Yintoni kanye kanye iPasipoti yoGonyo lwe-COVID?

Umxholo

• Yintoni ipaspoti yokugonya?
• Ngaba iipaspoti zokugonya sele zikhona kwezinye izigulo?
• Ingasetyenziswa njani ipasipoti yokugonya ye-COVID-19?
• Zisebenza njani iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane?
• Ngokubanzi, ngaba iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID zilungile okanye zimbi?
• Uphengululo lwe

Njengale yesibini, malunga neepesenti ezili-18 zabemi base-US bagonywe ngokupheleleyo ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19, kwaye okuninzi ngakumbi kusendleleni yokufumana ukudubula. Oko kuphakamisa imibuzo enkulu malunga nokuba abantu abagonywe ngokupheleleyo banokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye bangene kwakhona kwiindawo zoluntu- ukusuka kumabala emidlalo nakwimidlalo yeqonga ukuya kwiminyhadala nakwiihotele- njengoko beqala ukuvula kwakhona. Esinye isisombululo esinokwenzeka esihlala sivela? Iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID.

Amagosa aseburhulumenteni eNew York, umzekelo, asungule ipasipoti yedijithali ebizwa ngokuba yi-Excelsior Pass apho abahlali banokuzikhuphelela ngokuzithandela simahla ukubonisa ubungqina bokugonywa kwe-COVID (okanye uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19 olusandula ukwenziwa). Ukupasa oku kufana netikiti lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kusetyenziselwa ukuba kusetyenziswe "kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuzonwabisa ezinje ngeMadison Square Garden" njengoko ezi zithuba ziqala ukuvulwa, ngokwe Imithombo yeendaba edibeneyo. Okwangoku, kwa-Israyeli, abahlali banokufumana into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Green Pass", okanye isatifikethi se-COVID-19 sokuzikhusela esikhutshwa nguMphathiswa Wezempilo welizwe ngeapp. Ipasi livumela abo bagonywe ngokupheleleyo, kunye nabo basandul’ ukuchacha kwi-COVID-19, ukuba bafikelele kwiindawo zokutyela, iindawo zokuzilolonga, iihotele, iithiyetha, kunye nezinye iindawo zokuzonwabisa zikawonke-wonke.

Urhulumente wase-US uxelwe ukuba uthathela ingqalelo into efanayo, nangona kungekho nto ibambekayo okwangoku. "Indima yethu kukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba naziphi na izisombululo kule ndawo mazibe lula, zikhululeke, zivuleke, zifikeleleke ebantwini ngokwamanani nangamaphepha, kwaye ziyilelwe kwasekuqaleni ukukhusela ubumfihlo babantu," utshilo uJeff Zients, impendulo ye-White House coronavirus umnxibelelanisi, utshilo kwingxelo emfutshane nge-12 kaMatshi.

Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu oxhasa olu luvo. Irhuluneli yaseFlorida uRon DeSantis kutshanje ukhuphe i-odolo yesigqeba yokuthintela amashishini ekubeni afune abathengi ukuba babonise ubungqina bokuba bagonyelwe i-COVID-19. Lo myalelo ukwalela nayiphi na iarhente yaseburhulumenteni kurhulumente ukuba ikhuphe amaxwebhu ngenjongo yokubonelela ngobungqina bokugonywa, isazi ukuba, "iipasipoti zokugonya zinciphisa inkululeko yomntu kwaye ziyakwenzakalisa ubumfihlo besigulana."

Konke oku kuphakamisa okuninzi yemibuzo malunga neencwadana zokundwendwela zesitofu kunye nokubanakho kwabo kwikamva. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi.

Yintoni ipaspoti yokugonya?

Ipaspoti yokugonya ishicilelwe okanye irekhodi yedijithali yedatha yezempilo yomntu, ngokukodwa imbali yabo yokugonywa okanye ukugonywa kwisifo esithile, kuchaza uStanley H. Weiss, MD, uprofesa kwiSikolo sezoNyango saseRutgers New Jersey kunye neSebe le-Biostatistics & Epidemiology. Isikolo seRutgers seMpilo kaRhulumente. Kwimeko ye-COVID-19, oko kunokubandakanya ulwazi malunga nokuba ngaba umntu ugonyelwe intsholongwane okanye uvavanyiwe kutshanje engenayo i-COVID.

Nje ukuba umntu anikwe incwadana yokundwendwela, umbono kukuba banokuhamba baye kwiindawo ezithile kwaye, ithiyori, banikwe ukufikelela kumashishini athile, kwiminyhadala, okanye kwimimandla ethile, ucacisa uGqirha Weiss.

Injongo jikelele yepasipoti yokugonya kukukhawulela kwaye iqulethe ukusasazeka kwesifo, utsho uGqr Weiss. "Ukuba ukhathazekile malunga nokusasaza isifo esithile, kufuneka ubhale phantsi ukuba ugonyiwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazeka kuyavakala," ucacisa. (Inxulumene: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-COVID-19 Iziphumo zeNtsholongwane)

Ipasipoti yokugonya ikwabalulekile kuhambo lwamazwe aphesheya kuba "ilizwe likumaxesha ahlukeneyo okugonya," utshilo ingcali yesifo esosulelayo u-Amesh A. Adalja, MD, umphengululi omkhulu kwiziko i-Johns Hopkins Centre loKhuseleko lwezeMpilo. Ukwazi ukuba umntu ugonyiwe kunokwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwamazwe aphesheya kuba loo mntu kusenokungafuneki ukuba amvalele yedwa okanye avavanywe, utshilo.

Ngaba iipaspoti zokugonya sele zikhona kwezinye izigulo?

Ewe. "Amanye amazwe afuna ubungqina bokugonyelwa umkhuhlane omthubi," utshilo uGqirha Adalja.

I-yellow fever, i-ICYDK, ifumaneka kwiindawo ezitshatyalalisayo zaseMzantsi Melika nase-Afrika kwaye zisasazeka ngokulunywa yingcongconi, ngokweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Isigulo "sinokubangela uqhambuko," sishiya abantu benomkhuhlane, ukubanda, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nezihlunu ezibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye, okona kubi, ukusilela kwamalungu okanye ukufa, utshilo uShital Patel, MD, unjingalwazi oncedisayo kwezamayeza kwizifo ezosulelayo kwiKholeji yaseBaylor. Iyeza. "Emva kokugonyelwa i-yellow fever, ufumana 'ikhadi elityheli' elityikityiweyo, nelaziwa njenge-International Certificate of Vaccination okanye i-Prophylaxis (okanye i-ICVP), oyithatha kuhambo lwakho" ukuba uhamba kwenye indawo ofuna ubungqina ugonyo lwe-yellow fever, uyachaza. (Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi unoluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwamazwe kunye neendawo ezifuna ikhadi lokugonya i-yellow fever.)

Nokuba awuzange ukhe uhambe naphi na apho ufuna ubungqina bokugonyelwa umkhuhlane omthubi, usenokuba uthathe inxaxheba kwipasipoti yokugonya yohlobo ngaphandle kokuyiqonda, wongeza uGqirha Patel: Uninzi lwezikolo zifuna ugonyo lwabantwana kunye namaxwebhu ezifo ezifana nemasisi, ipoliyo, kunye neHepatitis B ngaphambi kokuba abantwana babhalise.

Ingasetyenziswa njani ipasipoti yokugonya ye-COVID-19?

Ngokwethiyori, ipaspoti yesitofu sokugonya se-COVID inokuvumela abantu ukuba babuyele kubomi "obuqhelekileyo" - kwaye, ngakumbi, ukukhulula imigaqo ye-COVID-19 kwizihlwele.

"Amashishini abucala sele ecinga ngokusebenzisa ubungqina bokugonya njengendlela yokuguqula ukusebenza xa bejongana nogonyo," ucacisa uGqirha Adalja. "Sele sikubona oku kwimidlalo." I-NBA's Miami Heat, umzekelo, kutshanje ivule amacandelo agonyelwe kuphela abalandeli kwimidlalo yasekhaya (ngaphandle kwolawulo luka-Gavana DeSantis lokuthintela amashishini ekufuneni ubungqina babathengi bokugonywa kwe-COVID). Abalandeli abafumene isitofu sokugonya se-COVID "bayakwamkelwa ngesango elahlukileyo kwaye kufuneka babonise amaziko abo okugonya ikhadi lokuthintela izifo," ngamaxwebhu abhalwe kwikhadi abonisa ukuba bagonyiwe ngokupheleleyo (oko kuthetha ukuba bafumene idosi zombini iyeza lokugonya iPfizer okanye iModerna, okanye idosi enye yokugonya uJohnson & Johnson) okungenani iintsuku ezili-14, ngokweNBA.

Amanye amazwe nawo angaqala ukufuna ubungqina bokugonywa yi-COVID kubakhenkethi bamanye amazwe (amazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya i-U.S., Sele egunyazisile iziphumo zovavanyo ze-COVID ezimbi ekufikeni kwabo), utshilo uGqirha Adalja.

Okwangoku, oko akuthethi ukuba urhulumente wobumbano wase-US uza kukhupha okanye afune iipaspoti ezisemthethweni zokugonya i-COVID nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala, u-Anthony Fauci, MD, umlawuli weZiko leSizwe lase-US le-Allergy kunye neZifo ezosulelayo, utshilo. Ukuhanjiswa kwePolitiki ipodcast. "Banokuba nenxaxheba ekuqinisekiseni ukuba izinto zenziwa ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo, kodwa ndiyathandabuza ukuba urhulumente wobumbano uzakuba yeyona nto iphambili [iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID], utshilo. Nangona kunjalo, uGqirha Fauci uthe amanye amashishini kunye nezikolo zinokufuna ubungqina bokugonywa ukungena kwizakhiwo. "Anditsho ukuba kufuneka okanye bazakwenza njalo, kodwa ndithi ungabona kwangaphambili ukuba iqumrhu elizimeleyo linokuthi njani, 'Asinakukujongana nawe ngaphandle kokuba siyazi ukuba ugonyiwe,' kodwa ayizukugunyaziswa kurhulumente womanyano, utshilo.

Zisebenza njani iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane?

Kuninzi oku kuqikelelwa okwangoku, kodwa uGqirha Patel uthi iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID-19 "zinokusebenza ngokuthintela ukusasazeka," ngakumbi phakathi kwabantu abangagonywanga kwiindawo ezinamazinga aphantsi okugonya. Ukucaca, nangona kunjalo, i-CDC ithi abantu abagonywe ngokupheleleyo "basenakho ukufumana i-COVID-19 kwaye bayisasaze kwabanye," okuthetha ukuba ubungqina bogonyo abukuqinisekisi uthintelo losulelo lwe-COVID.

Ngapha koko, uGqirha Weiss uthi kunzima ukungqina ngophando ukuba ingasebenza njani le nkqubo yepaspoti yokugonya. Nangona kunjalo, uyongeza, "Kuyacaca ukuba wosuleleka kuphela yiarhente eyosulelayo ukuba uthe wachaphazeleka kuyo kwaye umntu lowo uyachaphazeleka."

Oko kuthethiweyo, iipaspoti zesitofu sokugonya i-COVID-19 ziza namandla okukhetha okanye ukucalula abantu abangenalo ithuba lokugonywa. Umzekelo, ezinye iindawo zoluntu azinazo iinkonzo ezifunekayo zokufikelela kwisitofu sokugonya, kwaye abanye abantu basenokungafuni ukugonywa ngenxa yemeko ethile yempilo, njengokugula kakhulu kwesinye sezithako zokuthintela. (Idibeneyo: Ndinayo i-COVID-19 Vaccine kwiinyanga ezi-7 ezikhulelweyo-Nantsi into endifuna ukuba uyazi)

UGqr. Patel uvuma ngelithi: “Olu lucelomngeni. "Kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba wonke umntu ofuna ukugonywa unakho ukufikelela kwisitofu sokugonya kwaye angagonywa. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka sibeke imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo ukuthintela ucalucalulo kwaye sikhusele uluntu ukuthintela ubhubhane."

Ngokubanzi, ngaba iipasipoti zokugonya ze-COVID zilungile okanye zimbi?

Iingcali zibonakala ngathi ziyayicinga loo nto abanye Imfuneko yokubonisa ubungqina bogonyo lwe-COVID iya kuba luncedo. "Kukho izibonelelo kuhlobo lwamaxwebhu ezitofu zokugonya ezifakwayo kwiimeko ezithile ukunceda ukunciphisa nokumisa ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19," ucacisa uGqirha Patel. "Njani ukuhamba kule nto kuya kuba nzima. Kufuneka ibonakale, icinge, kwaye iguquguquke, ngakumbi ukufikelela kwizitofu zokugonya. "

UGqr. Weiss uyavumelana noko. Ngelixa ephawula inkxalabo ngabantu abasebenzisa gwenxa le nkqubo (funda: beza neepaspoti ezingezizo), uthi, ekugqibeleni, "umbono wokuthintela imisebenzi ethile ngeli xesha ngexesha kwabo banamaxwebhu ezitofu zokugonya ngumbono olungileyo."

Ulwazi kweli bali luchanekile ngexesha lokushicilelwa. Njengoko uhlaziyo malunga ne-coronavirus ye-COVID-19 luqhubeka nokuvela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezinye iinkcukacha kunye nezindululo kweli bali zitshintshile ukusukela ekupapashweni kwayo. Siyakukhuthaza ukuba ujonge rhoqo ngezixhobo ezinjenge-CDC, i-WHO, kunye nesebe lezempilo likarhulumente kwindawo yakho yokufumana olona lwazi lwanamhlanje kunye neengcebiso.

Uphengululo lwe