Izifo ezibangelwa yimitha yenyukliya (kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela)

Umxholo

• Iziphumo eziphambili zemitha engaphezulu
• Ungazikhusela njani kwimitha
• Ukutya kungcoliswe yimitha yenyukliya
• Ngaba iimviwo ze-X-ray zingayichaphazela impilo?

Izifo ezibangelwa yimitha yenyukliya zinokukhawuleza, njengokutsha kunye nokugabha, okanye ukuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengokuchuma okanye i-leukemia, umzekelo. Olu hlobo lweziphumo lwenzeka ikakhulu ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwemitha, eyaziwa ngokuba yimitha ye-ionizing, enesakhono sokuchaphazela iiseli zomzimba kunye nokuguqula iDNA.

Nangona iimeko ezininzi, umzimba uyakwazi ukuzilungisa kwaye ususe iiseli eziguqulweyo, xa ukuvezwa yimitha kuphezulu kakhulu, njengakwibhombu yeatom okanye iimeko zenyukliya kwizityalo, izinga lokuhlaziya alonelanga kwaye, ke, Zininzi iintlobo zeengxaki ezinokuvela.

Ubuzaza beziphumo zemitha egqithisileyo emzimbeni kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemitha, isixa kunye nexesha lokuvezwa kwimitha, kuba kokukhona ukuvezwa kukude, kokukhona umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa zizifo ezinobuzaza.

Iziphumo eziphambili zemitha engaphezulu

Iziphumo zokuqala zokuvezwa yimitha egqithisileyo zihlala zibonakala kwiiyure zokuqala, kwaye zibandakanya isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, intloko ebuhlungu, urhudo kunye nemvakalelo yokuba buthathaka.

Emva kweli xesha, kuqhelekile ukuba iimpawu ziphuculwe, kodwa emva kweentsuku okanye iiyure ezimbalwa, ezi mpawu zinokubuya zize ziqine. Ixesha elingaphezulu, iziphumo ezinje:

• Ukutsha eluswini;
• Iingxangxasi;
• Ingqondo yobuchopho, ebangelwa kukudumba kwethishu yobuchopho, kwaye okuhlala kukhokelela ekufeni. Iimpawu eziphambili zihlala zisozela, ukuxhuzula, ukungakwazi ukuhamba kunye ne-coma;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, isifo segazi esisesona sifo siqhelekileyo;
• Ukungachumi, ukungabikho exesheni kunye nokunciphisa inkanuko yesini;
• Umhlaza, ngenxa yotshintsho lweselula olubangelwa yimitha emzimbeni.

Nanini na xa kukho urhano lokuba ubonakalisiwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu lemitha ye-ionizing, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uye esibhedlele ukuqala unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ungazikhusela njani kwimitha

Ukuze uzikhusele ekuvezweni yimitha yenyukliya kunye neziphumo zayo kwimeko yengozi yenyukliya, kufuneka:

• Nciphisa ixesha lokuvezwa kumthombo wemitha;
• Yiya kude kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwimithombo yelanga. Kwimeko yengozi yenyukliya, kunyanzelekile ukuba uphume kwindawo echaphazelekayo yimitha, ekufuneka ibenkulu ngokwenani lemitha ekhutshwayo;
• Nxiba iimpahla ezifanelekileyo ezenza kube nzima kwimitha ukunxibelelana nolusu kunye nemiphunga, njengeigloves kunye neemaski;
• Kunqande ukutya okanye ukusela amanzi avela kwindawo engcolisekileyo, kuba oku kukhokelela kwimitha ngqo emzimbeni, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni.

Iziphazamiso zesisu ezifana nesicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha kunokuqatshelwa kwangoko emva kokutya ukutya okungcolileyo, ngakumbi kwiintsana nasebantwaneni.

Ukutya kungcoliswe yimitha yenyukliya

Ukusetyenziswa kokutya kunye namanzi angcoliswe yimitha yenyukliya kungakhokelela ekuveleni kwezifo ezininzi kwaye zichaphazela ikakhulu iintsana nabantwana. Ukuphazamiseka emathunjini kunye nezifo ezichaphazela igazi kunokuqatshelwa kwangoko emva kokutya oku kutya, kunokukhokelela ekuphelisweni komzimba. Imeko enzulu ingakumbi abantwana kunye nabantwana abancinci.

Ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwabemi, ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi etephu kunye nokutya okuvela kwingingqi echaphazelekayo kufuneka kuthintelwe. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukusela amanzi amaminerali avela komnye ummandla, kude neendawo ezingcolisekileyo kunye nokutya iimveliso ezinamashishini.

Ngokophando, ukuba umntu utya malunga ne-100 yeegram zokutya ezingcoliswe yimitha yenyukliya kwiveki e-1, kuqikelelwa ukuba uchanekile kwimitha efanayo eya kwamkeleka kunyaka-1 wokuvezwa, eyingozi kakhulu empilweni.

Kwingingqi ethe yachaphazeleka kwimitha yenyukliya, umntu akufuneki aphile okanye avelise nantoni na de kube kwenziwe olunye uhlalutyo ukubonisa ukuba amanqanaba emitha sele amkelekile. Oku kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukwenzeka.

Ngaba iimviwo ze-X-ray zingayichaphazela impilo?

Imitha esetyenzisiweyo kwiX-reyi nakwezinye iimvavanyo zonyango, ezinje ngecomputer tomography, enyanisweni, inokuchaphazela iiseli zomzimba kwaye ibangele ukonakala kwimpilo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ngokulandelelana ukuze le radiation ifike kwinqanaba elinakho ukuvelisa ezi ziphumo.

Uhlobo lwemitha olunokubangela iziphumo ezibi nezikhawulezileyo alubangelwa lolu hlobo lwezixhobo, kodwa zengozi zenyukliya, ezinjengokudubula kweebhombu zeatom, ingozi kumzi-mveliso wenyukliya okanye ukudubula kolunye uhlobo lwesixhobo senyukliya.