Umhlaza wezintso: iimpawu, isifo kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Utyando
• 2. Unyango lwebhayoloji
• 3. Ukudibanisa
• 4. Unyango ngemitha
• Ngubani osengozini enkulu

Umhlaza wezintso, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wezintso, luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza oluchaphazela ikakhulu amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-75 ubudala, ebangela iimpawu ezinje ngobukho begazi kumchamo, iintlungu ezingapheliyo emqolo okanye ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi, umzekelo.

Ngokubanzi, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wezintso yi-renal cell carcinoma, enokunyangeka ngokulula ngokuhlinzwa, ukuba ichongwe kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza sele uvelise i-metastases, unyango kunokuba nzima ngakumbi, kwaye kunokuba yimfuneko ukwenza olunye unyango, njengonyango lwemitha, ukongeza kutyando.

Iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso

Iimpawu zomhlaza wezintso aziqhelekanga kumanqanaba okuqala esi sifo, kodwa njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, ezinye iimpawu zingavela, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Igazi kumchamo;
• Ukudumba okanye ubunzima kummandla esiswini;
• Iintlungu eziqhubekayo emazantsi omqolo;
• Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo;
• Ukuhla kwesisindo rhoqo;
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi rhoqo.

Ukongeza, njengoko izintso zinoxanduva lokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nemveliso ye-erythrocyte, utshintsho ngesiquphe kumaxabiso egazi luqhelekile, kunye nokunyuka okuphawulweyo okanye ukwehla kwenani leerythrocyte kuvavanyo lwegazi.

Ukuba ezi mpawu zivela kubalulekile ukuba ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wezono ukuvavanya ukuba ngaba ikhona ingxaki enokubangela iimpawu kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka, ukufumanisa umhlaza kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukuququzelela unyango.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuvavanya okwenzekayo kwizintso kunye nokuhlalutya i-hypothesis yomhlaza, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-ultrasound, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-computed tomography okanye i-magnetic resonance, umzekelo.

I-Ultrasound idla ngokuba luvavanyo lokuqala ukuyalelwa, njengoko kunceda ekuchongeni nasekuvavanyeni ubunzima obunokubakho kunye nee-cysts kwizintso, ezinokubonisa umhlaza. Olunye uvavanyo, kwelinye icala, lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okanye ukungeniswa kwesi sifo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lomhlaza wezintso luxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nokukhula kwethumba, kodwa iindlela eziphambili zonyango zibandakanya:

1. Utyando

Yenziwa phantse kuzo zonke iimeko kwaye inceda ukususa indawo echaphazelekayo kwizintso. Ke ngoko, xa umhlaza uchongiwe kwangethuba, utyando inokuba kuphela kwendlela yokunyanga efunekayo, njengoko inokuthi isuse zonke iiseli zomhlaza kwaye inyange umhlaza.

Kwiimeko eziphambili zomhlaza, utyando lunokusetyenziswa kunye ne-radiotherapy, umzekelo, ukunciphisa ubungakanani besisu kunye nokwenza lula unyango.

2. Unyango lwebhayoloji

Kolu hlobo lonyango, amayeza anjengeSunitinib, iPazopanib okanye iAxitinib asetyenziswa, aqinisa amajoni omzimba kwaye aququzelele ukupheliswa kweeseli zomhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lonyango alusebenzi kuzo zonke iimeko kwaye, ke, ugqirha unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ngexesha lonyango ukulungisa iidosi kunye nokuyeka ukusetyenziswa kwezi ziyobisi.

3. Ukudibanisa

Obu buchule buhlala busetyenziswa kwimeko zomhlaza ezihambele phambili xa imeko yempilo yomntu ingakuvumeli utyando, kwaye ithintela ukuhanjiswa kwegazi lisiya kwingingqi echaphazelekayo yezintso, imbangela ukuba afe.

Ukwenza oku, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-catheter, kumthambo we-groin kwaye uyikhokelele kwizintso. Emva koko, utofa into eyenza ukuba ukwazi ukuvala imithambo yegazi kunye nokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi.

4. Unyango ngemitha

Unyango lwe-radiation luhlala lusetyenziswa kwimeko yomhlaza kunye ne-metastasis, njengoko isebenzisa i-radiation ukulibazisa ukukhula komhlaza kunye nokuthintela i-metastases ekuqhubekeni nokukhula.

Olu hlobo lonyango luhlala lusetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando ukwenza ithumba lincinci kwaye kube lula ukulisusa, okanye emva koko, ukuphelisa iiseli zomhlaza ezingaphumelelanga ukususwa ngotyando.

Nangona kufuneka imizuzu embalwa nje yonyango yonke imihla, unyango ngemitha luneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi ezinjengokudinwa okugqithisileyo, urhudo okanye ukuziva uhlala ugula.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu

Umhlaza wezintso, ukongeza ekubeni uqheleke emadodeni emva kweminyaka engama-60, uqheleke kakhulu kubantu abane:

• I-BMI enkulu kune-30 Kg / m²;
• Igazi elonyukayo;
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wezintso;
• Izifo zemfuzo, ezinjengeVon Hippel-Lindau syndrome;
• Abatshayayo;
• Ukutyeba kakhulu.

Ukongeza, abo bafuna unyango lwe-dialysis ukucoca igazi, ngenxa yezinye iingxaki zezintso, basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokukhula kolu hlobo lomhlaza.