ligobolondo elingaphandle lethambo. Yenziwe ngamanqanaba amaninzi apakishwe ngokusondeleyo kwethambo leethambo.

Ithambo elidityanisiweyo liqukethe umjelo ophakathi oqhuba ubude bethambo, uhlala ubizwa ngokuba ngumjelo waseHaversian. Imijelo yaseHaversian ivumela imithambo yegazi kunye neminye imithambo ukuba ingene ethanjeni.

Isiponji

Ithambo le-Spongy alixinene njengethambo elihlangeneyo kwaye lijongeka kakhulu njengeqanda lobusi. Inemingxunya ebambe umongo wethambo obomvu okanye utyheli.

Ithambo lesiponji likwabalulekile nasekuhambeni. Ukuba zonke izihlunu zethambo lakho bezidibene, ubuya kuba nzima ukushukuma! Ithambo lesiponji liyanceda ukufunxa ukothuka kunye noxinzelelo lwentshukumo.

Iindidi zeeseli zamathambo

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeeseli ezikhoyo emathanjeni akho.

Iiseli zemesenchymal stem

Ezi ziiseli zeziqu ezifumaneka emathanjeni akho. Banokukhula babe ziindidi zeeseli ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ne-osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Ezi iiseli zivela kwiiseli ze-mesenchymal stem. Basebenza ukufaka i-collagen kunye neemaminerali eziya kuthi ekugqibeleni zenze ithambo eliqolileyo.

Xa bekwenzile oku, ii-osteoblast zinokuba siseli kumphezulu wethambo, zikhule zibe yi-osteocyte, okanye zife yinkqubo yendalo ebizwa ngokuba yi-apoptosis.

Osteocyte

Ii-osteocyte zibanjiswe ngaphakathi kwethambo lesithambo kwaye lolona hlobo lweseli luxhaphake kakhulu kwizicubu zethambo ezivuthiweyo. Bajonga izinto ezinje ngoxinzelelo, ubunzima bethambo, kunye nomxholo wezondlo.

Kukwabalulekile ekutyikityeni ngexesha lokulungiswa kwamathambo, inkqubo yokubuyisela amathambo kunye nokuveliswa kwethambo elitsha elinokulandela.

Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts iiseli ezinkulu. Bafaka iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-ion kunye nee-enzymes ezivumela ukuba izicwili zamathambo ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona. Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izicwili zethambo ezintsha.

Ukuthatha

Amathambo akho enza okungaphezulu kunenkxaso yomzimba wakho. Ziququzelela intshukumo, zibonelela ngokhuseleko kumalungu angaphakathi, kwaye zibalulekile ekwakheni iiseli zegazi kunye nasekugcinweni kwezondlo.

Amathambo akho ahlelwa ngokobungakanani kunye nokusebenza kwawo. Ngaphakathi, amathambo aqukethe izicwili ezahlukeneyo kunye neeseli. Onke la macandelo asebenza kunye ukwenza amathambo akho abe sisicwili semisebenzi emininzi.