Imeko yesiqhelo kunye nendlela edibana ngayo nenja kaPavlov

Umxholo

• Inkcazo yemeko yeklasikhi
• Inkqubo yokumisa imeko
• Imigaqo yokwazi
• Amanqanaba emeko yePavlovian
• Phambi kokumisa imeko
• Ngexesha lokulungisa
• Emva kwemeko
• Yizame ngokwakho
• Imizekelo yemeko yoqobo
• Umzekelo 1
• Umzekelo 2
• Umzekelo 3
• Imeko yeklasikhi ngokuchasene nemeko yokusebenza
• Izicelo zempilo yengqondo
• IPhobias
• PTSD
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Imeko yeklasikhi kunyango
• Yise kude

Inkcazo yemeko yeklasikhi

Imeko yeklasikhi luhlobo lokufunda olwenzeka ngokungazi.

Xa ufunda ngemeko yeklasikhi, impendulo enesimo esizenzekelayo ibhangqwe ngovuselelo oluthile. Oku kudala isimilo.

Owona mzekelo waziwa ngoku uvela koko abanye bakholelwa ukuba nguyise weemeko zakudala: u-Ivan Pavlov. Kuvavanyo lokucola ukutya kwe-canine, wafumanisa ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha izinja bezikhamisa kungekuphela xa ukutya kwazo kuzisiwe kubo, kodwa xa abantu abazityisayo befika.

Ukuvavanya ithiyori yakhe yokuba izinja zaziginya amathe kuba zazidibanisa abantu nokondliwa, waqala ukukhala intsimbi emva koko wabonisa ukutya ukuze badibanise isandi nokutya.

Ezi zinja zafunda ukudibanisa intsimbi ekhalayo kunye nokutya, ibangela ukuba imilomo yabo ikhamise nanini na xa kukhala intsimbi- hayi xa bedibana nokutya.

Ukujonga imeko kuluncedo kwinguqu yokuzivelela kwezinto kuba kusincedile ekwenzeni ulindelo ukulungiselela imicimbi ezayo. Umzekelo, ukugula kukutya okuthile kusinceda sikudibanise oko kutya kunye nokugula. Kwelinye icala, oko kuyasinceda ukuba singaguli kwixa elizayo.

Sonke sichanekile kwimeko yeklasikhi ngendlela enye okanye enye ebomini bethu.

Kule mihla yethu, abathengisi bahlala beyisebenzisa ukutyhala iimveliso zabo. Umzekelo, iintengiso zobuhle zisebenzisa abadlali abanesikhumba esicacileyo, esigudileyo ukukhokelela abathengi ekudibaniseni imveliso yabo nolusu olusempilweni.

Apha ngezantsi siphula imeko yeklasikhi, sinike imizekelo, kwaye sincede uqonde ngcono ukuba isetyenziswa njani kwimpilo nakwintlalo-ntle.

Umzekelo weklasikhi wenja kaPavlov. Umzekeliso kaRuth Basagoitia

Inkqubo yokumisa imeko

Imigaqo yokwazi

• Isikhuthazo esingavumelekanga. Le yeyona nto ibangela impendulo ezenzekelayo. Ukutya sisikhuthazi esingasetyenziswanga kuvavanyo lwenja kaPavlov.
• Impendulo engavumelekanga. Le yile mpendulo ngokwendalo xa usiva isikhuthazo esingabekelwanga mandla, njengokufinyisa amathe ekutyeni.
• Imeko ekhuthazayo. Oku kuthathwa njengesikhuthazi esingathathi hlangothi. Xa unikezelwa nayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphambi kokukhuthazwa okungenamthetho (umzekelo, ukutya), kuya kuqala ukukhupha impendulo efanayo. Intsimbi ngaphambi kokutya sisikhuthazi esimiselweyo.
• Impendulo enemeko. Le mpendulo ifunyenwe kwisikhuthazi esimiselweyo (intsimbi), ehlala iyimpendulo efanayo nempendulo engenamthetho. Ke, izinja ziye zancamisa amathe ngenxa yentsimbi ngendlela efanayo naleyo zikhamela ngayo ukutya okuphambi kwazo.
• Ukuphela. Eli gama lisetyenziswa xa uqala ukubonisa isikhuthazi esimiselweyo (intsimbi) ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kodwa ngaphandle kwesikhuthazi esingenamqathango (ukutya). Ixesha elingaphezulu, izinja bezingazukuyifunda imeko yabo yokuba intsimbi ithetha ukuba ukutya kuyeza.
• Ngokubanzi. Oku kubhekisa kuxa unokwenza izinto ezifanayo kwaye uphendule ngendlela efanayo. Izinja zaqala ukuvuza amathe kwizandi ezifana neentsimbi kuba zazisenza ngokubanzi oko zikufundileyo.
• Ucalucalulo. Okuchasene nokwenza ngokubanzi, oku kubanakho ukuxelela umahluko xa into ifana kodwa ingafani, ke ayizukuvelisa impendulo efanayo. Isandi sexilongo, umzekelo, ngekhe sizenze izinja ziginye amathe.

Amanqanaba emeko yePavlovian

Phambi kokumisa imeko

Phambi kokumiswa kwemeko kuxa inkuthazo engafakwanga yimeko kunye nempendulo engenamthetho iqalisa ukusebenza. Le yimpendulo yendalo engazange ifundiswe.

Umzekelo, ukutya kuvelisa amathe, okanye intsholongwane yesisu ivelisa isicaphucaphu.

Okwangoku, isikhuthazo esimiselweyo sisabizwa ngokuba sisikhuthazi esingathathi hlangothi kuba okwangoku asinampembelelo.

Ngexesha lokulungisa

Siqala ukudibanisa ukukhuthaza okungathathi hlangothi kunye nempendulo engenamthetho.

Umzekelo, ungadibanisa uhlobo oluthile lokutya kunye nentsholongwane yesisu, okanye intsimbi ekhalayo ngaphambi kokufumana ukutya inokunxulunyaniswa nokufumana ukutya.

Emva kwemeko

Nje ukuba ufunde ukudibanisa isikhuthazi esimiselweyo kunye nempendulo engenamthetho, iba yimpendulo enemeko.

Ke, uhlobo oluthile lokutya ngoku luvelisa isicaphucaphu (nokuba bekunganyanzelekanga ukuba yintoni ebangele intsholongwane yesisu), kwaye intsimbi idala amathe.

Ngale ndlela, ngokungazi uye wafunda ukudibanisa inkuthazo entsha (nokuba imeko, into, umntu, njl.) Nempendulo.

Yizame ngokwakho

"IOfisi" inemizekelo emihle (kwaye ehlekisayo!) Yemeko yeklasikhi:

Zininzi iindlela onokuthi uzame ngazo imeko yobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ekufuneka uziqwalasele:

• Yenza indawo elungileyo enesibane esihle kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo zeofisi yakho yasekhaya ukuyenza ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza. Indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza inokuthi ikwenze usebenze ngakumbi.
• Yenza ixesha lokulala ukuze ulungele ukulala ngaphambili. Unokwenza oku ngokukhanyisa izibane kunye nokuphepha izikrini kwimizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokulala. Oku kunokudala imeko yokulala.
• Qeqesha isilwanyana ukwenza isimilo sokuziphatha okanye amaqhinga akhethekileyo ngokubacela ukuba benze umsebenzi kwaye babavuze ngendlela efanayo. Unokusebenzisa iqhinga likaPavlov kwaye uzame intsimbi ethile ukubazisa xa isidlo sangokuhlwa sisiza (kwaye kufuneka bahlale kwaye balinde ngomonde).
• Fundisa isimilo esihle ebantwaneni ngokubanika umvuzo omncinci okanye ngento yokudlala entsha. Ukuba bayasokola ngokwabelana, bavuze xa besenza iinzame zokwabelana.

Imizekelo yemeko yoqobo

Kukho imizekelo eyahlukeneyo yemeko yeklasikhi kunye nendlela esinokufunda ngayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo 1

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ufumana umvuzo wakho rhoqo ngolwesiHlanu. Nangona unomsebenzi omtsha apho ufumana umvuzo wakho ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo, uziva kamnandi ngolwesiHlanu. Unikwe imeko yokuyidibanisa nenkululeko yokufumana loo ntlawulo.

Umzekelo 2

Ubukade utshaya kwindawo ethile engaphandle emsebenzini kodwa kutshanje uyekile ukutshaya. Ngalo lonke ixesha usiya kule ndawo ikhefu lingaphandle, umzimba wakho unqwenela icuba.

Umzekelo 3

Ngexesha lesiphango, umthi uyaphuka uze uwele endlwini yakho, ubangele umonakalo omkhulu. Ngoku nanini na usiva iindudumo, uziva unexhala.

Imeko yeklasikhi ngokuchasene nemeko yokusebenza

Ngelixa imeko yeklasikhi inento yokwenza nokuzenzekelayo, iimpendulo ezifundiweyo, imeko yokusebenza luhlobo olwahlukileyo lokufunda.

Kwimeko yokusebenza, ufunda indlela yokuziphatha ngenxa yokuziphatha, ethi yona ichaphazele indlela oziphatha ngayo kwixa elizayo.

Ke, xa isimilo sinesiphumo esonelisayo, ufunda ukusidibanisa nesiphumo kwaye usebenzele ukuba siphindaphindwe. Kwiphepha leflip, iziphumo ezingalunganga ziya kubangela ukuba uphephe indlela yokuziphatha ukunqanda eso siphumo.

Kuqeqesho lwenja, isimilo esihle sivuzwa ngokuphatha, okwenza ukuba inja yakho ibe yinkwenkwe okanye intombazana elungileyo ukuze ifumane unyango.

Kwelinye icala, ukungaziphathi kakuhle akunakuwongwa, okanye ufumane isohlwayo. Oko kuyakwenza ukuba inja yakho ingabinakho ukuyenza kwixesha elizayo.

Ngelixa imeko yeklasikhi ithathwa njengokufunda okungazi nto, imeko esebenzayo yinto uninzi lwabantu oluya kuyithatha njengesiqhelo. Imalunga nokuqiniswa kwaye kujongwa njengokulawulwa ngakumbi. Imeko yeklasikhi ithathwa njengeyona nto ibonakalayo.

Izicelo zempilo yengqondo

IPhobias

Imeko yakudala isetyenziswa kokubini ekuqondeni nasekunyangeni i-phobias. I-phobia luloyiko olugqithisileyo, olungenangqondo kwinto ethile, enje ngento okanye imeko.

Xa uhlakulela i-phobia, imeko yeklasikhi inokuhlala iyichaza.

Umzekelo, ukuba uhlaselwa kukuphakuzela kwindawo ethile- njengelifti - ungaqala ukudibanisa iilifti noloyiko kwaye uqalise ukunqanda okanye woyike konke ukukhwela ilifti. Ukufumana ukhuthazo olubi kunokuchaphazela impendulo yakho.

Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-phobias isekwe kuloyiko olungenangqondo. Njengokuba imeko yeklasikhi inokuba idlale indima "ekufundeni" loo phobia, inokukunceda ukuyinyanga ngokubala imeko.

Ukuba umntu uchazekile kwinto okanye kwimeko aboyikayo kaninzi ngaphandle kwesiphumo esibi, imeko yeklasikhi inokukunceda ungafundi uloyiko. Nje ukuba uhambe kwiilifti ze-100 kwaye ungabinaloyiko, akufuneki uphinde uyidibanise noloyiko.

PTSD

Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo lwasemva (traumatic uxinzelelo) (PTSD) sisifo esibuhlungu esiqhubeka emva kokuba ufumene isiganeko esibuhlungu. Ingakubangela ukuba uzive usengozini nokuba ukhuselekile.

Olu xinzelelo lukhulu lufundwa ngemeko. Abantu abane-PTSD banemibutho eyomeleleyo ejikeleze umothuko.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Imeko iya kudlala nabantu abachacha kukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi kwiindawo ezithile okanye nabantu abathile bahlala bengazi nto ukuze badibanise uyolo lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nezi zinto.

Yiyo loo nto oogqirha abaninzi becebisa abantu ekubuyiseleni ekusebenziseni iziyobisi ukuthintela iimeko kunye nemeko abanxulumana nazo nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukunqanda ukubuyela umva.

Imeko yeklasikhi kunyango

Iindidi ezimbini zonyango lwempilo yengqondo zihlala zithathwa njengezibophelelayo:

• unyango lokuvezwa
• unyango lokunyanga

Unyango olubonakalayo luhlala lusetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo kunye ne-phobias. Umntu ubhencekile koko bakoyikayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha balungiselelwe ukungoyiki.

Unyango lweAversion lujolise ekuyekiseni isimilo esibi ngokutshintsha impendulo elungileyo ngempendulo engeyiyo. Oku kuhlala kusetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto ezinje ngotywala.

Ugqirha unokuyalela umntu ichiza elibamgulayo xa besela utywala, ke loo mntu unxulumana nokusela nokuziva egula.

Olu hlobo lonyango alusebenzi lodwa. Endaweni yoko, indibaniselwano yonyango olusetyenziswayo luyasetyenziswa.

Yise kude

Imeko yesiqhelo yakudala luhlobo lokungazi, ukufunda okuzenzekelayo. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi becinga ngenja kaPavlov, kukho amakhulu emizekelo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ebonisa ukuba imeko yeklasikhi isichaphazela njani.

Imeko yesiqhelo isetyenziswa kwizibhengezo, ekufundeni nasekunyangeni uloyiko okanye i-phobias, ukomeleza isimilo esihle, kunye nokukunceda ukukhusela, njengokuchasene neetyhefu okanye ukutya okuthile. Inokukunceda nakuqeqesho lwezilwanyana.