Izinto ezinobungozi kumhlaza wesibeleko

Umxholo

• Isifo sepilisi somntu
• Ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini
• Indlela yokuphila
• Amayeza ezempilo okuzala
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
• Ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• Yise kude

Yintoni umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uvela xa ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli (i-dysplasia) kufumaneka kumlomo wesibeleko, ophakathi kwelungu lobufazi kunye nesibeleko. Ihlala ikhula kwiminyaka eliqela. Kuba zimbalwa iimpawu, uninzi lwabasetyhini alwazi nokuba lunalo.

Ngokwesiqhelo umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ufunyanwa kwi-Pap smear ngexesha lotyelelo lwabasetyhini. Ukuba ifunyenwe ngexesha, inokunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba ibangele iingxaki ezinkulu.

I-National Cancer Institute iqikelela ukuba zizakuba ngaphezulu kwe-13,000 iimeko ezitsha zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngo-2019. Usulelo lwe-human papillomavirus (HPV) yenye yezona zinto zibeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho nezinye izinto ezinokukubeka emngciphekweni ngokunjalo.

Isifo sepilisi somntu

I-HPV sisifo esosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo. Inokudluliselwa ngokunxibelelana nolusu nolusu okanye ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngomlomo, kwilungu lobufazi, okanye ngesondo.

I-HPV yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ze-STI eMelika. Uqikelelo lokuba ubuncinci isiqingatha sabemi siya kufumana ifom ye-HPV ngaxa lithile ebomini babo.

Zininzi iintlobo ze-HPV. Ezinye iintlobo ziba semngciphekweni wokuba zii-HPVs kwaye zibangela iintsumpa ngaphakathi okanye kwindawo ezijikeleze amalungu esini, umva kunye nomlomo. Ezinye iintlobo zithathwa njengomngcipheko omkhulu kwaye zinokubangela umhlaza.

Ngokukodwa, iintlobo ze-HPV ze-16 kunye ne-18 zinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ezi ntlobo zihlasela izicwili zomlomo wesibeleko kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha zibangela utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko kunye nezilonda ezikhula zibe ngumhlaza.

Asinguye wonke umntu one-HPV eba nomhlaza. Ngapha koko, amaxesha amaninzi usulelo lwe-HPV luyazihambela.

Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa amathuba okufumana i-HPV kukuziqhelanisa nokwabelana ngesondo nekhondom okanye enye indlela yokuthintela. Kwakhona, fumana iPap smears rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba i-HPV ibangele utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko.

Ezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini

Ezinye ii-STIs zinokubeka emngciphekweni womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-HIV) iyenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ngakumbi kumzimba ukulwa nomhlaza okanye usulelo olunjenge-HPV.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, abasetyhini ngoku okanye abane-chlamydia kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. I-Chlamydia yi-STI ebangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya. Ihlala ingenazimpawu.

Indlela yokuphila

Eminye yemingcipheko yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko inxulumene nendlela yokuphila. Ukuba uyatshaya, uphindwe kabini amathuba okuba ube nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ukutshaya kunciphisa amandla omzimba wakho wokulwa nezifo ezifana ne-HPV.

Ukongeza, ukutshaya kuzisa imichiza enokubangela umhlaza emzimbeni wakho. Ezi khemikhali zibizwa ngokuba yi-carcinogens. IiCarcinogens zinokubangela ukonakala kwi-DNA yeeseli zomlomo wesibeleko. Banokudlala indima ekwakheni umhlaza.

Ukutya kwakho kunokuchaphazela namathuba akho okuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Abasetyhini abanokutyeba kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Abasetyhini abazitya zincinci kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno nabo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Amayeza ezempilo okuzala

Abasetyhini abathatha izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo eziqukethe iinguqulelo zokwenziwa kwehomoni estrogen kunye neprogesterone basengozini ephezulu yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini abangazange bathathe izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo.

Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko uyehla emva kokumisa izinto zokucwangcisa ngomlomo. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, umngcipheko ubuyela esiqhelweni emva kweminyaka emalunga ne-10.

Abasetyhini abanesixhobo se-intrauterine (IUD) ngokwenene basemngciphekweni ophantsi womhlaza wesibeleko kunabasetyhini abangazange babe ne-IUD. Oku kuyinyani nokuba isixhobo besisetyenziselwa ixesha elingaphantsi konyaka.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Zininzi ezinye izinto ezinobungozi kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Abasetyhini abaye baba nokukhulelwa okungaphezulu kwesithathu okanye abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-17 ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwabo okokuqala besemngciphekweni omkhulu womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko nako kuyingozi. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba isizalwana esithe ngqo njengonyoko okanye udadewenu sinomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ukunciphisa amathuba akho okuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko

Ukuba semngciphekweni wokufumana naluphi na uhlobo lomhlaza kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngokwengqondo nangokweemvakalelo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokuthintelwa. Ikhula kancinci kwaye zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nomhlaza.

Iyeza lokugonya liya kukhusela kwezinye zeentlobo ze-HPV ezinokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Okwangoku yeyamakhwenkwe namantombazana aneminyaka eli-11 ukuya kweli-12 ubudala. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba kwabasetyhini ukuya kuthi ga kubudala beminyaka engama-45 kunye nabesilisa ukuya kwiminyaka engama-21 ababengagonywanga ngaphambili.

Ukuba ukule minyaka yobudala kwaye khange ugonywe, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nogonyo.

Ukongeza kugonyo, ukwenza isondo kunye nekhondom okanye enye indlela yokuthintela kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya ngamanyathelo aphambili onokuwathatha ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ukuvavanywa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Kufuneka uhlolwe kangaphi? Ixesha kunye nohlobo lokukhangela luxhomekeke kubudala bakho.

I-US Preventive Task Force isandula ukukhutshwa ihlaziyiwe ukuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ziquka:

• Abafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21: Ukuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko akukhuthazwa.
• Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-21 ukuya kuma-29: Ukuvavanywa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngePap smear kuphela rhoqo kwiminyaka emithathu.
• Abafazi abaneminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-65: Iindlela ezintathu zokuvavanya umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kubandakanya:
  • IPap smear iyodwa qho emva kweminyaka emithathu
  • umngcipheko wokuvavanywa kwe-HPV (hrHPV) kuphela kwiminyaka emihlanu
  • Zombini iPap smear kunye ne-hrHPV rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu
• Abasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu: Ukuvavanywa komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko akukhuthazwa, ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olwaneleyo kwangaphambili.

Yise kude

Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo zomngcipheko wokukhula komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukusuleleka yi-HPV. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-STI kunye neendlela zokuphila zinokunyusa umngcipheko.

Zininzi izinto ezahlukeneyo onokuzenza ukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• ukugonywa
• ukufumana ukuhlolwa rhoqo komhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
• ukulala ngesondo kunye nekhondom okanye enye indlela yokuthintela

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomdlavuza womlomo wesibeleko, thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba nixoxe ngeendlela enizikhethayo. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nakho ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena.