Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi nge-COVID-19 kunye nenyumoniya

Umxholo

• Luluphi unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-coronavirus entsha kunye nenyumoniya?
• Yahluke njani i-COVID-19 pneumonia kwinyumoniya yesiqhelo?
• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Nini ukufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-COVID-19 pneumonia?
• Abantu abadala abadala
• Iimeko zempilo ezisisiseko
• Amandla omzimba abuthathaka
• Ichongwa njani i-COVID-19 pneumonia?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Iziphumo zexesha elide
• Iingcebiso zokuthintela
• Umgca wezantsi

I-pneumonia sisifo semiphunga. Iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi zingabangela. I-pneumonia inokubangela ukuba iingxowa zomoya ezincinci kwimiphunga yakho, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-alveoli, zizalise ulwelo.

I-pneumonia inokuba yingxaki ye-COVID-19, isigulo esibangelwe yi-coronavirus entsha eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SARS-CoV-2.

Kule nqaku siza kujonga ngakumbi i-COVID-19 pneumonia, yintoni eyenza yahluke, iimpawu zokujonga, kunye nendlela ephathwa ngayo.

Luluphi unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-coronavirus entsha kunye nenyumoniya?

Usulelo nge-SARS-CoV-2 luqala xa amathontsi okuphefumla aqukethe intsholongwane engena kumatshini wokuphefumla ophezulu. Njengoko intsholongwane isanda, usulelo lunokuqhubela phambili kwimiphunga yakho. Xa oku kusenzeka, kunokwenzeka ukuphuhlisa inyumoniya.

Kodwa kwenzeka njani oku? Ngokwesiqhelo, ioksijini oyiphefumlayo kwimiphunga yakho iwela kwigazi lakho ngaphakathi kwe-alveoli, iisakana zomoya ezincinci kwimiphunga yakho. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo nge-SARS-CoV-2 lunokonakalisa i-alveoli kunye nezicubu ezijikelezileyo.

Ngapha koko, njengoko amajoni akho omzimba esilwa nentsholongwane, ukudumba kunokubangela ulwelo kunye neeseli ezifileyo ukuba zakhe kwimiphunga yakho. Ezi zinto ziphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kweoksijini, okukhokelela kwiimpawu ezinje ngokukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.

Abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 banokuqhubeka nokukhulisa isifo sokuphefumla esiqatha (i-ARDS), uhlobo oluqhubela phambili lokungaphefumli okwenzekayo xa iisaka zomoya emiphungeni zigcwalisa ulwelo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.

Abantu abaninzi abane-ARDS badinga umoya ongenisa umoya ukubanceda baphefumle.

Yahluke njani i-COVID-19 pneumonia kwinyumoniya yesiqhelo?

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia inokufana nezinye iintlobo zepneumonia yentsholongwane. Ngenxa yoku, kunokuba nzima ukuxelela ukuba yintoni ebangela imeko yakho ngaphandle kokuvavanyelwa i-COVID-19 okanye olunye usulelo lokuphefumla.

Uphando luyaqhubeka ukumisela ukuba i-COVID-19 inyumoniya yahluke njani kwezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya. Ulwazi oluvela kwezi zifundo lunokunceda ekuchongeni nasekuqhubekiseni ukuqonda kwethu malunga nendlela i-SARS-CoV-2 echaphazela ngayo imiphunga.

Olunye uphononongo lusebenzise uvavanyo lwe-CT kunye novavanyo lwelabhoratri ukuthelekisa amanqaku ezonyango e-COVID-19 pneumonia nezinye iintlobo zepneumonia. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 kunokwenzeka ukuba babe:

• inyumoniya echaphazela yomibini imiphunga ngokuchaseneyo
• imiphunga inembonakalo "yeglasi yomhlaba" ngokubonakala nge-CT scan
• Ukungaqheleki kwezinye iimvavanyo zaselebhu, ngakumbi ezo zivavanya ukusebenza kwesibindi

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia ziyafana neempawu zezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• ifiva
• Ukugodola
• ukukhohlela, okunokuthi kungabinakho ukuvelisa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• Intlungu yesifuba eyenzekayo xa uphefumla nzulu okanye ukhohlela
• ukudinwa

Uninzi lweziganeko ze-COVID-19 zibandakanya iimpawu ezinobulali ukuya kweziphakathi. Ngokuka, inyumoniya encinci inokubakho kwabanye baba bantu.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha i-COVID-19 iba nzulu ngakumbi. I-China evela e-China yafumanisa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezili-14 zamatyala zazinzima, ngelixa iipesenti ezintlanu zahlelwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu.

Abantu abanamatyala amabi e-COVID-19 banokuba namava obunzima be-pneumonia. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ingxaki yokuphefumla kunye neqondo eliphantsi leoksijini. Kwiimeko ezinzima, inyumoniya inokuqhubela phambili kwi-ARDS.

Nini ukufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo

Qiniseka ukuba ufuna ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu unamava:

• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukukhawuleza, ukuphefumla okungaphantsi
• iimvakalelo ezingapheliyo zoxinzelelo okanye iintlungu esifubeni
• ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo
• ukudideka
• umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wemilebe, ubuso, okanye iinzipho
• unengxaki yokuhlala uphaphile okanye ubunzima bokuvuka

Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphuhlisa i-COVID-19 pneumonia?

Abanye abantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinje nge-pneumonia kunye ne-ARDS- ngenxa ye-COVID-19. Makhe sihlolisise le nkcukacha ngezantsi.

Abantu abadala abadala

Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu basemngciphekweni owandayo wokugula kakhulu ngenxa ye-COVID-19.

Ukongeza, ukuhlala kwindawo yokhathalelo yexesha elide, enje ngekhaya labongikazi okanye indawo yokuhlala encedisiweyo, nako kunokukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu.

Iimeko zempilo ezisisiseko

Abantu babo nabuphi na ubudala abaneemeko zempilo ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba semngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu kwe-COVID-19, kubandakanya inyumoniya. Iimeko zempilo ezinokukubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu zibandakanya:

• izifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga, ezinjengezifo ezingapheliyo zokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga (COPD)
• umbefu
• isifo seswekile
• iimeko zentliziyo
• isifo sesibindi
• isifo esinganyangekiyo sezintso
• ukutyeba kakhulu

Amandla omzimba abuthathaka

Ukungazinzi emzimbeni kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokugula okunzulu kwe-COVID-19. Umntu uthiwe akanakuchaphazeleka xa amajoni akhe omzimba ebuthathaka kunesiqhelo.

Ukuba ne-immune system ebuthathaka kunokubangelwa:

• ukuthatha amayeza atyhafaza amajoni akho omzimba, anje nge-corticosteroids okanye iziyobisi kwimeko yokuzimela
• unyango lomhlaza
• ukufumana ilungu okanye ugcino lomongo wethambo
• une-HIV

Ichongwa njani i-COVID-19 pneumonia?

Ukuchongwa kwe-COVID-19 kwenziwa kusetyenziswa uvavanyo olufumanisa ubukho bezinto zofuzo kwintsholongwane yokuphefumla. Oku kuhlala kubandakanya ukuqokelela isampulu ngokuswayita impumlo yakho okanye umqala.

Itekhnoloji yokulinganisa, enjenge-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan, inokusetyenziswa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuqonda isifo. Oku kunokunceda ugqirha wakho abone utshintsho kwimiphunga yakho enokubangelwa yi-COVID-19 pneumonia.

Iimvavanyo zaselebhu zinokuba luncedo ekuvavanyeni ubungqongqo besifo. Oku kubandakanya ukuqokelela isampulu yegazi kumthambo okanye umthambo wengalo yakho.

Eminye imizekelo yovavanyo enokuthi isetyenziswe ibandakanya ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) kunye nephaneli yemetabolism.

Inyangwa njani?

Okwangoku alukho unyango oluthile olwamkelweyo kwi-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamachiza njengezonyango ezinokubakho.

Unyango lwe-COVID-19 pneumonia ijolise kukhathalelo lokuxhasa. Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Abantu abane-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 bahlala befumana unyango lweoksijini. Iimeko ezinzima zingadinga ukusetyenziswa kwempepho.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abane-pneumonia yentsholongwane banokuvelisa ukosuleleka kwintsholongwane yesibini. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziselwa ukunyanga usulelo lwebacteria.

Iziphumo zexesha elide

Umonakalo wemiphunga ngenxa ye-COVID-19 unokukhokelela kwiziphumo zempilo ezingapheliyo.

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba abantu abangama-66 kwabangama-70 ababene-pneumonia ye-COVID-19 babesenamanxeba emiphunga abonakala ngovavanyo lwe-CT xa beshiya isibhedlele.

Ke, oku kunokuchaphazela njani impilo yakho yokuphefumla? Kungenzeka ukuba ubunzima bokuphefumla buqhubeke ngexesha nasemva kokuchacha ngenxa yomonakalo wemiphunga. Ukuba unenyumoniya enkulu okanye i-ARDS, unokuba nomphumo ongapheliyo wemiphunga.

Kulandelwe abantu abangama-71 kwiminyaka eli-15 emva kokuba bene-SARS, ethi ikhule ukusuka kwi-coronavirus ehambelana nayo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba izilonda zemiphunga zehle kakhulu kunyaka emva kokuchacha. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweli thuba lokuchacha, izilonda zaphakama.

Iingcebiso zokuthintela

Ngelixa kungenakuhlala kunokwenzeka ukuthintela i-COVID-19 pneumonia ekuphuhliseni, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko:

• Qhubeka nokuphumeza amanyathelo osulelo osulelo, njengokuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukuphambana ngokwasemzimbeni, nokucoca rhoqo imiphezulu echukumisayo.
• Ziqhelise imikhwa yokuphila enokunceda ukukhulisa amajoni akho omzimba, njengokuhlala uhlanjululwe, ukutya ukutya okusempilweni kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo.
• Ukuba unempilo esempilweni, qhubeka nokulawula imeko yakho kwaye uthathe onke amayeza njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Ukuba uyagula nge-COVID-19, jonga ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kwaye uhlale unxibelelana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo. Unganqikazi ukufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba iimpawu zakho ziqala ukuba zimbi.

Umgca wezantsi

Ngelixa iimeko ezininzi ze-COVID-19 zithambile, inyumoniya yinto enokubakho. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-COVID-19 inyumoniya ingakhokelela kuhlobo oluqhubekayo lokungaphefumli okubizwa ngokuba yi-ARDS.

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia inokufana nezinye iintlobo zenyumoniya. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bafumanise utshintsho kwimiphunga enokuthi ikhombe kwi-COVID-19 pneumonia. Olu tshintsho lunokubonwa ngemifanekiso ye-CT.

Akukho lonyango lwangoku lwe-COVID-19. Abantu abane-COVID-19 pneumonia bafuna ukhathalelo oluxhasayo ukunciphisa iimpawu zabo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bafumana ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Ngelixa ungekhe ukwazi ukuthintela i-COVID-19 pneumonia ekuphuhliseni, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amanyathelo osulelo osulelo, ukulawula nayiphi na imeko yezempilo, kunye nokujonga iimpawu zakho ukuba ufumana usulelo kwi-coronavirus entsha.