I-Anemia engapheliyo

Umxholo

• Yintoni i-anemia engapheliyo?
• Ziintoni iimpawu zeanemia?
• Iphathwa njani i-anemia enganyangekiyo?
• Luluphi utshintsho ekutyeni ekufuneka lwenziwe ngumntu one-anemia engapheliyo?
• Zeziphi ezinye iintlobo zeanemia?
• Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia
• Ukunqongophala kweVitamin anemia
• I-aplastic anemia
• I-anemia yeHemolytic
• Isifo seanemia
• Ukuthatha

Yintoni i-anemia?

Ukuba unayo i-anemia, unenani elingaphantsi kuneliqhelekileyo leeseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye inani le-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zehle ezantsi kwesiqhelo. Ngenxa yoku, iiseli zomzimba wakho azifumani oksijini yaneleyo.

Kukho izinto ezintathu eziphambili ezibangela i-anemia: ukulahleka kwegazi, ukunqongophala kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu, kunye namazinga aphezulu okutshatyalaliswa kweseli ebomvu.

Yintoni i-anemia engapheliyo?

I-anemia engapheliyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-anemia yesifo esinganyangekiyo kunye ne-anemia yokudumba kunye nesifo esinganyangekiyo. Le anemia sisiphumo sezinye iimeko zempilo zexesha elide ezichaphazela amandla omzimba wakho okwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ezi meko zempilo zibandakanya:

• umhlaza, njenge-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, isifo sikaHodgkin, kunye nomhlaza webele
• isifo sezintso
• iingxaki zomzimba kunye nezifo ezivuthayo, ezifana nesifo se-rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sikashukela, isifo sikaCrohn, i-lupus, kunye nesifo sesibindi (IBD)
• usulelo lwexesha elide, njenge-HIV, i-endocarditis, isifo sephepha, i-osteomyelitis, ithumba lemiphunga, kunye ne-hepatitis B okanye i-hepatitis C

Ngamanye amaxesha i-chemotherapy esetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza othile ijongela phantsi amandla omzimba wakho okwenza iiseli ezintsha zegazi, zikhokelela kwi-anemia.

Ziintoni iimpawu zeanemia?

Iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa
• ulusu oluthuthu
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza

Ezi mpawu zinokugqunywa ziimeko eziphantsi.

Iphathwa njani i-anemia enganyangekiyo?

Oogqirha abaninzi baya kugxila ekunyangeni imeko ebangela i-anemia engapheliyo kwaye ayisoloko inyangwa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba unayo i-IBD, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-anti-inflammatories ezinje nge-corticosteroids kunye nee-antibiotics ezinje nge-ciprofloxacin (Cipro). Ezi zinokunyanga i-IBD kwaye zenze i-anemia engapheliyo inyamalale.

Kukho ezinye iimeko apho ugqirha wakho anokucebisa unyango olujolise ngqo kwi-anemia engapheliyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba unesifo sezintso kunye ne-anemia engapheliyo, ugqirha wakho unokumisela i-vitamin B-12 kunye ne-folic acid eyongezelelweyo ukuba unayo i-vitamin B-12 okanye i-folate. Okanye ugqirha unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe uhlobo oluthile lwe-erythropoietin.

Kwakhona, ukuba une-anemia engapheliyo kunye nomsebenzi wegazi ubonakalisa ukungabikho kwentsimbi, ugqirha wakho unokuncoma izongezo zentsimbi.

Luluphi utshintsho ekutyeni ekufuneka lwenziwe ngumntu one-anemia engapheliyo?

Abantu abane-anemia engapheliyo bahlala becetyiswa ukuba babandakanye utshintsho ekutyeni ukuze bajongane nokusilela okuthile. Oku kulandelayo ziziphakamiso ezimbalwa ukuba isinyithi, i-folic acid, okanye amanqanaba e-vitamin B-12 asezantsi.

Imithombo yokutya yentsimbi:

• iimbotyi
• inkukhu
• ispinatshi
• ukutya okuziinkozo kwasekuseni

Imithombo yokutya ye-folic acid:

• iimbotyi
• inkukhu
• ukutya okuziinkozo kwasekuseni
• irayisi

Imithombo yokutya ivithamini B-12:

• inkukhu
• Isiriyeli zesidlo sakusasa
• intlanzi
• inyama yesibindi

Zeziphi ezinye iintlobo zeanemia?

Ukunqongophala kwe-Iron anemia

Ukunqongophala kwe-iron anemia lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-anemia. Kubangelwa kukunqongophala kwesinyithi ekuphulukaneni negazi, ukutya okungenayo i-iron, okanye ukufunxeka okungafanelekanga kwentsimbi.

Ukunqongophala kweVitamin anemia

Ukunqongophala kwe-Vitamin anemia kubangelwa kukungabikho kwe-vitamin B-12 okanye i-folic acid nokuba kukutya okungonelanga kwezi zakhamzimba okanye ukufunxwa okungafanelekanga kwazo.

Xa ivithamin B-12 ingenakungeniswa kwithumbu lesisu, ikhokelela kwi-anemia eyingozi.

I-aplastic anemia

I-aplastic anemia yimeko enqabileyo eyenzekayo xa umongo wethambo uyeka ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo.

I-anemia yeHemolytic

I-hemolytic anemia yenzeka xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka kwigazi okanye kwipeni. Isenokuba ngenxa yeengxaki zoomatshini (iivali zentliziyo ezivuzayo okanye ii-aneurysms), usulelo, ukuphazamiseka komzimba, okanye ukungahambi kakuhle komzimba kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Isifo seanemia

I-Sickle cell anemia yi-hemolytic anemia ezuzwe njengelifa ene-hemoglobin protein engaqhelekanga ebangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqine kwaye zivale ukujikeleza kwemithambo yegazi encinci.

Ukuthatha

I-anemia engapheliyo luhlobo lwe-anemia oluqhele ukwenzeka ngokusuleleka, izifo ezingapheliyo, ukuphazamiseka kokudumba, okanye umhlaza. Rhoqo ayinyangwa ngokwahlukeneyo kwimeko ebangela oko.

Ukuba unemeko enokuthi inxulunyaniswe ne-anemia engapheliyo kwaye ucinge ukuba unokuba ne-anemic, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokubala okupheleleyo kwegazi (CBC) kuvavanyo lwegazi. Ukuba iziphumo zibonisa i-anemia engapheliyo, jonga kwakhona iindlela zonyango kunye nogqirha wakho.