Izifo ezibangelwa luphawu

Umxholo

• 1. Umkhuhlane onamabala
• 2. Isifo seLyme
• 3. Isifo sikaPowassan
• Ulususa njani uphawu lokukalika kulusu
• Iimpawu ezilumkisayo

Amakhalane zizilwanyana ezinokufumaneka kwizilwanyana, ezinjengezinja, iikati kunye neempuku, ezinokuthwala iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane eziyingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yabantu.

Izifo ezibangelwa ngamakhalane zinzulu kwaye zifuna unyango oluthile ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesifo esasulelayo, kwaye ke ngenxa yoko, ukusilela kwamalungu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba usifumanise ngokukhawuleza esi sifo ukuze unyango olufanelekileyo luqale ngokwesi sifo.

Izifo eziphambili ezibangelwa ngamakhalane zezi:

1. Umkhuhlane onamabala

Umkhuhlane oneentsholongwane uyaziwa njengesifo sekhalane kwaye uhambelana nosulelo oludluliselwa yinkwenkwezana elosuleleke yintsholongwane Rickettsia rickettsii. Ukudluliselwa kwesi sifo ebantwini kwenzeka xa inwebu iluma umntu, idlulisela intsholongwane ngqo kwigazi lomntu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze esi sifo sidlulise, uphawu kufuneka luhlale lunxibelelana nomntu kangangeeyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10.

Kuqhelekile ukuba emva kokulunywa ngamakhalane, ukubonakala kwamabala abomvu ezihlahleni nasezinqeni akuqaphelekiyo, ukongeza kumkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-39ºC, ukugodola, iintlungu zesisu, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nentlungu engapheliyo yesihlunu. Kubalulekile ukuba isifo sichongwe sinyangwe ngokukhawuleza, kuba sinokuba neziphumo ezibi zempilo ukuba asinyangwa kakuhle. Yazi indlela yokuqonda iimpawu zomkhuhlane obonakalayo.

2. Isifo seLyme

Isifo seLyme sichaphazela uMntla Melika, ngakumbi i-United States yaseMelika kunye ne-Yuropu, sigqithiswa luphawu lohlobo Ixode, intsholongwane ebangela esi sifo ibacteria IBorrelia burgdorferi, ebangela ukusabela kwendawo ngokudumba nokubomvu. Nangona kunjalo, ibhaktiriya inokufikelela kumalungu abangela iingxaki ezinzulu ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekufeni ukuba uphawu lokukhupha alususwanga kwisiza kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane akuqali kwangoko ekuqaleni kweempawu.

Funda ngakumbi malunga neempawu kunye nonyango lwezifo zeLyme.

3. Isifo sikaPowassan

I-Powassan luhlobo lwentsholongwane olunokuchaphazela amakhalane, okuthi xa abantu beluma bayidlulise. Intsholongwane egazini labantu inokuthi ibe ye-asymptomatic okanye ikhokelele kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinje ngomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, ukugabha nokuba buthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, le ntsholongwane iyaziwa ngokuba yi-neuroinvasive, ekhokelela ekubonakaleni kweempawu kunye neempawu ezinzima.

Isifo esibi esibangelwa yintsholongwane yePowassan sinokubonakaliswa kukudumba kunye nokudumba kwengqondo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-encephalitis, okanye ukudumba kwethishu ejikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-meningitis. Ukongeza, ubukho bentsholongwane kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo kunokubangela ukulahleka kokulungelelanisa, ukudideka kwengqondo, iingxaki ngentetho kunye nelahleko yenkumbulo.

Intsholongwane yePowassan inokusasazwa ngophawu olunye olunoxanduva lwesifo seLyme, uphawu lwe-Ixode yohlobo, nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nesifo seLyme, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza ebantwini, kwimizuzu nje embalwa, ngelixa isifo seLyme, ukuhanjiswa isifo sithatha iiyure ezingama-48.

Ulususa njani uphawu lokukalika kulusu

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ezi zifo kukunganxibelelani nekhalane, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphawu olo lunamathele eluswini, kubalulekile ukuba nonxibelelwano oluninzi xa ulususa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-tweezers ukubamba uphawu kunye nokususa.

Emva koko, hlamba ulusu ngesepha kunye namanzi. Akucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise izandla zakho, ukujija okanye ukuchoboza uphawu lokukorekisha, kwaye iimveliso ezinje notywala okanye umlilo mazingasetyenziswa.

Iimpawu ezilumkisayo

Emva kokususa uphawu lokukhupha kulusu, iimpawu zokugula zinokuvela zingaphelanga iintsuku ezili-14 emva kokususwa, kucetyiswa ukuba uye esibhedlele ukuba iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, intloko ebuhlungu, amabala abomvu kulusu.