Ukuxolelwa komhlaza: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Kuthetha ntoni ukuxolelwa komhlaza?
• Uxolelo lumiselwa njani?
• Kutheni le nto unokufuna unyango ngelixa uxolelwe
• Imbonakalo yabantu abaxolelweyo
• Ukuthatha

Kuthetha ntoni ukuxolelwa komhlaza?

Ukuxolelwa komhlaza kuxa imiqondiso kunye neempawu zomhlaza zinciphile okanye zingabonakali.

Kwimihlaza enxulumene negazi efana neleukemia, oku kuthetha ukuba uyakuncipha kwinani leeseli zomhlaza. Kwizilonda eziqinileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani be-tumor buyehla. Ukwehla kufuneka kuhlale ubuncinci kwinyanga enye ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo uxolelo.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxolelwa:

• Inxalenye. Ukuncitshiswa ubuncinci beepesenti ezingama-50 kubungakanani besisu okanye umhlaza weseli
• Gqibezela. Bonke ubungqina obubonakalayo bomhlaza buhambile.
• Ngokuzenzekelayo. Xa umhlaza ungena kuxolelo ngaphandle konyango uthathelwa ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kukhokelele uxolelo. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka emva komkhuhlane okanye usulelo, kwaye kunqabile.

Uxolelo alunyango, kwaye oko akuthethi ukuba awunamhlaza kwaphela. Nokuba uxolelo luphelele, kunokubakho iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wakho, kwaye ezi zinokuqala ukukhula kwakhona.

Uxolelo lumiselwa njani?

Ukuxolelwa komhlaza kumiselwe kuvavanyo lwegazi, kuvavanyo lokucinga, okanye kwi-biopsy, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lomhlaza. Ngexesha lonyango, umhlaza wakho uza kujongwa ngononophelo ukuze ugqirha wakho akwazi ukubona nakuphi na ukuncitshiswa kweempawu zomhlaza. Olu kunciphiso kufuneka luhlale ubuncinci inyanga ukuba umhlaza wakho uthathelwe ingqalelo uxolelo.

Kutheni le nto unokufuna unyango ngelixa uxolelwe

Ngenxa yokuba kusekho iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wakho naxa uxolelwe, unokuba nonyango ngexesha lokuxolelwa. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba iiseli zomhlaza ezisele ziya kuqala ukukhula kwakhona.

Nokuba unayo okanye awunayo unyango ngexesha lokuxolelwa, uya kujongwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza wakho awusebenzi kwakhona.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lonyango ngexesha lokuxolelwa lulondolozo lwe-chemotherapy. Le chemo inikwa rhoqo ukunqanda umhlaza ukusasazeka.

Unyango lwesondlo akufuneki lukwenze uzive ubi ngakumbi. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziqala ukuba zininzi kuwe, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukususa kunyango lwesondlo.

Unyango lolondolozo lusenokungasebenzi ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwimeko apho ugqirha wakho angayeka unyango ukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza wakho awumelani ne-chemo.

Imbonakalo yabantu abaxolelweyo

Kwabanye abantu, ukuxolelwa komhlaza kunokuhlala ubomi bonke. Abanye banokubuyela umhlaza wabo, oko kubizwa ngokuba kukuphindeka.

• Indawo. Umhlaza ubuyela kwindawo owawufunyenwe kuyo ekuqaleni.
• Ingingqi. Umhlaza ubuyela kwii-lymph node kunye nezicubu ezikufutshane nendawo yokuqala yomhlaza.
• Ukude. Umhlaza ubuyela kwezinye iindawo kuwo wonke umzimba (ukugcotywa komzimba).

Ithuba lokuphindaphinda lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lomhlaza onawo, loluphi inqanaba lomhlaza ofunyenwe kuwo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Akukho ndlela inye yokutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umhlaza wakho uza kubuya na. Nangona kunjalo, iicancer eziye zafunyaniswa kwinqanaba lasemva kwexesha okanye umhlaza ngokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node kunokwenzeka ukuba ziphinde zibuye.

Ukuhlala usempilweni yeyona ndlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda okanye umhlaza wesibini. Ithetha ukuba:

• ukugcina ubunzima obunempilo
• ukutya ukutya okusempilweni, kunye neziqhamo ezininzi, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo
• ukuhlala usebenza, kangangoko unako
• ukuyeka ukutshaya, ukuba uyatshaya
• ukusela kuphela ngokumodareyitha; oku kuthetha ukuba akukho ngaphezulu kwesiselo esinye ngemini kubafazi kwaye kungabikho ngaphezulu kweziselo ezimbini ngosuku ngamadoda.
• ukukhathalela impilo yakho yengqondo, nokuba kukuwenza ixesha lezinto ozithandayo okanye ukuzimanya neqela lenkxaso lomhlaza

Imbonakalo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza. Ezona nkcukacha-manani zixhaphakileyo ozibonayo yiminyaka emi-5 okanye eli-10 izinga lokusinda, eyipesenti yabantu abanolo hlobo lomhlaza abasaphilayo kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye elishumi emva kokufunyaniswa.

A isilinganiselo sokuphila uthelekisa abantu bohlobo olufanayo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza kubantu abemi bebonke. Ukuba iminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwesihlobo esithile somhlaza yiipesenti ezingama-20, oko kuthetha ukuba abo banesifo somhlaza bamalunga neepesenti ezingama-20 njengabantu abangenawo loo mhlaza ukuba baphile iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa.

Ezi zibalo azithathi ngqalelo nokuba umntu ukhululiwe okanye usafumana unyango, ngoko akufani ngokufanayo nokuba uxolelwe. Kodwa ekubeni uxolelo aluthethi ukuba uphilisiwe, ezi zibalo zingakunika umbono woluhlobo lomhlaza.

Imbonakalo yeentlobo ezintlanu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza zezi:

• Umhlaza wamaphaphu ongekho mncinci: Umyinge weminyaka emi-5 wokuphila ngokumalunga nawo onke amabakala, ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ngama-23 eepesenti. Izinga lokusinda elihambelanayo liipesenti ezingama-60 zomhlaza wamaphaphu wendawo kunye neepesenti ezingama-6 zomhlaza wemiphunga owawusetyenziswe ngexesha lokuxilongwa.
• Umhlaza webele: Umyinge weminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwesihlobo ngama-90 eepesenti kunye nenqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka eli-10 ngama-83 eepesenti. Amanqanaba okusinda aphantsi ukuba umhlaza ufumaneka kwinqanaba elizayo okanye ukuba kukho ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node.
• Umhlaza womzimba: Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emi-5 liipesenti ezingama-65. Iqondo lesifo somhlaza eselapha ngaphakathi liipesenti ezingama-90, iipesenti ezingama-71 ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwizicwili okanye ii-lymph node, kunye neepesenti ezili-14 ukuba umhlaza usasazeka kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.
• Umhlaza webala lobudoda: Kumadoda anomdlavuza wasekhaya okanye wengingqi, umlinganiso wokusinda kweminyaka emi-5 phantse ube liipesenti ezili-100 kunye nenqanaba lokusinda kweminyaka eli-10 ngama-98 eepesenti. Ireyithi yokusinda yeminyaka emi-5 ukuba umhlaza wedlala lobudoda wawusenziwa ngemetastasized ngexesha lokuchongwa ngama-30 epesenti.
• Umhlaza wesisu: Umyinge weminyaka emi-5 yokusinda kwesihlobo kuwo onke amabakala ziipesenti ezingama-31. Eli nqanaba liipesenti ezingama-68 zomhlaza wesisu kunye neepesenti ezi-5 zesifo somhlaza wesisu esasisetyenziswe ngexesha lokuxilongwa.

Nokuba ungawuphi uhlobo lomhlaza onawo, ukufumanisa kwangaphambili ukuphindaphinda kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, ukuphindeka kwendawo kunganyangeka. Ukuphindaphinda okukude akunakufaneka ukunyangeka, kodwa ukufumanisa kwangoko kunokunceda ukuyekise ukusasazeka ngakumbi.

Ukuba uxolelwe, kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha iimpawu ezintsha zomhlaza.

Ukuthatha

Ukuxolelwa komhlaza akuthethi ukuba umhlaza uphilisiwe, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza wakho awusoze ubuye. Kweminye, inokuphinda iphinde. Nokuba uxolelo, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele yonke imiyalelo kagqirha kwaye ujonge naziphi na iimpawu zomhlaza ezinokubakho ngokusondeleyo.