Ngaba kufuneka ndisebenzise iipilisi zeswekile okanye i-insulin?

Umxholo

• Zeziphi iipilisi ezikhoyo zokunyanga isifo seswekile?
• IiBiguanides
• Isulfonylureas
• Meglitinides
• Uyenazididioniones
• I-Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
• I-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• Isodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
• Isetyenziswa njani i-insulin ukunyanga isifo seswekile?
• Isirinji
• Usiba
• Inaliti yeJet
• Ukungenisa i-insulin okanye izibuko
• Impompo ye-insulin
• Iipilisi zeswekile kunye ne-insulin
• Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Ngo-Meyi ka-2020, kucetyiswa ukuba abanye abenzi be-metformin bandise ukukhutshwa kwezinye zeetafile zabo kwintengiso yase-US. Kungenxa yokuba inqanaba elingamkelekanga le-carcinogen enokubakho (iarhente ebangela umhlaza) yafunyanwa kwezinye iipilisi ze-metformin ezandisiweyo. Ukuba ngoku uthatha eli chiza, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo. Baza kukucebisa malunga nokuba kufuneka uqhubeke na ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye ukuba ufuna iphepha elitsha.

Isifo seswekile sichaphazela indlela umzimba wakho oyisebenzisa ngayo iswekile. Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo seswekile onaso.

Kuhlobo 1 lweswekile, iipancreas ziyayeka ukuvelisa i-insulin- ihomoni enceda ukulawula iswekile, okanye iswekile, egazini lakho. Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile luqala ngokuchasene ne-insulin. I-pancreas yakho ayisayi kuvelisa i-insulin eyaneleyo okanye ayiyisebenzisi ngokufanelekileyo.

Yonke iseli emzimbeni wakho isebenzisa iswekile yamandla. Ukuba i-insulin ayenzi umsebenzi wayo, i-glucose yakha egazini lakho. Oku kubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperglycemia. Iswekile yegazi esezantsi ibizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia. Zombini zinokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu.

Zeziphi iipilisi ezikhoyo zokunyanga isifo seswekile?

Iipilisi ezahlukeneyo zinokunyanga isifo seswekile, kodwa azinako ukunceda wonke umntu. Basebenza kuphela ukuba i-pancreas yakho ivelisa i-insulin, oko kuthetha ukuba abanakunyanga uhlobo lweswekile. Iipilisi azisebenzi kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 xa i-pancreas iyekile ukwenza i-insulin.

Abanye abantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 banokuzuza ekusebenziseni amayeza kunye ne-insulin. Ezinye iipilisi zokunyanga isifo seswekile zibandakanya:

IiBiguanides

IMetformin (iGlucophage, iFortamet, iRiomet, iGlumetza) yinto enkulu. Inciphisa inani leswekile eveliswe sisibindi sakho kwaye yonyusa ubuntununtunu be-insulin. Inokuphucula amanqanaba e-cholesterol kwaye inokukunceda ukuba unciphise ubunzima obuncinci.

Ngokwesiqhelo abantu bayithatha kabini ngemini ngokutya. Ungathatha ingxelo ekhutshiweyo eyandisiweyo kube kanye ngemini.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• isisu esimoshakele
• isicaphucaphu
• ukudumba
• irhasi
• urhudo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla okwexeshana

Inokubangela ne-lactic acidosis, enqabileyo kodwa enzulu.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unomdla malunga neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kulo naliphi na iyeza elichaziweyo leswekile.

Isulfonylureas

I-Sulfonylureas ngamayeza asebenza ngokukhawuleza anceda i-pancreas ikhuphe i-insulin emva kokutya. Ziquka:

• I-glimepiride (Amaryl)
• iglyburide (Diabeta, Glynase PresTabs)
• glipizide (Glucotrol)

Abantu bahlala bethatha la mayeza kube kanye ngemini ngokutya.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• urhudo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isiyezi
• ukucaphuka
• iswekile yegazi esezantsi
• isisu esimoshakele
• irhashalala
• ukutyeba kwakho

Meglitinides

I-Repaglinide (Prandin) kunye ne-Nateglinide (Starlix) zii-meglitinides. I-Meglitinides ikhuthaza ngokukhawuleza i-pancreas ukuba ikhuphe i-insulin emva kokutya. Kufuneka usoloko uthatha i-repaglinide ngokutya.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• iswekile yegazi esezantsi
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukutyeba kwakho

Uyenazididioniones

I-Rosiglitazone (Avandia) kunye ne-pioglitazone (Actos) zii-thiazolidinediones. Ithathwe ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla, yenza ukuba umzimba wakho ubonakale ngakumbi kwi-insulin. Inokonyusa ne-HDL yakho (elungileyo) i-cholesterol.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• intloko ebuhlungu
• iintlungu zemisipha
• umqala obuhkungu
• ukugcinwa kolwelo
• ukudumba
• ukwaphuka

La machiza akonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo, ngakumbi ukuba sele usemngciphekweni.

I-Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

I-DPP-4 inhibitors inceda ukuzinzisa amanqanaba e-insulin kunye nokunciphisa ukuba ingakanani na iswekile eyenziwe ngumzimba wakho. Abantu bazithatha kube kanye ngemini.

Ziquka:

• linagliptin (I-Tradjenta)
• iSaxagliptin (iOnglyza)
• sitagliptin (Januwari)
• alogliptin (eNesina)

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• umqala obuhkungu
• Impumlo exineneyo
• intloko ebuhlungu
• usulelo lwephepha lokuphefumla
• isisu esimoshakele
• urhudo

I-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

I-Acarbose (Precose) kunye ne-miglitol (Glyset) zii-alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Bacothisa ukonakala kweecarbohydrate kwigazi. Abantu bazithatha ekuqaleni kwesidlo.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zibandakanya:

• isisu esimoshakele
• irhasi
• urhudo
• intlungu zesisu

Isodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors

I-SGLT2 inhibitors isebenza ngokumisa izintso ekubuyiseni i-glucose. Banokukunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokukunceda ukunciphisa umzimba.

Amanye ala mayeza adityaniswe kwipilisi enye.

Oku kubandakanya:

• canagliflozin (Invokana)
• dapagliflozin (Farxiga)
• empagliflozin (Jardiance)
• Imvelaphi yegama lokuqala Steglatro.

Iziphumo ezinokubakho zinokubandakanya:

• usulelo lomchamo
• usulelo lwegwele
• unxano
• intloko ebuhlungu
• umqala obuhkungu

Isetyenziswa njani i-insulin ukunyanga isifo seswekile?

Udinga i-insulin ukuze uphile. Ukuba une-1 yeswekile, kuya kufuneka uthathe i-insulin yonke imihla. Kuya kufuneka uyithathe ukuba une-type 2 yeswekile kwaye umzimba wakho awuzivelisi ngokwaneleyo uwedwa.

I-insulin ekhawulezayo- okanye esebenza ixesha elide iyafumaneka. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uzakufuna zombini ezi ndidi ukuze ugcine iswekile yegazi lakho iphantsi kolawulo.

Unokuthatha i-insulin ngeendlela ezininzi:

Isirinji

Ungathatha inaliti usebenzisa inaliti esemgangathweni kunye nesirinji ngokufaka i-insulin kwisirinji. Emva koko uyifaka ngaphakathi kwesikhumba sakho, ujikeleze indawo nganye ixesha.

Usiba

Iipeni ze-insulin zilunge ngakumbi kunenaliti eqhelekileyo. Ziyathandwa kwaye azikho buhlungu ukuzisebenzisa kunenaliti eqhelekileyo.

Inaliti yeJet

Inaliti ye-insulin jet ijongeka ngathi yipeni. Ithumela ukutshiza kwe-insulin kulusu lwakho usebenzisa umoya oxineneyo endaweni yenaliti.

Ukungenisa i-insulin okanye izibuko

Ukufakwa kwe-insulin okanye izibuko yityhubhu encinci oyifaka nje phantsi kolusu lwakho, ebanjwe endaweni yokuncamathelisa okanye ukunxiba, apho inokuhlala khona iintsuku ezimbalwa. Yindlela elungileyo ukuba ufuna ukunqanda iinaliti. Utofa i-insulin kumbhobho endaweni yokuya ngqo kulusu lwakho.

Impompo ye-insulin

Impompo ye-insulin sisixhobo esincinci, esilula nesinxibe kwibhanti lakho okanye osiphatha epokothweni. I-insulin kwibhotile ingena emzimbeni wakho ngenaliti encinci ephantsi kwesikhumba sakho. Ungayilungiselela ukuhambisa ukunyuka kwe-insulin okanye ithamo elizinzileyo imini yonke.

Iipilisi zeswekile kunye ne-insulin

Ngokuqhelekileyo akuyiyo imeko yeepilisi okanye i-insulin. Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza isincomo ngokusekwe kuhlobo lwesifo seswekile onaso, unexesha elingakanani unaso, kwaye ingakanani i-insulin oyenzayo ngokwemvelo.

Iipilisi kunokuba lula ukuzithatha kune-insulin, kodwa uhlobo ngalunye luza neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho. Kungathatha uvavanyo oluncinci kunye nephutha ukufumana eyona isebenza ngcono kuwe. Iipilisi zinokuyeka ukusebenza nokuba bezisebenza ixesha elithile.

Ukuba uqala ngeepilisi kuphela kwaye uhlobo lwesifo seswekile luye lubi, kungafuneka usebenzise i-insulin ngokunjalo.

I-insulin nayo inobungozi. Ukugqithisa kakhulu okanye kuncinci kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu. Kuya kufuneka ufunde ukuba ujonga njani isifo seswekile kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso njengoko kufuneka.

Imibuzo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Ukuba une-1 yeswekile okanye ukuba kufuneka uthathe i-insulin, sele uyazi ukuba kuya kufuneka ujonge amanqanaba eglucose egazi ngononophelo kwaye ulungelelanise i-insulin yakho ngokufanelekileyo.

Buza ugqirha wakho malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa i-insulin kwaye uqiniseke ukuba uxela amaqhuma, amaqhuma, kunye nerhashalala kulusu lwakho kugqirha.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ubeka ipilisi, nantsi imibuzo embalwa onokufuna ukuyibuza:

• Yintoni injongo yolu nyango?
• Ndingayigcina njani?
• Ndingayithatha njani?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho kwaye yintoni enokwenziwa ngazo?
• Ndijonga kangaphi amanqanaba eglucose?
• Ndingazi njani ukuba iyeza liyasebenza?

La mayeza enzelwe ukuba yinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango esibandakanya ukuzivocavoca kunye nokukhetha ukutya ngendlela efanelekileyo.