Konke malunga nokuchumisa

Umxholo

• Kwenzeka njani ukuchumisa komntu
• In vitro isichumiso
• Iimpawu zokuchumisa
• Kwenzeka njani ukukhula kombungu
• Yenziwa njani iPlacenta
• Xa umntwana enokuzalwa

Ukuchumisa ligama lomzuzu xa isidoda sikwazi ukungena kwiqanda, sikhuphe iqanda okanye i-zygote, eya kuthi ikhule kwaye yenze umbungu, oya kuthi emva kokukhula ube sisisu, emva kokuzalwa kothathwa njengosana.

Ukuchumisa kwenzeka kwimibhobho yesibeleko kwaye iqanda okanye i-zygote iqala ukwahlula njengoko ihamba ide ifike esibelekweni. Xa ifika esibelekweni, ifakwe kwi-endometrium yesibeleko kwaye apha, ngokusesikweni, indlwana iyenzeka (indawo yokuzalela) malunga neentsuku ezi-6-7 emva kokuchumisa.

Kwenzeka njani ukuchumisa komntu

Ukuchumisa komntu kwenzeka xa isidoda singena eqandeni, kwisahlulo sokuqala setyhubhu, sibangela ukuba umfazi akhulelwe. Xa idlozi linokungena eqandeni, udonga lwayo ngoko nangoko luthintela amanye amadlozi ukuba angene.

Isidoda esinye siwela inwebu yaso, sithwele ii-chromosomes ezingama-23 ezisuka emntwini. Ngokukhawuleza, ezi chromosomes zodwa zidityaniswa nezinye i-chromosomes ezingama-23 zowasetyhini, ezenza ukuhambelana okuqhelekileyo kwama-chromosomes angama-46, ahlelwe ngamabini angama-23.

Oku kuqala inkqubo yokuphindaphindeka kweseli, umphumo wokugqibela kukuzalwa kosana olusempilweni.

In vitro isichumiso

In vitro fertilization kuxa ugqirha efaka isidoda kwiqanda, ngaphakathi kwelebhu ethile. Emva kokuba ugqirha ebona ukuba i-zygote ikhula kakuhle, ifakwe eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwesibeleko somfazi, apho inokuqhubeka nokukhula de ikulungele ukuzalwa. Le nkqubo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-IVF okanye ukusasaza okwenziweyo. Fumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokusasaza okwenziweyo apha.

Iimpawu zokuchumisa

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuchumisa zicekeceke kakhulu, kwaye zihlala zingabonwa ngumfazi, kodwa zinokuba ne-colic encinci, kunye nokopha okuncinci okanye ukuphuma okupinki, okubizwa ngokuba kukuzonwabisa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umfazi akaziboni iimpawu zokukhulelwa de kube ziiveki ezimbini emva kwendlwana. Jonga zonke iimpawu zokuchumisa kunye nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa.

Kwenzeka njani ukukhula kombungu

Ukukhula kombungu kuvela ekwakhiweni kwendlwana kude kube yiveki yesibhozo yokukhulelwa, kwaye kwesi sigaba ukwakheka kweplasenta, intambo yesibindi kunye nolwandiso lwamalungu onke lwenzeka. Ukusuka kwiveki ye-9 yokumitha umntwana omncinci ubizwa ngokuba yimbumba, kwaye emva kweveki ye-12 yokumitha ibizwa ngokuba ngumntwana ongekazalwa kwaye apha ipasecenta ikhule ngokwaneleyo ukuze, ukusukela ngoko ukuya phambili, ikwazi ukubonelela zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko ukukhula komntwana.

Yenziwa njani iPlacenta

I-placenta yenziwa licandelo loomama leengqimba ezinkulu neziphindaphindeneyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-placental sinuses, apho igazi likamama lihamba ngokuqhubekayo; Liyinxalenye yelungu elingekazalwa elimele ubukhulu becala le-villi ye-placental, ethi gqi kwizono ze-placental nalapho igazi lomntwana lijikeleza khona.

Izondlo zisasazeka kwigazi loomama ngokusebenzisa inwebu yendawo yokuhlala yegazi ukuya kwigazi lomntwana, idlula embindini womthambo ukuya embungwini.

Isiphumo sokukhupha umntwana esibelekweni esifana nekhabhon diokside, i-urea kunye nezinye izinto, sisasazeka kwigazi olungekazalwa lisiya kwigazi loomama kwaye zikhutshelwa ngaphandle yimisebenzi kamama yokuphuma. I-placenta ifihla isixa esiphakamileyo se-estrogen kunye neprogesterone, malunga namaxesha angama-30 ngaphezulu kwe-estrogen kunaleyo ifihliweyo yi-corpus luteum kunye namaxesha angama-10 ngaphezulu kweprogesterone.

Ezi hormone zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komntwana. Ngexesha leeveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, enye i-hormone ikhutshwe yi-placenta, i-chorionic gonadotropin, evuselela i-corpus luteum, ebangela ukuba iqhubeke nokukhupha i-estrogen kunye neprogesterone kwinxalenye yokuqala yokukhulelwa.

Ezi hormone kwi-corpus luteum zibalulekile ekuqhubekeni kokukhulelwa kwiiveki zokuqala ezi-8 ukuya kwezi-12. Emva kweli xesha, i-placenta ifihla inani elaneleyo le-estrogen kunye neprogesterone ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kokukhulelwa.

Xa umntwana enokuzalwa

Umntwana ukulungele ukuzalwa emva kweeveki ezingama-38 ekhulelwe, eli lelona xesha liqhelekileyo lokukhulelwa okunempilo. Kodwa umntwana unokuzalwa emva kweeveki ezingama-37 ekhulelwe ngaphandle kokuthathelwa ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa, kodwa ukukhulelwa kunokuhlala ukuya kwiiveki ezingama-42, kuyimeko eqhelekileyo.