Iziphumo zePlacebo kwaye ngaba ziyinyani?

Umxholo

• Ingqondo ichaza njani isiphumo se-placebo
• Imeko yakudala
• Okulindelweyo
• Iziphumo zecebo
• Imizekelo evela kwizifundo zokwenyani
• Migraine
• Ukudinwa okunxulumene nomhlaza
• Uxinzelelo
• Yintoni esingayiqondiyo nangoku?
• Imibuzo eqhubekayo malunga nefuthe le-placebo
• Umgca wezantsi

Kwizonyango, i-placebo yinto, ipilisi, okanye olunye unyango olubonakala lungenelelo lwezonyango, kodwa alukho. I-Placebos ibaluleke kakhulu kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, apho bahlala banikwa abathathi-nxaxheba kwiqela lolawulo.

Ngenxa yokuba i-placebo ayilulo unyango olusebenzayo, akufuneki lube nefuthe elibonakalayo kwimeko. Abaphandi banokuthelekisa iziphumo ukusuka kwi-placebo ukuya kwezo zisuka kwichiza. Oku kuyabanceda ukuba babone ukuba ichiza elitsha liyasebenza na.

Unokuba uqhelene negama elithi "placebo" ngokubhekisele kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yimpembelelo ye-placebo. Iziphumo ze-placebo kuxa uphuculo lubonwa, ngaphandle kokuba umntu efumana i-placebo ngokuchaseneyo nonyango olusebenzayo.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu omnye kwabathathu ufumana isiphumo se-placebo. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nefuthe le-placebo, ukuba linokusebenza njani, kunye nemizekelo evela kuphando.

Ingqondo ichaza njani isiphumo se-placebo

Iziphumo ze-placebo zibonisa unxibelelwano olunomdla phakathi kwengqondo nomzimba okwangoku awukaziwa ngokupheleleyo. Apha ngezantsi, siza kuthetha ngeenkcazo zengqondo zempembelelo ye-placebo.

Imeko yakudala

Imeko yakudala luhlobo lokufunda. Kwenzeka xa udibanisa into kunye nempendulo ethile. Umzekelo, ukuba uyagula emva kokutya ukutya okuthile, usenokudibanisa oko kutya kunye nokugula kwaye ukunqande kwixa elizayo.

Kuba imibutho efundwe yimeko yeklasikhi inokuchaphazela isimilo, banokudlala indima kwimpembelelo ye-placebo. Makhe sijonge imizekelo embalwa:

• Ukuba uthatha ipilisi ethile yentloko, ungaqala ukudibanisa loo pilisi kunye nentlungu. Ukuba ufumana ipilisi ye-placebo ekhangeleka ngokufanayo kwintloko, usenokuthi uxele iintlungu ezinciphileyo ngenxa yalo mbutho.
• Usenokudibanisa iofisi kagqirha nokufumana unyango okanye uzive ungcono. Lo mbutho unokuthi emva koko ube nefuthe kwindlela oziva ngayo malunga nonyango olufumanayo.

Okulindelweyo

Iziphumo ze-placebo zinengcambu enkulu kulindelo lomntu. Ukuba ulindelwe kwangaphambili kwinto ethile, banokuchaphazela umbono wakho ngayo. Ke ngoko, ukuba ulindele ukuba ipilisi ikwenze uzive ungcono, unokuziva ungcono emva kokuyithatha.

Unako ukuvelisa ulindelo lokuphucuka kwiindidi ezininzi zeendlela. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ngomlomo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi angakuxelela ukuba ipilisi iyakusebenza ekunyangeni imeko yakho.
• Izenzo. Unokuziva ungcono xa wenze into esebenzayo ukulungisa imeko yakho, njengokuthatha ipilisi okanye ukufumana inaliti.
• Ezentlalo. Ithoni kagqirha wakho welizwi, ulwimi lomzimba, kunye nokudibana kwamehlo kunokuqinisekisa, kukwenza uzive uqinisekile malunga nonyango.

Iziphumo zecebo

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ayizizo zonke iziphumo ze-placebo eziluncedo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zinokuba mandundu endaweni yokuphucula xa ufumana i-placebo.

Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisiphumo secebo. Inkqubo ye-placebo kunye ne-nocebo isiphumo kukholelwa ukuba ziyafana, zombini zibandakanya izinto ezinje ngemeko yokulindela kunye nolindelo.

Imizekelo evela kwizifundo zokwenyani

Apha ngezantsi, siza kuvavanya imizekelo emithathu yempembelelo ye-placebo kwizifundo zokwenyani.

Migraine

Kuvavanywa ukuba ukubhalwa kweziyobisi kuchaphazele njani i-episodic migraine kubantu abangama-66. Yile ndlela isifundo esenziwe ngayo:

1. Abathathi-nxaxheba bacelwa ukuba bathathe ipilisi iziqendu ezithandathu ezahlukileyo zemigraine. Ngexesha lezi ziqendu, banikwa indawo ye-placebo okanye ye-migraine ebizwa ngokuba nguMaxalt.
2. Ukuphawulwa kweepilisi kwahluka kwisifundo sonke. Banokubhalwa njenge-placebo, iMaxalt, okanye naluphi na uhlobo (olungathathi hlangothi).
3. Abathathi-nxaxheba baceliwe ukuba bavavanye ubunzima beentlungu kwimizuzu ye-30 kwisiqendu se-migraine, bathathe ipilisi yabo abayabelweyo, kwaye emva koko bavavanye ubunzima beentlungu iiyure eziyi-2.5 kamva.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba izinto ezilindelweyo ezibhalwa yileyibhile yeepilisi (i-placebo, iMaxalt, okanye ukungathathi hlangothi) zibe nefuthe kubuhlungu obuxeliweyo. Nazi iziphumo:

• Njengoko bekulindelwe, uMaxalt ubonelele ngesiqabu ngakumbi kune-placebo. Nangona kunjalo, iipilisi ze-placebo zajongwa ukuba zibonelela ngesiqabu ngakumbi ngaphandle kolawulo lonyango.
• Ukuphawula kubaluleke kakhulu! Kuzo zombini i-Maxalt kunye ne-placebo, inqanaba loncedo la-odolwa ngokusekwe kwelebheli. Kuwo omabini la maqela, iipilisi ezibhalwe njengeMaxalt zaziphezulu, ukungathathi hlangothi kwakuphakathi, kwaye i-placebo yayisezantsi.
• Esi siphumo sasinamandla kangangokuba iMaxalt ibhalwe njenge-placebo yalinganiswa ukubonelela malunga nesixa esifanayo sokufumana indawo njenge-placebo ebhalwe njengeMaxalt.

Ukudinwa okunxulumene nomhlaza

Ukukhathala kusenokuba luphawu oluqhubekayo kwabanye abasindileyo bomhlaza. Ujonge kwiziphumo ze-placebo xa kuthelekiswa nonyango njengesiqhelo kuma-74 abasindileyo bomhlaza ngokudinwa. Isifundo sasekwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Kwiiveki ezi-3, abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana ipilisi ebhalwe elubala njengendawo yokuhlala okanye bafumana unyango lwabo njengesiqhelo.
2. Emva kweeveki ezi-3, abantu abathatha iipilisi ze-placebo bayeka ukuzithatha. Ngeli xesha, abo bafumana unyango oluqhelekileyo babenokhetho lokuthatha iipilisi ze-placebo iiveki ezintathu.

Emva kokugqitywa kophononongo, abaphandi baqwalasele ukuba i-placebo, nangona ibhalwe njalo, inefuthe kuwo omabini amaqela abathathi-nxaxheba. Iziphumo zazi:

• Emva kweeveki ezi-3, iqela le-placebo laxela iimpawu eziphuculweyo xa kuthelekiswa nezo zifumana unyango njengesiqhelo. Baye baqhubeka nokuxela iimpawu eziphuculweyo ngaphezulu kweeveki ezi-3 emva kokuyeka.
• Abantu abafumana unyango njengesiqhelo abagqibe ekubeni bathathe ipilisi ye-placebo iiveki ezintathu baxela ukuphucuka kweempawu zabo zokudinwa emva kweeveki ezintathu.

Uxinzelelo

Kuphandwe isiphumo se-placebo kubantu abangama-35 abanexinzelelo. Abathathi-nxaxheba bebengathathi amanye amayeza oxinzelelo ngelo xesha. Uphononongo lusekwe ngolu hlobo:

1. Umntu ngamnye othathe inxaxheba ufumene iipilisi ze-placebo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zibhalwe njenge-antipressant esebenzayo esebenzayo (indawo esebenzayo) ngelixa ezinye zibhalwe njenge-placebo (indawo engasebenziyo). Iqela ngalinye lathatha iipilisi kangangeveki.
2. Ekupheleni kweveki, uvavanyo lwePET lwalulinganisa umsebenzi wengqondo. Ngexesha lokuskena, iqela le-placebo elisebenzayo lafumana inaliti ye-placebo, lixelelwa ukuba linokuphucula imeko yabo. Iqela le-placebo elingasebenziyo alifumananga naliti.
3. La maqela mabini atshintshe iintlobo zeepilisi enye iveki. Iskena sesibini sePET esenziwe ekupheleni kweveki.
4. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba emva koko bafumana unyango ngamachiza okulwa uxinzelelo kwiiveki ezili-10.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba abanye abantu banamava esiphumo se-placebo kwaye esi siphumo sichaphazele ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokuphendula kwizidambisi zengqondo. Iziphumo zezi:

• Ukwehla kweempawu zokudakumba kwaxelwa xa abantu babethatha indawo esebenzayo.
• Ukuthatha i-placebo esebenzayo (kubandakanya inaliti ye-placebo) yayinxulunyaniswa nokuskena kwe-PET okubonisa ukwanda kokusebenza kwengqondo kwiindawo ezinxulumene nemvakalelo kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo.
• Abantu abanamava okwanda kwengqondo kule ndawo bahlala benempendulo ephuculweyo kwizidambisi ezisetyenzisiweyo ekupheleni kwesifundo.

Yintoni esingayiqondiyo nangoku?

Ngelixa isiphumo se-placebo siqwalaselwe kwiimeko ezininzi, kusekuninzi malunga noku esingakuqondiyo. Izifundo ziyaqhubeka kwaye sifunda ngakumbi minyaka le.

Omnye wemibuzo emikhulu kukunxibelelana phakathi kwengqondo nomzimba. Ngaba izinto zengqondo ezinje ngokulindelweyo zichaphazela njani okwenzekayo ngaphakathi kuthi?

Siyazi ukuba isiphumo se-placebo sinokukhokelela ekukhutshweni kweemolekyuli ezincinci ezincinci ezinje ngeeurotransmitters kunye neehomoni. Ezi zinokusebenzisana namanye amalungu omzimba ukwenza utshintsho. Nangona kunjalo, kusafuneka sisebenze iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokunxibelelana okuntsonkothileyo.

Ukongeza, isiphumo se-placebo sibonakala ngathi sinefuthe elibonakalayo kwiimpawu ezithile, ezinjengeentlungu okanye uxinzelelo, hayi ezinye. Oku kuzisa imibuzo emininzi.

Imibuzo eqhubekayo malunga nefuthe le-placebo

• Zeziphi iimpawu ezichaphazeleka sisiphumo se-placebo? Ukuba kunjalo, bungakanani ubukhulu besiphumo?
• Ngaba ukusebenzisa i-placebo kwezi mpawu kuyasebenza okanye kuyasebenza ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa amayeza?
• Impembelelo ye-placebo inokuphucula ezinye iimpawu kodwa ayinyangi. Ngaba kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-placebo endaweni yamayeza?

Umgca wezantsi

I-placebo yipilisi, inaliti, okanye into ebonakala ngathi lunyango, kodwa ayisiyiyo. Umzekelo we-placebo uya kuba yipilisi yeswekile esetyenziswa kwiqela lolawulo ngexesha lovavanyo lweklinikhi.

Iziphumo ze-placebo kuxa kubonakala ukuphuculwa kweempawu, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa unyango olungasebenziyo. Kukholelwa ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yeengqondo ezinje ngokulindelweyo okanye imeko yakudala.

Uphando lufumene ukuba isiphumo se-placebo sinokunciphisa izinto ezinjengeentlungu, ukudinwa, okanye uxinzelelo. Nangona kunjalo, asikazazi ezona ndlela zisebenzayo emzimbeni ezinegalelo koku. Oososayensi ngoku basebenza ukuphendula lo mbuzo nangaphezulu.