CD4 vs. Umthwalo wentsholongwane: Yintoni ekwinani?

Umxholo

• Yintoni ubalo lwe-CD4?
• Yintoni umthwalo wentsholongwane?
• Buyintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zimbini?
• Unokuvavanywa kangaphi umntu?
• Kutheni kubalulekile ukuvavanywa rhoqo?
• IiBlips
• Ukuxhathisa iziyobisi
• Kutheni le nto unyango lwe-HIV lubaluleke kangaka?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abane-HIV?

Ubalo lwe-CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane

Ukuba umntu ufumene uxilongo lwe-HIV, zimbini izinto afuna ukuzazi: ubalo lwe-CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini. Ezi zixabiso zinika zona kunye nomboneleli wazo wezempilo ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga:

• impilo yamajoni abo omzimba
• ukuqhubekeka kwe-HIV emzimbeni wabo
• uphendula njani umzimba wabo kunyango lwe-HIV
• iphendula njani intsholongwane kunyango lwe-HIV

Yintoni ubalo lwe-CD4?

Ubalo lwe-CD4 luvavanyo lwegazi lokujonga ubungakanani beeseli ze-CD4 emzimbeni. Iiseli ze-CD4 ziluhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBC). Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumajoni omzimba. Zilumkisa ezinye iiseli zokhuselo lomzimba phambi kobukho bosulelo olufana neentsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane emzimbeni. Iiseli ze-CD4 zikwiseti esezantsi yamajoni omzimba abizwa ngokuba zii-T seli.

Xa umntu ephila ne-HIV, intsholongwane ihlasela iiseli ze-CD4 egazini layo. Le nkqubo yonakalisa iiseli ze-CD4 kwaye ibangela ukuba inani lazo liyehla emzimbeni, kusenza ukuba kube nzima ukulwa nosulelo.

Ubalo lwe-CD4 lubonisa ukomelela kwamajoni omzimba. Amajoni omzimba aphilileyo ahlala enesibalo se-CD4 esusela kwi-500 ukuya kwi-1,600 yeeseli nge-cubic millimeter yegazi (iiseli / mm3), ngokwe-HIV.gov.

Xa ubalo lwamajoni omzimba lungaphantsi kwama-200 eeseli / mm3, umntu uya kufumana isifo sikaGawulayo. UGawulayo ubakho kwinqanaba 3 le-HIV. Okwangoku, amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yenani eliphantsi leeseli ze-CD4 ezikhoyo ukulwa nezifo.

Yintoni umthwalo wentsholongwane?

Uvavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane egazini ulinganisa inani leengqekembe ze-HIV kwimililitha (ml) yegazi. La masuntswana abizwa ngokuba zi "iikopi." Uvavanyo luvavanya ukuqhubela phambili kwe-HIV emzimbeni. Kukwaluncedo ekuboneni ukuba unyango lomntu lwe-HIV luyilawula njani i-HIV emzimbeni wakhe.

Umthamo wentsholongwane ophezulu ungabonisa ukosulelwa yi-HIV, okanye i-HIV enganyangekiyo okanye engalawulwayo. Imithwalo yentsholongwane ngokubanzi iphezulu kakhulu kwithuba nje emva kokufumana i-HIV. Ziyehla njengoko amajoni omzimba esilwa ne-HIV, kodwa aphinde ande kwakhona ekuhambeni kwexesha njengokuba iiseli ze-CD4 zisifa. Umthamo wentsholongwane ungabandakanya izigidi zeekopi nge-mL yegazi, ngakumbi xa intsholongwane iqala ukungena.

Umthamo wentsholongwane osezantsi ubonisa iikopi ezimbalwa ze-HIV egazini. Ukuba isicwangciso sonyango lwe-HIV siyasebenza, umntu uya kuba nakho ukugcina umthamo wentsholongwane osezantsi.

Buyintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zimbini?

Akukho budlelwane ngqo phakathi kwamanani e-CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, ubalo oluphezulu lwe-CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane ophantsi - okanye ongabonakaliyo - wentsholongwane uyanqweneleka. Xa isibalo se-CD4 siphezulu, amajoni omzimba asempilweni. Ezantsi umthamo wentsholongwane, kubonakala ngathi unyango lwe-HIV luyasebenza.

Xa i-HIV ingena kwiiseli ze-CD4 ezisempilweni, intsholongwane iyaziguqula zibe yimizi-mveliso ukwenza iikopi ezintsha ze-HIV ngaphambi kokuba ziyitshabalalise. Xa i-HIV ihleli inganyangwa, ubalo lwe-CD4 luyancipha kwaye nomthamo wentsholongwane uyenyuka.

Unokuvavanywa kangaphi umntu?

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza ukubalwa kwe-CD4 kunye novavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane rhoqo kunyango lwe-HIV okanye nangaluphi na utshintsho kumayeza. Uninzi lwabantu abaphila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo kufuneka kuvavanyo lwelebhu olwenziweyo rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine, ngokwezikhokelo zangoku zokuvavanywa kwebhu.

Ukuvavanywa rhoqo kunokufuneka kwabanye abantu, njengaleyo ikwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yonyango okanye abo umthwalo wentsholongwane ungacinezelwanga. Uvavanyo oluncinci oluqhelekileyo lunokufuneka kubantu abathatha amayeza emihla ngemihla okanye bagcine umthamo wentsholongwane oxinzelelweyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2. Basenokufuna ukuvavanywa kabini ngonyaka.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuvavanywa rhoqo?

Isiphumo se-CD4 esinye okanye somthwalo wentsholongwane sibonisa umfanekiso okwixesha. Kubalulekile ukuba uzilandele zombini ezi zinto kwaye ujonge imeko kwiziphumo zovavanyo kunokujonga kwiziphumo zovavanyo ezizodwa.

Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ezi zinto zixabisekileyo zinokwahluka ngezizathu ezininzi, nkqu nasemini yonke. Ixesha losuku, nakuphi na ukugula, kunye nokugonywa kutshanje kunokuchaphazela ukubala kwe-CD4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini. Ngaphandle kokuba ubalo lwe-CD4 lusezantsi kakhulu, oku kungaguquguquki akusoloko kuyinto ekhathazayo.

Uvavanyo rhoqo lomthamo wentsholongwane egazini, hayi ubalo lwe-CD4, lusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukusebenza kwonyango lomntu lwe-HIV. Xa umntu eqala unyango lwe-HIV, umboneleli wezempilo uya kufuna ukubona ukuba iphendula njani i-HIV emzimbeni wakhe. Injongo yonyango lwe-HIV ukunciphisa okanye ukucinezela umthamo wentsholongwane kwinqanaba elingabonakaliyo. Ngokwe-HIV.gov, ubungakanani bentsholongwane kaGawulayo abubonakali kumanqanaba angama-40 ukuya kuma-75 eekopi / ml. Inani elichanekileyo lixhomekeke kwilebhu ehlalutya iimvavanyo.

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Abanye abantu banokuba namava. Ezi zezokwexeshana, amaxesha ngamaxesha ukonyuka okuncinci kumthamo wentsholongwane. Umboneleli wezempilo uya kubeka esweni umthwalo wentsholongwane ngakumbi ukubona ukuba ubuyela kwinqanaba elingafumanekiyo ngaphandle kotshintsho kunyango.

Ukuxhathisa iziyobisi

Esinye isizathu sovavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane egazini kukujonga ukunganyangeki ngamachiza kunyango lwe-HIV. Ukugcina umthamo wentsholongwane osezantsi kunciphisa umngcipheko wokunganyangeki kunyango. Umboneleli wezempilo unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lobungakanani bentsholongwane ukwenza utshintsho olufunekayo kwirejimeni yonyango lomntu ye-HIV.

Kutheni le nto unyango lwe-HIV lubaluleke kangaka?

Unyango lwe-HIV lukwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lwe-antiretroviral okanye unyango lwe-antiretroviral (HAART). Inomdibaniso wamachiza ee-antiretroviral. Ziyilelwe ukugcina intsholongwane isasazeka emzimbeni wakho ngokujolisa kwiiproteni ezahlukeneyo okanye iindlela ezisetyenziswa yintsholongwane ukuziphindaphinda.

Unyango lwe-antiretroviral lungenza umthwalo wentsholongwane ube sezantsi kangangokuba ungafunyanwa kuvavanyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi. Ukuba umntu uxinzelelwe yintsholongwane okanye unomthwalo wentsholongwane ongabonakaliyo, i-HIV yakhe ilawulwa.

Ukuqala unyango lwe-HIV kwakamsinya nje ukuba kufunyaniswe isifo kuvavanyo lwe-HIV kuvumela umntu ukuba aphile ubomi obude, obunempilo. Izikhokelo zonyango zangoku ezivela kwiSebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu zincomela ukuba umntu ophila nentsholongwane kaGawulayo aqalise amachiza ee-antiretroviral ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxilongwa. Oku kubalulekile ekwehliseni usulelo olungenelelayo kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezivela kwi-HIV.

Olunye uncedo lokufumana i-HIV phantsi kolawulo kunye nokuba nomthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo kukuba iyanceda ukuthintela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kwabanye. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba “lunyango njengothintelo.” Ngokwabantu, abantu abane-HIV abathatha amayeza abawanikiweyo kwaye bagcina umthamo wentsholongwane ongafumanekiyo "abakho mngciphekweni" wokudlulisela i-HIV kubantu abangenayo.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu abane-HIV?

Nokuba kungaliphi inqanaba le-HIV, kukho izibonelelo zokugcina umkhondo wale manani. Unyango lwe-HIV luye lude kakhulu kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukulandela isicwangciso sonyango esinconyelwayo kunye nokukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni kunokunceda umntu ukuba agcine ubalo lwe-CD4 luphezulu kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini ephantsi.

Unyango lwakwangoko kunye nokubeka iliso ngokukuko kunokunceda umntu alawule imeko yakhe, anciphise umngcipheko weengxaki, kwaye aphile ubomi obude nobunempilo.