Yintoni i-Immunotherapy, yenzelwa ntoni kwaye isebenza njani

Umxholo

• Isebenza njani i-Immunotherapy
• Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zonyango lwe-immunotherapy
• Xa kuboniswa i-immunotherapy
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka
• Apho unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokwenziwa

I-Immunotherapy, ekwabizwa ngokuba lonyango lwebhayoloji, luhlobo lonyango olomeleza amajoni omzimba ngokwenza umzimba womntu akwazi ukulwa iintsholongwane, ibhaktiriya kunye nomhlaza kunye nezifo ezizimele.

Ngokubanzi, unyango lwe-immunotherapy luqaliswa xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingakhange zibangele unyango lwesi sifo kwaye, ke, ukusetyenziswa kwaso kufuneka kuhlala kuvavanywa nogqirha onoxanduva lonyango.

Kwimeko yomhlaza, i-immunotherapy inokusetyenziswa kunye ne-chemotherapy kwimeko yonyango olunzima, kubonakala ngathi kuphucula amathuba okunyanga iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, ezinje nge-melanoma, umhlaza wemiphunga okanye umhlaza wezintso, umzekelo.

Isebenza njani i-Immunotherapy

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesifo kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso, i-immunotherapy inokusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Ukukhuthaza amajoni omzimba ukulwa esi sifo ngamandla, ukuba asebenze ngakumbi;
• Nika iiproteni ezenza amajoni omzimba asebenze ngakumbi kuhlobo ngalunye lwesifo.

Njengoko i-immunotherapy ivuselela amajoni omzimba kuphela, ayikwazi ukunyanga ngokukhawuleza iimpawu zesifo kwaye, ke, ugqirha unokudibanisa amanye amayeza, anje ngamachiza alwa nokudumba, ii-corticosteroids okanye iintlungu, ukunciphisa ukungonwabi.

Ezona ntlobo ziphambili zonyango lwe-immunotherapy

Okwangoku, zine iindlela zokusebenzisa i-immunotherapy ziyafundwa:

1. Ukondla iiseli T

Kolu hlobo lonyango, ugqirha uqokelela iiseli ze-T ezihlasela ithumba okanye ukudumba komzimba emva koko ahlalutye isampulu elabhoratri ukuchonga abo banegalelo kakhulu kunyango.

Emva kohlalutyo, izakhi zofuzo kwezi seli ziguqulwa ukuze zenze iiseli ze-T zomelele ngakumbi, zibabuyisele emzimbeni ukuze balwe nezifo ngokulula.

2. Izithintelo ze indawo yokujonga

Umzimba unenkqubo yokhuselo oyisebenzisayo iindawo zokujonga Ukuchonga iiseli ezisempilweni kunye nokuthintela amajoni omzimba ekuzitshabalaliseni. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza unokusebenzisa le nkqubo ukuguqula iiseli zomhlaza kwiiseli ezisempilweni, ukuthintela amajoni omzimba ekubeni akwazi ukuwuphelisa.

Kolu hlobo lwe-immunotherapy, oogqirha basebenzisa iziyobisi kwiindawo ezithile ukunqanda loo nkqubo kwiiseli zomhlaza, ukuvumela amajoni omzimba ukuba abuye achonge kwaye aphelise. Olu hlobo lonyango lwenziwe ikakhulu kulusu, umphunga, isinyi, izintso kunye nomhlaza wentloko.

3. Amachiza omzimba monoclonal

Ezi ntsholongwane zenziwe elebhu ukuze zikwazi ukubona ngokulula iiseli zethumba kwaye ziziphawule, ukuze amajoni omzimba aziphelise.

Ukongeza, ezinye zezi ntsholongwane zinokuthwala izinto, ezinje ngechemotherapy okanye iimolekyuli ezinemitha yeathom, ezithintela ukukhula kwethumba. Bona ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwee-antibodies ze-monoclonal kunyango lomhlaza.

4. Amayeza okugonya umhlaza

Kwimeko yezitofu zokugonya, ugqirha uqokelela iiseli zethumba emva koko azitshintshe elebhu ukuze zingangxoli. Okokugqibela, ezi seli zifakwa kwakhona emzimbeni wesigulana, ngohlobo lwesitofu, ukukhuthaza amajoni omzimba ukuba alwe nomhlaza ngokukuko.

Xa kuboniswa i-immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy iselunyango oluphantsi kwesifundo kwaye, ke ngoko, lunyango olubonakalisiweyo xa:

• Esi sifo sibangela iimpawu ezinzima eziphazamisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla;
• Esi sifo sibeka ubomi besigulana esichengeni;
• Unyango olushiyekileyo alusebenzi kwesi sifo.

Ukongeza, i-immunotherapy ikwabonakalisiwe kwimeko apho unyango olufumanekayo lubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu okanye ezinobuzaza, ezinokubusongela ubomi.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokwenzeka

Iziphumo ezingalunganga ze-immunotherapy zinokwahluka ngohlobo lonyango olusetyenzisiweyo, kunye nodidi lwesifo kunye nenqanaba lophuhliso lwaso. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhaphakileyo kubandakanya ukudinwa okugqithileyo, umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, isiyezi kunye nentlungu yomzimba.

Apho unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokwenziwa

Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy lukhetho olunokucetyiswa ngugqirha okhokela unyango lwesifo ngasinye kwaye, ke, xa kukho imfuneko, senziwa ngugqirha oyingcali kuloo ndawo.

Ke, kwimeko yomhlaza, umzekelo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokwenziwa kumaziko e-oncology, kodwa kwimeko yezifo zolusu, kufanele ukuba sele yenziwe ngugqirha wesikhumba kwaye kwimeko yokungezwani komzimba nokuphefumla ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngugqirha .