Uvavanyo lweCancer yamabele: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ngeMpilo yakho yebele

Umxholo

• Isisombululo
• I-ultrasound yamabele
• Isifuba sebele
• Iskena seMRI yebele
• Uvavanyo lokujonga umhlaza wamabele
• Ukufumana uluvo lwesibini
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

Umhlaza wamabele uqala xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhula kwaye zikhule ngokungalawulekiyo kwizicubu zamabele. Isiphumo sahlukile kumfazi ngamnye, ngenxa yoko ukubonwa kwangoko kubalulekile.

I-American College of Physicians icebisa ukuba abasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-49 ubudala bathethe nogqirha wabo malunga nokuba baqalise na ukufumana iimammograms ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Bakwacebisa ukuba abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni ophakathi womhlaza wamabele abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-74 bafumane ihlolwe qho ngeminye iminyaka.

I-American Cancer Society ichaza iingcebiso ezahlukileyo zokuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele, kunye neemammograms zonyaka eziqala kwiminyaka eyi-45 (okanye kungekudala ukuba unembali yosapho yomhlaza wamabele).

Ukuba ungumfazi omncinci ongekaqali ukufumana iimammograms ezicwangcisiweyo rhoqo, kubalulekile ukuba uqhelane namabele akho ukuze ukwazi ukubona naluphi na utshintsho kuwo kwaye uwaxele kugqirha wakho.

Oku kunokukunceda ukuba uqaphele amaqhuma, ukuncipha, ingono eguqulweyo, ubomvu, kunye nolunye utshintsho kumabele akho. Ugqirha wakho unokuqhuba uvavanyo lwebele lweklinikhi kuvavanyo lonyaka.

Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lokuchonga lunceda ekuchongeni nasekufumaneni umhlaza wamabele kwangoko. Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngezi mvavanyo.

Isisombululo

Kucetyiswa ii-mammograms zonyaka kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-45 nangaphezulu, kodwa ungaqala ukukroba kwangama-40 eminyaka. I-mammogram yi-X-ray ethatha kuphela imifanekiso yamabele. Le mifanekiso inceda oogqirha bachonge okungaqhelekanga emabeleni akho njengobunzima, obunokubonisa umhlaza.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ukungaqheleki kwi-mammogram yakho akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza wamabele, kodwa unokufuna uvavanyo oluthe kratya.

I-ultrasound yamabele

I-ultrasound luvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuvelisa imifanekiso engaphakathi komzimba wakho. Ukuba i-mammogram yakho ifumanisa ubunzima, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-ultrasound ukuqhubela phambili ukubonisa ubunzima. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-ultrasound ukuba kukho isigaxa esibonakalayo esifubeni sakho.

Ii-Ultrasound zinceda oogqirha ukuba babone ukuba isigaxa okanye ubunzima ngaba lulwelo okanye luqinile. Ubunzima obuzaliswe ngamanzi abonisa i-cyst, engabonakaliyo.

Olunye uluvo lunokudityaniswa nolwelo kwaye luqinile, oluqhelekileyo lube luhle kodwa lunokufuna ukuba kulandelwe ixesha elifutshane okanye isampulu kuxhomekeke kwinto ebonakala ngathi ngumfanekiso we-ultrasound.

Ukwenza isifuba se-ultrasound, ugqirha wakho ubeka ijeli kwisifuba sakho kwaye asebenzise iproseshi ephathekayo ukwenza umfanekiso wesicwili sakho sebele.

Isifuba sebele

I-biopsy isusa isampuli yethishu kwintlama okanye ubunzima ukuze ichonge ukuba ingaba ngumhlaza okanye unobungozi. Oku kudla ngokuba yinkqubo yotyando lwangaphandle.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza i-biopsy yebele, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-tumor. Ukuba ithumba lincinci kwaye alithandabuzi, ugqirha okanye ugqirha we-radiologist unokuqhuba inaliti yokuvavanywa.

Ugqirha owenza inkqubo ufaka inaliti esifubeni sakho kwaye ususe isampulu yesiqwengana sesicubu. Oku kunokwenziwa okanye ngaphandle kwesikhokelo sokucinga ngokuya ngengcebiso kagqirha wakho.

Unokufuna i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa kwiimeko ezithile. Oku kususa lonke okanye inxenye yesigaxa. Ugqirha unokususa naziphi na ii-lymph node ezandisiweyo.

Ezi biopsies zihlangene zenza umgangatho wegolide wokuvavanya izicubu:

• I-biopsy yokufuna inaliti elungileyo: Olu hlobo lwe-biopsy lusetyenziswa xa iqhuma liqinile. Ugqirha ufaka inaliti ebhityileyo kwaye ubuyise isiqwenga seethambo ukuze sifundwe ngugqirha wezifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokufuna uvavanye isikhumba esikrokrisayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba awukho umhlaza kwi-cyst.
• I-biopsy yenaliti engundoqo: Le nkqubo kubandakanya ukusebenzisa inaliti enkulu kunye netyhubhu ukukhupha isampulu yethishu ukuya kubungakanani bepeni. Inaliti ikhokelwa yimvakalelo, i-mammography, okanye i-ultrasound. Ukuba owasetyhini unokufumana eyona nto ibonwa yi-mammogram, emva koko kuya kwenziwa i-mammogram ekhokelwa yi-biopsy. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-biopsy yebele ye-stereotactic.
• Utyando (okanye "uvule") i-biopsy: Kolu hlobo lwe-biopsy, ugqirha osusa ugqirha ususa inxenye (i-incisional biopsy) okanye zonke (i-excisional biopsy, ububanzi bendawo, okanye i-lumpectomy) yesigaqa sovavanyo phantsi kwemicroscope. Ukuba isigaxa sincinci okanye kunzima ukusifumana ngokuthinta, ugqirha unokusebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yindawo yocingo ukwenza imephu kwindlela eya kubunzima ngaphambi koqhaqho. Ucingo lunokufakwa ngesikhokelo se-ultrasound okanye isikhokelo se-mammogram.
• Isentinel node biopsy: I-sentinel node biopsy yi-biopsy evela kwi-lymph node apho umhlaza kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke kuqala. Kwimeko yomhlaza webele, i-sentinel node biopsy ihlala ithathwa kwii-lymph node kwi-axilla, okanye kummandla wekhwapha. Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukunceda ukumisela ubukho bomhlaza kwii-lymph node kwicala lesifuba elichaphazelekayo ngumhlaza.
• I-biopsy ekhokelwa ngumfanekiso: Kwi-biopsy ekhokelwa ngumfanekiso, ugqirha usebenzisa ubuchule bokucinga njenge-ultrasound, mammogram, okanye iMRI ukwenza umfanekiso wexesha lokwenyani lommandla osolisayo ongenakubonwa ngokulula okanye uve kulusu lwakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa lo mfanekiso ukunceda ukukhokela inaliti kwindawo efanelekileyo yokuqokelela iiseli ezikrokrisayo.

Uhlalutyo lwezi biopsies lunokunceda ugqirha wakho amisele inqanaba lomhlaza wakho, iimpawu zethumba, kunye nendlela umhlaza wakho oza kuphendula ngayo kunyango oluthile.

Iskena seMRI yebele

Iskena seMRI yesifuba ayisisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokujonga umhlaza wamabele ngenxa yomngcipheko ophezulu kwiziphumo zobuxoki. Kodwa ukuba unemingcipheko yomhlaza webele, njengononophelo ugqirha unokucebisa ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI ngeemammograms zakho zonyaka.

Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa umazibuthe kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa umfanekiso ongaphakathi kwamabele akho.

Uvavanyo lokujonga umhlaza wamabele

Emva kokuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza webele, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuchonga inqanaba lakho. Ukwazi inqanaba yindlela ugqirha wakho aligqiba ngayo elona khondo liphezulu lonyango. Ukubeka isiteji kuxhomekeke kubungakanani besisu kwaye nokuba sinwenwe ngaphandle kwebele.

Iiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeka kwii-lymph node zingahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqokelela, ugqirha unokuyalela inani elipheleleyo legazi kwaye enze i-mammogram yesinye isifuba sakho ukujonga iimpawu zethumba.

Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa naluphi na olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukumisela ubungakanani bomhlaza wakho kunye nokunceda ekufumaneni isifo:

• Ukuskena amathambo: Umhlaza we-metastasized can spread to the bones. Ukuvavanywa kwethambo kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba akhangele amathambo akho kubungqina beeseli ezinomhlaza.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT: Olu lolunye uhlobo lweX-reyi yokwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngamalungu akho. Ugqirha wakho unokusebenzisa i-CT scan ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazekile kwizitho ezingaphandle kwebele, njengesifuba sakho, umphunga, okanye indawo yesisu.
• Ukuskena iMRI: Nangona olu vavanyo lwe-imaging alusisixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokujonga umhlaza, luyasebenza ekumiseleni umhlaza wamabele. I-MRI yenza imifanekiso yedijithali yamalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba wakho. Inokukunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba ngaba iiseli ezinomhlaza zisasazekile kwintambo yakho yomqolo, ingqondo kunye namanye amalungu.
• Ukuskena i-PET: Uvavanyo lwe-PET luvavanyo olwahlukileyo. Ugqirha wakho utofa idayi kwimithambo yakho. Njengoko idayi ihamba emzimbeni wakho, ikhamera ekhethekileyo ivelisa imifanekiso emi-3-D engaphakathi komzimba wakho. Oku kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba achonge indawo yamathumba.

Ukufumana uluvo lwesibini

Ukufumana uluvo lwesibini ngexesha lokhathalelo lomhlaza kuqhelekile. Ngumbono olungileyo ukufumana uluvo lwakho lwesibini ngaphambi kokuqala unyango, kuba uluvo lwesibini lunokutshintsha isifo sakho kwaye ke unyango lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana uluvo lwesibini nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lonyango lwakho.

Ngexesha lokhathalelo lwakho lomhlaza, cinga ngokucela uluvo lwesibini kwezi meko:

• emva kokuba ingxelo yakho yezifo igqityiwe
• ngaphambi kotyando
• Ngelixa ucwangcisa unyango emva kotyando
• Ngexesha lonyango ukuba ukholelwa ukuba kungakho isizathu sokutshintsha ikhondo lonyango lwakho
• emva kokugqiba unyango, ngakumbi ukuba awuzange ubuze uluvo lwesibini ngaphambi kokuqala unyango

Ukuthatha

Ukuba i-mammogram yakho okanye uvavanyo lweklinikhi luphakamisa inkxalabo, qiniseka ukuba uyalandela nezinye iimvavanyo zokuqonda isifo. Umhlaza webele uyanyangeka, kodwa ungabeka ubomi emngciphekweni xa ungafumaneki kwangethuba.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ngolwazi malunga novavanyo lonyaka, ngakumbi ukuba unembali yobuqu okanye yosapho yomhlaza wamabele.