IAlkalosis

I-alkalosis yimeko apho ulwelo lomzimba lunesiseko esigqithisileyo (alkali). Oku kuchasene ne-asidi engaphezulu (i-acidosis).

Izintso nemiphunga zigcina ibhalansi efanelekileyo (inqanaba le-pH efanelekileyo) yeekhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba ziiasidi kunye neziseko emzimbeni. Ukuncipha kwenqanaba lekhabhon dayoksayidi (iasidi) okanye ukwanda kwebicarbonate (isiseko) kwenza ukuba umzimba ube yialkaline, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yialkalosis. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-alkalosis. Ezi zichazwe ngezantsi.

I-alkalosis yokuphefumla ibangelwa yinqanaba eliphantsi lekhabhon diokside egazini. Oku kunokuba ngenxa:

• Ifiva
• Ukuba kwindawo ephakamileyo
• Ukungabikho kweoksijini
• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo semiphunga, esibangela ukuba uphefumle ngokukhawuleza (hyperventilate)
• Ityhefu yeAspirin

I-alkalosis ye-Metabolic ibangelwa yi-bicarbonate eninzi egazini. Inokwenzeka kwakhona ngenxa yezifo ezithile zezintso.

I-Hypochloremic alkalosis ibangelwa kukungabikho kakhulu okanye ukulahleka kwe-chloride, njengokugabha ixesha elide.

I-alkalosis ye-Hypokalemic ibangelwa yimpendulo yokuphendula ngokusilela okanye ukulahleka kwe-potassium. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokuthatha iipilisi ezithile zamanzi (i-diuretics).

I-alkalosis ehlawulelweyo yenzeka xa umzimba ubuyisela i-asidi-base eseleyo kufutshane nesiqhelo kwimeko ye-alkalosis, kodwa amanqanaba e-bicarbonate kunye ne-carbon dioxide ahlala engaqhelekanga.

Iimpawu ze-alkalosis zingabandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukudideka (kunokuqhubela phambili ukuya kubuthongo okanye isiqaqa)
• Ukungcangcazela kwesandla
• Ubumhlophe
• Ukuxhuma kwezihlunu
• Isicaphucaphu, ukugabha
• Ubudenge okanye ukurhawuzelela ubuso, izandla okanye iinyawo
• Ukuxhamla kwemisipha ixesha elide (tetany)

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba kwaye abuze malunga neempawu zakho.

Iimvavanyo zaselebhu ezinoku-odolwa zibandakanya:

• Uhlalutyo lwegesi yegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Electrolyte, njengephaneli esisiseko ye-metabolic yokuqinisekisa i-alkalosis kwaye ubonise ukuba kukuphefumla okanye yi-metabolic alkalosis.

Olunye uvavanyo lunokufuneka ukumisela unobangela we-alkalosis. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• Umchamo pH

Ukunyanga i-alkalosis, umboneleli wakho kufuneka afumane kuqala oyena nobangela.

Kwi-alkalosis ebangelwa yi-hyperventilation, ukuphefumla kwingxowa yephepha kukuvumela ukuba ugcine i-carbon dioxide emzimbeni wakho, ephucula i-alkalosis. Ukuba inqanaba lakho leoksijini liphantsi, unokufumana ioksijini.

Amayeza anokufuneka ukulungisa iimpazamo zemichiza (ezinjengechloride nepotassium). Umboneleli wakho uya kujonga iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo (ubushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, izinga lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi).

Uninzi lweemeko ze-alkalosis ziphendula kakuhle kunyango.

Ukunganyangwa okanye ukunganyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, iingxaki zinokubandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• I-Arrhythmias (ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okukhulu, ukucotha, okanye ngokungafaniyo)
• Coma
• Ukungalingani kwe-Electrolyte (njengeqondo eliphantsi le-potassium)

Shayela umnikezeli wakho ukuba udidekile, awukwazi ukugxila, okanye awukwazi "ukubamba umphefumlo wakho."

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba kukho:

• Ukuphulukana nokuqonda
• Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweempawu ze-alkalosis
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla

Ukuthintela kuxhomekeke kwisizathu se-alkalosis.Abantu abanezintso ezisempilweni kunye nemiphunga abahlali benesikali esibi.

• Izintso

I-Effros RM, iSwenson ER. Ibhalansi yesiseko se-Acid. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 7.

I-Oh MS, i-Briefel G. Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-renal, amanzi, ii-electrolyte, kunye ne-acid-base balance. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 14.

Seifter JL. Ukuphazamiseka kwesiseko se-Acid. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 110.