Cataract: yintoni, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Iindidi zekati
• 1. I-senile cataract
• 2. Ukuzalwa ngamehlo
• 3. I-cataract eyothusayo
• 4. I-cataract yesibini
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ungathintela njani ukungaboni ngamehlo

I-Cataract sisifo esibuhlungu esichaphazela ilensi yamehlo, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nombono ngokuqhubekayo. Kungenxa yokuba iilensi, ezisisiseko esibonakalayo esibekwe emva komfundi, sisebenza njengelensi kwaye sinxulumene nokugxila kunye nokufunda. Kwi-cataract, ilensi iba opaque kwaye iliso libonakala limhlophe, ukunciphisa umbono oba mnyama kwaye ubangele ukwanda kokuziva ekukhanyeni, umzekelo.

Esona sizathu siphambili sesi sifo kukuguga kwelensi kwaye, ke, kuxhaphakile kubantu abadala, kodwa kunokubangelwa zezinye izinto ezinje ngeswekile, ukusetyenziswa ngokungakhethiyo kwamehlo okanye amayeza ane-corticosteroids, ukubetha , usulelo lwamehlo okanye ukutshaya. Ukutsalwa kwamathambo kuyanyangeka, kodwa kufuneka kwenziwe utyando kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba kufunyaniswe isifo ukuze kuthintelwe ukungaboni kakuhle.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Olona phawu luphambili lwamehlo kukutshintsha kombala wamehlo athi abe mhlophe, kodwa ke ezinye iimpawu ezinokuvela zezi:

• Unzima ukubona nokubona imifanekiso;

• Bona abantu abagqwethekileyo abaneenkcazo ezimfiliba nezingalunganga;

• Bona izinto eziphindiweyo kunye nabantu;

• Umbono ongenangqondo;

• Ukuziva kokubona ukukhanya kukhanya ngamandla ngakumbi kunye nangokubunjwa kwe-halos okanye ii-halos;

• Ukwanda kobuntununtunu ekukhanyeni;

• Ubunzima bokuhlukanisa imibala kakuhle kunye nokuchonga iitoni ezifanayo;

• Utshintsho olwenzeka rhoqo kumgangatho weiglasi.

Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kunye okanye ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye kufuneka zivavanywe ngugqirha wamehlo ukuze enze ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo kwaye afumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Unobangela ophambili wekhathalo kukuguga kwendalo, kuba ilensi yamehlo iqala ukungafihli nto, ibhetyebhetye kwaye ityebile kwaye, ukongeza, umzimba awunako ukondla eli lungu.

Nangona kunjalo, zikho ezinye izizathu, ezinje:

• Ukuvezwa kwemitha okugqithisileyo: imitha yelanga okanye iindawo zokulukisa ulusu kunye neX-reyi zinokuphazamisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo ngamehlo kwaye ke yonyuse umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwamehlo;

• Ukubetha kwiso: Amehlo angenzeka emva kokonzakala esweni njengokuvuthelwa okanye ukwenzakala ngezinto ezingena ezinokubangela ukonakala kwelensi;

• Seswekile: Isifo seswekile sinokubangela utshintsho kwiliso, ngakumbi xa amanqanaba eglucose egazini angaphezulu kwamaxabiso esiqhelo. Jonga olunye utshintsho lwamehlo olubangelwa sisifo seswekile;

• IHypothyroidism: Ukonyuka kokukhanya kwelensi kunokubakho kubantu abane-hypothyroidism kwaye, nangona ingaqhelekanga, kunokubangela isifo samehlo;

• Usulelo kunye neenkqubo ukudumba: Kule meko, izifo ezifana ne-conjunctivitis kunye neemeko zokuvuvukala ezifana ne-uveitis, kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwamehlo;

  
  

• Crisis glaucoma, pathological myopia okanye utyando lwamehlo lwangaphambili: Zombini i-glaucoma kunye nonyango lwayo zingakhokelela kwamehlo, kunye ne-pathological myopia okanye utyando lwamehlo;

• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamayeza: Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza e-counter, ngakumbi i-eye eye iqulethe i-corticosteroids, inokukhokelela kwi-cataract. Yazi ukuba zeziphi ezinye iindlela zokunyanga ezinokubangela ikati;

• Ukungalunganga kosana olungekazalwa: Olunye uguquko kwimfuzo lunokukhokelela kukungaqheleki kwimfuza yamehlo, ukuyekisa ukwakheka kwawo, okunokubangela isifo samehlo.

Ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-cataract ezinje ngokusela kakhulu iziselo ezinxilisayo, ukutshaya, imbali yosapho ngamehlo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokukhuluphala, umzekelo.

Kuxhomekeka kwisizathu, ii-cataract zinokujongwa njengokufunyanwa okanye ukuzalwa, kodwa ezo zizalwa zinqabile kwaye zihlala zivela xa kukho amanye amatyala kusapho.

Iindidi zekati

I-Cataract inokwahlulwa-hlulwa ngokweendidi zazo ngokwesizathu sayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho wamehlo ukuze uchonge uhlobo lwamehlo kunye nokwenza olona nyango lufanelekileyo.

1. I-senile cataract

I-Senile cataract zihambelana nobudala, zihlala zivela emva kweminyaka engama-50 kwaye zenzeka ngenxa yenkqubo yokuguga yendalo.

Zintathu iintlobo zekatala ebuthathaka:

• I-cataract yenyukliya: yenziwe embindini welensi, inika iliso ukubonakala okumhlophe;

• I-Cortical cataract: yenzeka kwimimandla yecala lens kwaye ngokubanzi ayiphazamisani nombono ophakathi;

• I-cataract yangemva kwescapsular: olu hlobo lwe cataract luvela phantsi kwecapsule ejikeleze ilens ngasemva kwaye ihlala inxulunyaniswa nesifo seswekile okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza afana ne-corticosteroids.

2. Ukuzalwa ngamehlo

I-cataract ye-Congenital iyahambelana nokuchaneka kwelensi ngexesha lokukhula kosana, elinokuthi lichaphazele elinye okanye omabini amehlo kwaye linokuchongwa kwakamsinya emva kokuzalwa, lisewadi yokubeleka, kuvavanyo lwamehlo. Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo, kubalulekile ukwenza utyando ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda ukungaboni kakuhle okanye ezinye iingxaki zamehlo ngexesha lokukhula.

Unobangela wesifo sokuzalwa ngamehlo unokuba yimfuza okanye ngenxa yokungalunganga kwiilensi zomntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukongeza kwizifo ze-metabolic ezifana ne-galactosemia, izifo ezifana ne-rubella, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza afana ne-corticosteroids okanye ukungondleki ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umzekelo.

Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-cataract yokuzalwa.

3. I-cataract eyothusayo

Ukuqaqanjelwa sisikizi kuyenzeka kuye nakubani na ngenxa yengozi, ukwenzakala okanye ukwenzakala emehlweni, ezinje ngeembethi, ukubetha okanye ukungena kwezinto emehlweni, umzekelo. Olu hlobo lwesifo samehlo lwenzeka kaninzi emva koxinzelelo, kwaye kungathatha iminyaka ukukhula.

4. I-cataract yesibini

Ukuqala kwesekondari kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezinje ngesifo seswekile okanye i-hypothyroidism okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza afana ne-corticosteroids, umzekelo. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukulandelwa kwezonyango kwezi zifo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhliswa kwamehlo.

Jonga iingcebiso ezili-10 ezilula zokulawula isifo seswekile.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kweengcongconi kwenziwa ngugqirha wamehlo xa kuhlalutywa imbali, amayeza asetyenziswayo, izifo ezikhoyo kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Ukongeza, xa ujonga amehlo ngesixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmoscope, kunokwenzeka ukuba uchaze eyona ndawo ikhoyo kunye nobungakanani bamehlo. Funda ngakumbi ngovavanyo lwamehlo.

Kwimeko yeentsana nabantwana, kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha ngemiqondiso yokuba umntwana unokuba nomqala, njengobunzima bokujonga ngqo kwinto okanye ukuzisa izandla emehlweni rhoqo, ngakumbi xa uvezwe kukukhanya kwelanga. , umzekelo.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-cataract lunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweiglasi okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano ukuphucula ingxaki yombono, nangona kunjalo, unyango kuphela olunokunyanga i-cataract lutyando apho kususwa khona iilensi kwaye kufakwe iilensi endaweni yazo. Funda ngakumbi ngoqhaqho lwamehlo.

Ungathintela njani ukungaboni ngamehlo

Ezinye iindlela zokuthintela zinokuthathwa ukuthintela ukubonakala kwamehlo, anje ngala:

• Yenza iimviwo zamehlo rhoqo;
• Sukusebenzisa amathontsi wamehlo kwaye uthathe amayeza, ngakumbi ii-corticosteroids, ngaphandle kwengcebiso yezonyango;
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ukunciphisa ukubekeka kwimitha yelanga;
• Yeka ukutshaya;
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziselo ezinxilisayo;
• Ukulawula isifo seswekile;
• Gcina ubunzima obulungileyo.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukugcina ukutya okusempilweni okunotye iivithamini A, B12, C kunye no-E, izimbiwa ezinje ngecalcium, i-phosphorus kunye ne-zinc kunye nee-antioxidants ezinje nge-omega 3 ekhoyo kwintlanzi, ulwelwe kunye nembewu efana ne chia kunye neflakisi, Umzekelo, njengoko zinokunceda ekuthinteleni i-cataract kwaye zikhusele namehlo ekwaluphaleni kwendalo.