Uvavanyo lokugcwalisa

Umxholo

• Yintoni injongo yovavanyo lokuncedisa?
• Zithini iintlobo zovavanyo lokuncedisa?
• Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lokuncedisa?
• Uvavanyo lokuncedisa lwenziwa njani?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko yovavanyo lokuncedisa?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo?
• Iziphumo ezingaphezulu kwesiqhelo
• Iziphumo ezingaphantsi kuneqhelekileyo
• Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lokuncedisa?

Luyintoni uvavanyo lokuncedisa?

Uvavanyo lokuncedisa luvavanyo lwegazi olulinganisa umsebenzi weqela leeproteni kwigazi. Ezi proteni zenza inkqubo yokuncedisa, eyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Inkqubo yokuncedisa inceda izilwa-buhlungu ukulwa usulelo kunye nokutshabalalisa izinto ezingaphandle komzimba. Ezi zinto zangaphandle zinokubandakanya iintsholongwane, ibhaktiriya kunye nezinye iintsholongwane.

Inkqubo yokuncedisa ikwabandakanyeka kwindlela isifo se-autoimmune kunye nezinye iimeko zokuvuvukala ezisebenza ngayo. Xa umntu enesifo sokuzimela, umzimba ujonga izicwili zawo njengezangaphandle kwaye wenza izilwa-buhlungu ngokuchasene nawo.

Zintandathu iiprotein ezincedisayo, ezibhalwe i-C1 ukuya kwi-C9. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo inzima kakhulu. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwezinto ezingama-60 ezaziwayo kwinkqubo yamajoni omzimba zidibanisa neeproteni ezincedisayo xa zisebenza.

Umlinganiso opheleleyo wokulinganisa ujonga umsebenzi wezona zinto ziphambili zokuncedisa ngokulinganisa isixa esipheleleyo seproteyini egazini. Olunye lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lwaziwa njenge-hemolytic complement iyonke, okanye umlinganiso we-CH50.

Ukugcwalisa amanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu okanye aphezulu kakhulu kunokubangela iingxaki.

Yintoni injongo yovavanyo lokuncedisa?

Ukusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo kuvavanyo lokuncedisa kukufumanisa isifo se-autoimmune okanye ezinye iimeko zomzimba. Izifo ezithile zinokuba namanqanaba angaqhelekanga okuncoma okuthile.

Ugqirha unokusebenzisa uvavanyo lokuncedisa ukujonga inkqubela phambili yomntu ofumana unyango lwezifo ezizimele njenge-systemic lupus (SLE) okanye i-rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusebenza ngokukuko kunyango oluqhubekayo lokuphazamiseka komzimba kunye neemeko ezithile zezintso. Uvavanyo lungasetyenziselwa ukuchonga abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuxakaniseka kwezifo ezithile.

Zithini iintlobo zovavanyo lokuncedisa?

Umlinganiso opheleleyo wokulinganisa ujonga ukuba isebenza njani inkqubo yokuncedisa.

Ugqirha uhlala e-odola kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwabantu abanembali yosapho yokuncedisa ukusilela kunye nabo baneempawu zoku:

• RA
• isifo sehemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
• isifo sezintso
• SLE
• myasthenia gravis, isifo se-neuromuscular
• isifo esosulelayo, esifana ne-bacterial meningitis
• cryoglobulinemia, bubukho beeproteni ezingaqhelekanga egazini

Uvavanyo oluthile lokuncedisa, olunjengeC2, C3, kunye novavanyo lweC4, lunokunceda ukuvavanya imeko yezifo ezithile. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zakho kunye nembali, ugqirha wakho uya ku-odola umlinganiso opheleleyo wokulinganisa, olunye lweemvavanyo ezijolise ngakumbi, okanye zontathu. Ukutsalwa kwegazi kuko konke okufunekayo.

Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lokuncedisa?

Uvavanyo lokuncedisa lufuna ukutsalwa kwegazi rhoqo. Akukho lungiselelo okanye ukuzila kufuneka.

Uvavanyo lokuncedisa lwenziwa njani?

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kulandela la manyathelo okwenza ukutsalwa kwegazi:

1. Bulala iintsholongwane kwindawo yesikhumba engalweni okanye esandleni sakho.
2. Basongela ibhanti yelastic ejikeleze ingalo yakho engaphezulu ukuvumela igazi elingaphezulu ligcwalise umthambo.
3. Bafaka inaliti encinci emthanjeni wakho baze balitsale igazi kwisitya esincinci. Unokuziva ngathi uhlaba okanye uhlaba inaliti.
4. Xa ibhotile igcwele, bayayisusa ibhanti ebotshiweyo kunye nenaliti kwaye babeke i-bandage encinci kwindawo yokuhlatywa.

Kunokubakho ubukrakra bengalo apho inaliti ingene kwesikhumba. Unokuba nakho nokutyumka kancinci okanye ukubetha emva kokutsalwa kwegazi.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko yovavanyo lokuncedisa?

Ukutsalwa kwegazi kuthwala iingozi ezimbalwa. Imingcipheko ye-draw evela kwigazi ibandakanya:

• ukopha kakhulu
• intloko elula
• isiqaqa
• usulelo, olunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha ulusu lophukile

Yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unayo nayiphi na le mpawu.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo zovavanyo?

Iziphumo zomlinganiso opheleleyo wokugcwalisa zihlala zichazwa kwiiyunithi ngeemililitha. Uvavanyo olulinganisa iiproteni ezithile zokuncedisa, kubandakanya i-C3 kunye ne-C4, zixelwa ngoku ngeemiligram ngedesilitha nganye (mg / dL).

Oku kulandelayo ziqhelekileyo ukufundwa kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-16 nangaphezulu, ngokwe-Mayo Medical Laboratories. Ixabiso lingahluka phakathi kweelebhu. Ukwabelana ngesondo kunye nobudala nako kunokuchaphazela amanqanaba alindelweyo.

• Ukugcwaliswa kwegazi lilonke: iiyunithi ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-75 nge-mL nganye (U / mL)
• I-C2: 25 ukuya kwi-47 mg / dL
• I-C3: 75 ukuya kwi-175 mg / dL
• I-C4: 14 ukuya kwi-40 mg / dL

Iziphumo ezingaphezulu kwesiqhelo

Amaxabiso aphezulu kunesiqhelo anokubonisa iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Rhoqo ezi zihambelana nokudumba. Ezinye zeemeko ezinxulumene nokuxhaswa okuphezulu kunokubandakanya:

• umhlaza
• usulelo lwentsholongwane
• isifo sesibindi esingesiso esinxilisayo (NAFLD)
• isifo metabolic
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• isifo seswekile
• isifo sentliziyo
• iimeko ezingapheliyo zolusu njengepsoriasis
• ulcerative colitis (UC)

Umsebenzi wokuncedisa kwigazi usezantsi ngokubonakalayo kubantu abanezifo ezisebenzayo ezizimeleyo ezifana ne-lupus. Nangona kunjalo, amanqanaba okuncedisa igazi anokuqhelekileyo okanye aphakamileyo nge-RA.

Iziphumo ezingaphantsi kuneqhelekileyo

Amanqanaba athile okuxhasa aphantsi kunesiqhelo anokuvela nge:

• ilupus
• i-cirrhosis enomonakalo omkhulu wesibindi okanye ukusilela kwesibindi
• glomerulonephritis, uhlobo lwesifo sezintso
• I-angioedema yelifa, okuyi-episodic ukudumba kobuso, izandla, iinyawo, kunye namanye amalungu angaphakathi
• ukungondleki
• Ukuqhambuka kwesifo somzimba
• sepsis, usulelo egazini
• umothuko wokhuphamba
• usulelo lomngundo
• ezinye izifo ezithintekayo

Kwabanye abantu abanezifo ezithathelwanayo kunye nezifo ezizimeleyo, amanqanaba okuncedisa angaphantsi kangangokuba angabonakali.

Abantu abangenazo iiproteni ezithile zokuncedisa banokuba sengozini yosulelo. Ukuzalisa ukusilela kunokuba yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwezifo ezizimele.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lokuncedisa?

Emva kokutsalwa kwegazi, umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo uya kuthumela isampuli yegazi elebhu kuhlalutyo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo lokugcwalisa zizonke zinokuqheleka nokuba usilela kwiiproteni ezithile ezizalisayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela iziphumo ezisebenza ngayo kuwe.

Ugqirha wakho unokuncoma uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze enze uvavanyo lokugqibela.