Oyena nobangela weZiphene zokuZalwa ekunokwenzeka ukuba awuzange uve ngazo

Umxholo

• Kutheni le nto i-CMV sesinye seZifo eziNcinci ekuxoxwe ngazo
• Ngaba i-CMV ijongeka kanjani kusana olosulelwe sisisu?
• Uyithintela njani i-CMV ukuba ukhulelwe
• Uphengululo lwe

Kubazali abakhulelweyo, iinyanga ezisithoba ezichithwa kulindelwe umntwana zizaliswe lucwangciso. Nokuba kukupeyinta i-nursery, ukuhluza kwiindawo ezintle, okanye ukupakisha ibhegi yesibhedlele, ubukhulu becala, lixesha elichulumancisayo, elizele luvuyo.

Ewe, ukuzisa umntwana emhlabeni kunokuba ngamava oxinzelelo ngakumbi, oko kukuthi xa kuziwa kwimpilo yosana. Kwaye ngelixa izigulo ezininzi zinokubonwa nge-ultrasound okanye ziqwalaselwe kamsinya nje emva kokuzalwa, eminye imiba enzulu ayibonisi zimpawu okanye zimpawu zilumkiso-okanye aziziwa luluntu ngokubanzi (kwaye ayifane ixoxwe ngoogqirha).

Omnye umzekelo ophambili yi-cytomegalovirus (CMV), intsholongwane eyenzeka komnye kwabangama-200 ekuzalweni enokubangela uninzi lweziphene zokuzalwa eziyingozi. (Eyeleleneyo: Izifo ezisandula ukuzalwa Wonke umntu okhulelweyo ufuna kwiRadar yabo)

"I-CMV inengxaki ebalulekileyo yokwazisa," kuchaza uKristen Hutchinson Spytek, umongameli kunye nomseki we-National CMV Foundation. Uyaphawula ukuba kuphela malunga neepesenti ze-9 zabasetyhini (ewe, nje ezisithoba) bade beva nge-CMV, kwaye kunjalo, "yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa e-United States." (Oko kubandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza njenge-Down syndrome kunye ne-cystic fibrosis, kunye neentsholongwane ezinjengeZika, listeriosis, kunye ne-toxoplasmosis, uyongeza.)

I-CMV yintsholongwane ye-herpes ethi, ngelixa ikwazi ukuchaphazela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, ayinabungozi kwaye ayinazimpawu kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abangakhuselekanga, utsho uSpytek. "Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abadala baye bosulelwa yi-CMV ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka engama-40," utsho. "Nje ukuba i-CMV isemzimbeni womntu, inokuhlala apho ubomi bonke." (Idibeneyo: Ngokuchanekileyo njani amaNqanaba akho eHormone atshintsha ngexesha lokukhulelwa)

Kodwa nantsi apho iba nengxaki: Ukuba umntu okhulelweyo ophethe umntwana wosulelwe yi-CMV, nokuba abayazi, banokudlulisela intsholongwane emntwaneni wabo ongekazalwa.

Ukugqithisela i-CMV kumntwana ongekazalwa kunokonakalisa kakhulu ukukhula kwabo. Ngokutsho kweNational CMV Foundation, kubo bonke abantwana abazelwe benosulelo lwe-CMV yokuzalwa, i-1 kwaba-5 bakhubazeke njengokulahleka kombono, ukungeva, kunye neminye imiba yezonyango. Baza kuhlala bezabalaza ngezi zigulo kubomi babo bonke, kuba okwangoku akukho gonyo okanye unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-CMV (okwangoku).

"Ezi zifo zichaphazela iintsapho, zichaphazela abantwana abangaphezulu kwama-6,000 [eUnited States] ngonyaka," utshilo uSpytek.

Nantsi yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-CMV, kubandakanywa ukuba isasazeka njani kwaye yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uzigcine (kunye nokuba nosana olutsha) lukhuselekile.

Kutheni le nto i-CMV sesinye seZifo eziNcinci ekuxoxwe ngazo

Ngelixa iNational CMV Foundation kunye neminye imibutho isebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo ukufundisa uluntu malunga nendalo ye-CMV yendawo yonke (kwaye iyingozi), indlela esasazeka ngayo le ntsholongwane ingenza kube ngumbandela onzima ukuba oogqirha baxoxe nabazali abalindelekileyo okanye abantu abakwiminyaka yokuzala. Utshilo uPablo J. Sanchez, MD, ingcali ngezifo ezosulelayo kunye nomphenyi oyintloko kwiziko loPhando ngePeratal kwiZiko loPhando.

"I-CMV idluliselwa kuwo wonke amanzi omzimba, njengobisi lwebele, umchamo, kunye ne-saliva, kodwa ivelele kakhulu ngamathe," kuchaza uDkt Sanchez. Enyanisweni, i-CMV ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuba yi intsholongwane yedlala lamathe, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-5-ngakumbi kumaziko okugcina abantwana. (Eyeleleneyo: Inqanaba lokufa okuNxulumene nokuKhulelwa e-U.S. Liphezulu ngendlela eyothusayo)

Oku kuthetha ntoni: Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unaye omnye umntwana, okanye ukhathalela abantwana abancinci, usemngciphekweni wokukugqithisela umntwana wakho.

"Njengoko sisazi, abantwana abancinci bathanda ukubeka yonke into emlonyeni wabo," utshilo uGqirha Sanchez. Ke ukuba [umntu okhulelweyo] ukhathalela umntwana omncinci osulelwe yile ntsholongwane, esabelana ngeekomityi namacephe okanye utshintsha amanabukeni, [banokosulelwa].

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu tshintsho alunakubangela ukwenzakala kwabantu abadala (ngaphandle kokuba bayagwetywa). Kwakhona, ingozi isekuyidluliseleni kosana olusandul 'ukuzalwa.

Ewe, njengoko nabani na okhathalelwa umntwana omncinci esazi, kukho a okuninzi yokutshica kunye ne-snot ebandakanyekayo. Kwaye ngelixa okuqhubekayo kokuhlamba izandla kunye nokuhlamba izitya akusoloko kusisona sicwangciso silungileyo sokuthintela abagcini abaxinezelekileyo, ngokukaSpytek, izibonelelo zigqithise kakhulu kunxunguphalo- into uluntu lwezonyango alusoloko lukhawuleza ukuyichaza.

"Abasebenzi bezonyango banolwazi olunqongopheleyo malunga ne-CMV, kwaye bahlala behlisa umngcipheko wayo. Akukho mgangatho wokhathalelo phakathi kwemibutho yezonyango yokucebisa abantu abakhulelweyo," ucacisa, esithi iAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists icebisa ukuba iingcebiso kunye ukucebisa ngeendlela zongenelelo kubantu abakhulelweyo abanabantwana abancinci ekhaya "akunakwenzeka okanye kuluxanduva." Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-50 ze-ob-gyns zixelela abantu abakhulelweyo ukuba baphephe njani i-CMV.

Izizathu [zabo] azingqinelani, "uphinda atsho uSpytek. "Inyani yile, kukho ityala elothusayo, uloyiko kunye nosizi olunxulunyaniswa nesiphumo ngasinye esimalunga ne-CMV okanye ukuxilongwa kwabazali - le inyaniso yinto enzima."

Kwaye, njengoko uGqirha Sanchez esitsho, i-CMV ayinxibelelananga nayo nayiphi na indlela yokuziphatha eyingozi okanye umngcipheko othile-yinto nje ephethwe ngabantu. "Yilento oomama bahlala bendixelela yona - ukuba wonke umntu ubaxelele ukuba bahlale kude neekati [ezinokuthwala izifo eziyingozi kubazali abalindelekileyo], hayi ebantwaneni babo, utshilo.

Enye into ebuyela umva nge-CMV, ngokukaGqirha Sanchez? Alukho unyango okanye unyango. “Sifuna isitofu sokugonya,” utshilo. "Ibe yinto ephambili ekuphuhliseni enye. Kubekho umsebenzi oqhubekayo, kodwa asikafiki okwangoku."

Ngaba i-CMV ijongeka kanjani kusana olosulelwe sisisu?

I-CMV inokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (kwaye kwezinye, akukho zimpawu kwaphela). Kodwa kwabo bantwana babonisa iimpawu, bazimisele, utsho uGqr. Sanchez.

"Kwezi [ntsana] zibonisa iimpawu zosulelo, ezinye zinokuba nzima," ucacisa. "Kungenxa yokuba xa intsholongwane iwela i-placenta kwaye yosulela i-fetus ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, inokufudukela kwinkqubo ye-nervous central kwaye ngoku ivumela iiseli zengqondo ukuba zifudukele kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Oku kubangela imiba ye-neurological kuba ingqondo ayibunjwanga kakuhle. "

Ngokwe-National CMV Foundation, ukuba une-CMV ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kukho ithuba leepesenti ezingama-33 oza kuyidlulisela kusana lwakho. Kwaye kwabo bantwana banesifo, iipesenti ezingama-90 zeentsana ezizalwe nge-CMV azibonisi zimpawu ekuzalweni, ngelixa iipesenti ezili-10 eziseleyo zibonisa uhlobo oluthile lokungahambi kakuhle komzimba. (Ke ukuba ukhulelwe, kwakhona, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukubonwa kwakho kubantwana abancinci abanokuthi baphathe intsholongwane.) (Okunxulumene: Iingcebiso zokulala ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukukunceda ekugqibeleni ufumane ukuphumla kobusuku obuqinileyo)

Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, uGqr.Sanchez uphawula ukuba ukulahleka kwendlebe luphawu oluqhelekileyo olunxulunyaniswa ne-CMV, amaxesha amaninzi ebonakala kamva ebuntwaneni. "Ngezigulana zam zokufikisa, ukuba ilahleko yokuva ayichazwa, ndihlala ndazi ukuba [bosulelwe] yi-CMV ngelixa besesiswini."

Kwaye ngelixa kungekho lugonyo okanye unyango-lonke unyango lwe-CMV, ukuhlolwa kuyafumaneka kubantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa, kwaye iSiseko seCMV sikaZwelonke ngoku sisebenza kwiingcebiso. "Sikholelwa ekubeni uhlolo olusandul 'ukuzalwa linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ekuqhubeni ulwazi kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, ngethemba lokunciphisa umngcipheko weziphumo ezibi ngenxa yokuzalwa kwe-CMV," ucacisa uSpytek.

UDkt. Sanchez uphawula ukuba ifestile yokuhlola imfutshane, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubeka phambili uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa. "Sineeveki ezintathu apho sinokuchonga khona i-CMV yokuzalwa kwaye sibone ukuba ingaba umngcipheko wexesha elide unokuchongwa."

Ukuba i-CMV ifunyenwe ngaphakathi kwithuba leeveki ezintathu, uSpytek uthi amayeza athile antiviral anokuhlala anciphise ubuzaza bokuphulukana nokuva okanye ukuphucula iziphumo zophuhliso. "Umonakalo obangelwe kukuzalwa kwe-CMV awunakubuyiselwa umva," uyacacisa. (Idibeneyo: Izondlo ezi-4 ezinokuphucula impilo yabasetyhini)

Ngelixa kukho ukuhlolwa kwabantu abadala, uGqirha Sanchez akabacebisi kwizigulana zakhe. "Abantu abaninzi [kuluntu lwe-CMV] bavakalelwa ngamandla ukuba [abantu abakhulelweyo] kufuneka bavavanywe, kodwa kungekhona mna. Ingaba i-CMV-positive okanye ayikho, kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okhuseleko."

Uyithintela njani i-CMV ukuba ukhulelwe

Ngelixa lungekho unyango lwangoku okanye isitofu sokugonya i-CMV, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokuthintela abantu abakhulelweyo abanokuthatha ukuthintela ukosuleleka kunye nokusasaza isifo kumntwana ongekazalwa.

Nazi iingcebiso eziphezulu zikaSpytek ezivela kwi-National CMV Foundation:

1. Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, izitya, iziselo, iindiza, okanye iibrashi zamazinyo. Oku kuya kuye nabani na, kodwa ngakumbi nabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka enye ukuya kwemihlanu.
2. Ungaze ubeke i-pacifier evela komnye umntwana emlonyeni wakho. Ngokukrakra, musa nje.
3. Wanga umntwana esidleleni okanye entloko, endaweni yomlomo wabo. Ibhonasi: Iintloko zeentsana zinuka ah-ukujonga. Yinyaniso yesayensi. Kwaye uzive ukhululekile ukunika zonke iihugs!
4. Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi imizuzwana eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 emva kokutshintsha amalweyile, ukondla umntwana omncinane, ukuphatha izinto zokudlala, nokosula amathontsi, impumlo, okanye iinyembezi zomntwana omncinane.

Uphengululo lwe