Yintoni isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Izizathu ezinokubangela
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Izinketho zonyango
• Umahluko phakathi kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer

Isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, ngaphambili esasisaziwa ngokuba sisifo sikaPick, siseti yokuphazamiseka okuchaphazela amalungu athile obuchopho, abizwa ngokuba ziilobes zangaphambili. Oku kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangela utshintsho kubuntu, indlela yokuziphatha kunye nokukhokelela kubunzima bokuqonda kunye nokuvelisa intetho.

Olu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo lolunye lweentlobo eziphambili zezifo ze-neurodeergenerative, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kusiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye kunokwenzeka nakwabantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65, kwaye ukubonakala kwayo kunxulumene notshintsho lwemfuzo oludluliselwa kubazali luye ebantwaneni.

Unyango lwe-dementia ye-frontotemporal isekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwamachiza anciphisa iimpawu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu, kuba olu hlobo lwesifo alunanyango kwaye ludla ngokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo se-frontotemporal zixhomekeka kwiindawo zobuchopho ezichaphazelekayo kwaye zinokwahluka kumntu kumntu, nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lunokuba:

• Ukuziphatha: Ukutshintsha kobuntu, ukungxama, ukungabinakho ukuzithintela, ukuba ndlongondlongo, ukunyanzelwa, ukungabinamdla kwabanye abantu, ukungenisa izinto ezingenakudleka kunye nokuphindaphinda iintshukumo, ezinje ngokuqhwaba izandla okanye amazinyo rhoqo, kunokwenzeka;
• Ulwimi: umntu unokuba nobunzima ekuthetheni okanye ekubhaleni, iingxaki zokuqonda oko bakuthethayo, alibale intsingiselo yamagama kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kwesakhono sokuchaza amagama;
• Iinjini: ukungcangcazela kwemisipha, ukuqina kunye ne-spasms, ubunzima ekuginyeni okanye ekuhambeni, ukulahleka kokuhamba kweengalo okanye imilenze kwaye, amaxesha amaninzi, ubunzima ekulawuleni umnqweno wokuchama okanye ukuzikhupha kunokuvela.

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela kunye okanye umntu abe inye kuzo, kwaye zihlala zibonakala zithambile kwaye zihlala zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho naluphi na olu tshintsho, kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo kwi-neurologist ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe iimviwo ezithile kwaye kuboniswe unyango olufanelekileyo.

Izizathu ezinokubangela

Oonobangela be-dementia ye-frontotemporal ayichazwanga kakuhle, kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba zinokunxulumana notshintsho kwiijeni ezithile, ezinxulunyaniswe neprotein yeTau kunye neprotein ye-TDP43. Ezi proteni zifumaneka emzimbeni kwaye zinceda iiseli ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezingekaziwa, zinokonakala kwaye zibangele isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Olu tshintsho lweeprotein lunokubangelwa zizinto zemfuza, oko kukuthi, abantu abanembali yosapho yolu hlobo lwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunokwenzeka ukuba bahlupheke kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okufanayo. Ukongeza, abantu abaye bafumana ukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu banokuba notshintsho lobuchopho kunye nokuphuhlisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Funda ngakumbi malunga nentloko ebuhlungu kwaye zithini iimpawu.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Xa kuvela iimpawu, kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wezamayeza oza kwenza uvavanyo lwezonyango, oko kukuthi, uya kwenza uhlalutyo lweempawu ezichaziweyo kwaye, emva koko, angabonisa ukusebenza kovavanyo lokuphanda ukuba ngaba umntu une-frontotemporal Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Uninzi lwexesha, ugqirha ucebisa ukwenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Ukulinganisa iimviwo: njenge-MRI okanye i-CT scan ukujonga inxenye yengqondo echaphazelekayo;
• Uvavanyo lwe-Neuropsychological: kusebenza ukumisela amandla ememori kunye nokuchonga iingxaki zentetho okanye indlela yokuziphatha;
• Uvavanyo lwemfuzo: Inokubandakanya ukuvavanywa kwegazi lokuhlalutya ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweprotein kunye nokuba loluphi uhlobo olungalunganga;
• Ukuqokelelwa kotywala: ibonakalise ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iiseli zenkqubo yeemvakalelo ezichaphazelekayo;
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi: lwenziwa ngaphandle kwezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo nezesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo.

Xa ugqirha wemithambo-luvo ekrokrela ezinye izifo ezinjenge-tumor okanye i-brain clot, unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezinje ngokuskena kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, i-biopsy yengqondo okanye ukuskena kwengqondo. Bona ngakumbi ukuba yintoni i-scintigraphy yengqondo kunye nendlela eyenziwa ngayo.

Izinketho zonyango

Unyango lwe-dementia ye-frontotemporal yenziwa ukunciphisa ifuthe elibi leempawu, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila komntu, njengoko kusekho iziyobisi okanye utyando lokunyanga olu hlobo lwesifo. Nangona kunjalo, amanye amayeza anokusetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa iimpawu ezinje nge-anticonvulsants, anti-depressants kunye ne-antiepileptics.

Njengokuba esi sifo siqhubeka, umntu unokuba nobunzima bokuhamba, ukuginya, ukuhlafuna nokulawula isinyi okanye amathumbu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iiseshoni zonyango lokuthetha, ezinceda umntu ukuba enze le misebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kunokuba yimfuneko.

Umahluko phakathi kwesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer

Ngaphandle kokuba neempawu ezifanayo, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo esingaphangeliyo asibonisi lutshintsho lunye njengesifo se-Alzheimer, njengoko uninzi lwamaxesha, lufunyanwa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nama-60 ubudala, ngokwahlukileyo kwinto eyenzekayo kwisifo se-Alzheimer apho kufunyaniswa khona isifo, ikakhulu emva kweminyaka engama-60.

Ukongeza, kwisifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, iingxaki zokuziphatha, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo kunye nokukhohlisa kuqhelekile kunokulahleka kwememori, uphawu oluqhelekileyo kwisifo se-Alzheimer, umzekelo. Jonga ukuba zeziphi ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo i-Alzheimer's.