Ikholera: yintoni, iimpawu, oonobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Yintoni ebangela ikholera
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Iimpawu zokuphucula kunye nokuwohloka
• Ungakuphepha njani ukubamba

Ikholera sisifo esosulelayo esinokufunyanwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokutya okungcoliswe yintsholongwaneIkholera yevibrio. Olu hlobo losuleleko luxhaphake kakhulu kwaye lubangela uqhushumbo ngokulula kwiindawo ezingenamanzi aphuma kwimibhobho okanye ngendawo eyaneleyo yococeko, apho kungekho ngqokelela yenkunkuma okanye ilindle elivulekileyo, umzekelo.

Nangona ayisoloko ibangela iimpawu, abanye abantu abosulelekileyo banokuphuhlisa imeko enzima ngakumbi, exhomekeke kubungakanani bentsholongwane engenisiweyo kunye nakwimpilo yomntu osulelekileyo, ezinokuzibonakalisa ukusuka kurhudo oluncinci ukuya kurhudo olubi nolunokubulala.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Ngamanye amaxesha, ikholera isenokungabonakali okanye ithathe iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 emva kokudibana namanzi okanye ukutya okungcolileyo ukuze kuvele iimpawu zokuqala, ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Urhudo oluqatha, ngaphezulu kwakanye ngeyure, okuvela ngenxa yokuba ityhefu yebhaktiriya ibangela ukuba iiseli ezingqonge amathumbu zivelise ulwelo oluninzi;
• Izitulo zolwelo umbala omhlophe, ofana nobisi okanye amanzi erayisi;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha rhoqo;
• Ukungabikho kwemveliso yomchamo;
• Ukudinwa nokuba buthathaka ukugqithisa;
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ngokunxanwa okungaphezulu, kunye nomlomo owomileyo nolusu;
• Ukunyuka kwentliziyo nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuba ikholera ichongwe kwaye inyangwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela iingxaki ezinje, njengokuphelelwa ngamandla emzimbeni, i-renal necrosis, i-hypoglycemia kunye ne-hypovolemic shock, enokubangela ukusweleka kwiiyure ezingaphantsi kwe-24, umzekelo.

Iibhaktheriya zihlala kwilindle kangangeentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-14, kwaye inokuba yindlela yokungcolisa abanye abantu, ngakumbi xa ungazihlambi izandla zakho emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese, umzekelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nonyango njengoko kuyalelwa ngugqirha nokuba iimpawu azisekho.

Yintoni ebangela ikholera

Umntu angangcoliseka ngokufaka amanzi okanye ukutya okungcoliswe yintsholongwane, kuba ipheliswa kukugabha kunye norhudo, kwaye kunokusasazeka ngokulula. Ke, kuqhelekile ukuba usulelo lusasazeke phakathi kwabantu abahlala kwindawo enye, njengabahlali bendlu enye okanye abantu abafunda kwisikolo esinye nendawo yokusebenza, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweentlanzi zamanzi acocekileyo ezingcolileyo kunye nee-crustaceans okanye amanzi olwandle nako kunokubangela esi sifo, kuba ibacteria iyinxalenye yendalo yasemanzini. Imilambo engcolileyo, amadama kunye namachibi kunokubangela ubhubhane kwimimandla ethile kwaye, ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba usele kuphela amanzi ahluziweyo okanye abilisiweyo.

Kuba ibhaktiriya ekhoyo kwilindle yanda ngokulula phakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-40ºC, kwaye ikwaxhathisa nokubanda, ikholera zixhaphakile kwiindawo ezixineneyo zabantu, zinezimo zempilo ezigwenxa kunye nokuswela ucoceko olusisiseko.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Akukho sidingo salo naluphi na unyango olukhethekileyo lwekholera, kuyacetyiswa kuphela ukugcina ukufunxwa kwamanzi okanye i-serum ukunqanda ukomisa okubangelwa sisifo sorhudo. I-serum yokubuyisa amanzi ngomlomo, ethengwe ezikhemesti, okanye i-serum eyenziwe ekhaya, nayo inomdla ekuthinteleni nasekunyangeni ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ithathe indawo yamanzi kunye neeminerali ezilahlekileyo kuhudo nasekugabheni.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza okunqanda urhudo kunye nokugabha akukhuthazwa, kuba inokuthintela iityhefu eziveliswa zii-microorganism ekubeni zisuswe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezinokungonwabi emntwini, ugqirha angabonisa ukusetyenziswa koncedo lokugula kwaselwandle, iintlungu kunye nokuzalisa i-microbiota yamathumbu.

Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, xa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kubangela iimpawu ezinje ngokuba nesiyezi okanye ukudinwa kakhulu, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuba uhlale esibhedlele wenze i-serum ngqo emthanjeni kwaye uvavanye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, nangona ii-antibiotics zinganyanzelekanga ukuba ziphelise ikholera, ugqirha unokucebisa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kukho urhudo olunegazi, ukusetyenziswa kweSulfametoxazol-Trimethoprim, iDoxycycline okanye iAzithromycin ukunciphisa ukosuleleka kwebhaktiriya.

Iimpawu zokuphucula kunye nokuwohloka

Iimpawu eziphambili zokuphucula ikholera kukunciphisa ukugabha kunye norhudo, ukongeza umbala ophuculweyo kunye nokuncipha kobuthathaka. Sele iimpawu zokuba mandundu zilusizi, ukuncipha komzimba, amehlo atshonileyo, umlomo owomileyo, ulusu olomileyo, ukongeza ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, iicramps kunye nokubanjwa. Ukuba ezi mpawu zikhona, umntu olaliswe esibhedlele kufuneka agcinwe ukuze afumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukongeza, xa isi sifo siqatha, ikholera inokubangela ukomisa emzimbeni kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwaye oku kungakhokelela ekonakaleni kwezintso, ukutshintsha kwamathumbu, ukuqaqanjelwa sisifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokuwa kwentliziyo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukubamba

O Vibrio ikholera, eyinto esisifo esosulelayo, ayinakumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-80ºC, ke ukuthintela ikholera kuyacetyiswa ukuba usele amanzi acociweyo, ubilise amanzi etephu ngaphambi kokuwangenisa, kunye nokutya ukutya okulungisiweyo nokunikezelweyo, ukunqanda ukutya okuluhlaza njengeesaladi okanye isushi.

Xa ulungisa ukutya, kubalulekile ukuba uhlambe izandla zakho kwaye unake ukutya, ngakumbi iziqhamo ezinesikhumba esibhityileyo, ekufuneka sifakwe emanzini ngeklorin encinci ukuze sibulawe iintsholongwane. Ukongeza ekuhlambeni izandla phambi kokulungisa ukutya, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlambe izandla zakho ngesepha namanzi nanini na usebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela nanini na ugabha urhudo. Ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kweentsholongwane.

Ezi ndlela zokuthintela kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngakumbi kwimimandla engenazococeko zisisiseko, enabantu abangaphezulu okanye abo behlelwe yintlekele yendalo, umzekelo.

Ukongeza kumanyathelo othintelo, enye indlela yokuthintela ikholera kukugonya, okufumaneka kumazwe asemngciphekweni omkhulu wekholera nakwabahambi okanye abasebenzi abaya kwimimandla ebambekayo. Funda konke malunga nogonyo lwekholera.