Ngaba Ukutya Intlanzi Ecocekileyo Kukhuselekile kwaye Kusempilweni?

Umxholo

• Iindidi zeentlanzi eziluhlaza
• Usulelo lweparasitic olusuka kwintlanzi ekrwada
• Isibindi sibaleka
• Iintshulube zentshulube
• Iintshulube
• Usulelo lweBacteria
• Intlanzi ekrwada inokuba nexabiso lezinto ezingcolisayo
• Zithini iinzuzo zokutya intlanzi eluhlaza?
• Indlela yokunciphisa iingozi zentlanzi eluhlaza
• Umgca osezantsi

Kukho izizathu zokuba abantu bapheke intlanzi ngaphambi kokuba bayitye, kunokuba bayisebenzise iluhlaza.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukupheka kubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezidleleli ezinokubangela izifo.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bakhetha ukuthungwa kunye nokunambitheka kwentlanzi eluhlaza. Iyaziwa kakhulu eJapan njengenxalenye yeesitya ezinje ngeSushi kunye nesashimi.

Kodwa ikhuseleke kangakanani intlanzi eluhlaza? Eli nqaku liphonononge umngcipheko kunye nezibonelelo.

Iindidi zeentlanzi eziluhlaza

Izitya zentlanzi eluhlaza ziyakhula ngokuthandwa. Nantsi imizekelo embalwa:

• USushi: Udidi lwezitya zaseJapan, i-sushi ibonakaliswa ngokupheka, irayisi enomdiliya kunye nezinye izithako, kubandakanya intlanzi eluhlaza.
• Sashimi: Esinye isidlo saseJapan esineentlanzi okanye inyama yenyama eluhlaza.
• Thabatha: Isaladi yaseHawaii ngokwesiko yenziwe ngeentlanzi zentlanzi eluhlaza enongwe kwaye ixutywe nemifuno.
• Ceviche: Isitya sokutya saselwandle esincinci esithandwa eLatin America. Iqukethe iintlanzi eziluhlaza eziphilisiweyo kwilamula okanye ngejusi yelamuni.
• ICarpaccio: Ngokwesiqhelo e-Itali, i-carpaccio sisitya esivela ekuqaleni sinenkcenkci ecoliweyo okanye egalelwe inyama yenkomo eluhlaza. Ixesha linokugubungela izitya ezifanayo ezibandakanya ezinye iintlobo zenyama ekrwada okanye intlanzi.
• IPai pla: Isitya esikuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia esineentlanzi ezicoliweyo ezicujiweyo ezixutywe nejusi yelamuni kunye nezinye izithako, kubandakanya isosi yentlanzi, igalikhi, isilisisi, imifuno nemifuno
• I-herring ekhutshiwe: I-herring eluhlaza engaxutywanga eqhelekileyo eNetherlands.
• Igravlax: Isitya seNordic esenziwe nge-salmon eluhlaza esinyangiweyo kwiswekile, ityuwa nakwidill. Ngokwesiqhelo ityiwa nesosi yemastadi.

Ezi zitya ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko yokutya kwihlabathi jikelele.

Intlanzi ekrwada sisithako esiphambili kwizitya ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwihlabathi liphela, kubandakanya iSushi, iSashimi kunye neCeviche.

Usulelo lweparasitic olusuka kwintlanzi ekrwada

Isifunxi-gazi sisityalo okanye isilwanyana esondla enye into ephilayo, eyaziwa ngokuba ngumbuki zindwendwe, ngaphandle kokunikezela ngembuyekezo.

Ngelixa ezinye izifunxi-gazi zingabangeli naziphi na iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibukhali, uninzi zinokubangela ingozi enkulu kwixesha elide.

Usulelo lwe-parasitic ebantwini yingxaki enkulu yezempilo kumazwe amaninzi akweleenjiko. Uninzi lwazo ludluliselwa ngamanzi okusela asulelekileyo okanye ukutya okungaphekwanga kakuhle, kubandakanya neentlanzi eziluhlaza.

Nangona kunjalo, ungawunciphisa lo mngcipheko ngokuthenga iintlanzi eziluhlaza kwiivenkile zokutyela okanye abathengisi abathe baziphatha kakuhle bazilungiselela.

Apha ngezantsi sisishwankathelo sezinye zezifo eziphambili zezidalwa ezinokudluliselwa ebantwini emva kokutya iintlanzi eziluhlaza okanye ezingaphekwanga.

Isibindi sibaleka

Iintshulube zesibindi lusapho lwe-parasitic flatworms ezibangela isifo esaziwa ngokuba yi-opisthorchiasis.

Usulelo luxhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yetropiki yaseAsia, eAfrika, eMzantsi Melika naseMpuma Yurophu ().

Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba malunga nezigidi ezili-17 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela, uninzi lwabo kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, bachaphazeleka yiopisthorchiasis.

Iintsholongwane zesibindi zabantu abadala zihlala kwizibindi zabantu abanesifo kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo, apho zondla khona ngegazi. Banokubangela ukwanda kwesibindi, isifo se-bile duct, ukudumba kwe-gallbladder, i-gallstones kunye nomhlaza wesibindi ().

Unobangela ophambili we-opisthorchiasis ubonakala ngathi utya intlanzi eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle. Izandla ezingahlanjwanga kunye nokulungiswa kokutya okungcolileyo kunye neempahla zasekhitshini nazo zidlala indima (,).

Iintshulube zentshulube

Iintshulube zentlanzi ziyasasazwa ziye kubantu abatya iintlanzi zamanzi amdaka okanye ezingaphekwanga zasemanzini okanye iintlanzi zolwandle ezisasazeka kwimilambo yamanzi acocekileyo. Oku kubandakanya isalmon.

Zizona zifunxi gwenxa zinkulu ezaziwayo ukosulela abantu, zifikelela kubude obuziimitha ezingama-15 ubude. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kwizigidi ezingama-20 zabantu abanokosulelwa kwihlabathi liphela (,).

Ngelixa iintlanzi zeentshulube zentlanzi zihlala zingabangeli zimpawu, zisenokubangela isifo esaziwa ngokuba yi-diphyllobothriasis.

Iimpawu zediphyllobothriasis zihlala zithambile kwaye zibandakanya ukudinwa, ukungonwabi esiswini, urhudo okanye ukuqhina ().

Iintshulube ze tapeworm zisenokubamba izixa ezikhulu zezakha mzimba wamathumbu, ngakumbi ivithamini B12. Oku kunokuba negalelo kumanqanaba asezantsi e-vitamin B12 okanye ukusilela ().

Iintshulube

Iintshulube ezingqukuva ezinesidudu zinokubangela isifo ekuthiwa yianisakiasis. Ezi ntshulube zihlala kwiintlanzi zaselwandle, okanye iintlanzi ezichitha inxalenye yobomi bazo elwandle, njenge-salmon.

Usulelo luxhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla apho iintlanzi zihlala zityiwa zikrwada okanye zityiwa kancinci okanye zetyiwa, kubandakanya iScandinavia, iJapan, iNetherlands kunye noMzantsi Melika.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiparasites ezithwalwa ziintlanzi, Anisakis Iintshulube ezingqukuva azinakuhlala ebantwini ixesha elide.

Bazama ukugqobhoza eludongeni lwamathumbu, apho banamathela khona kwaye ekugqibeleni bafe. Oku kunokubangela ukusabela okuqatha komzimba okukhokelela kukudumba, iintlungu zesisu kunye nokugabha (,).

I-Anisakiasis nayo inokubangela ukuba amajoni omzimba aphendule xa iintlanzi sele zityiwe ().

Olunye usapho lweentshulube ezingqukuva lunokubangela isifo esaziwa njenge gnathostomiasis ().

Ezi ntshulube zifumaneka kwintlanzi ekrwada okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle, iinkukhu kunye namasele e-Southeast Asia, Latin America, India nase Mzantsi Afrika. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo alufane lubekho ngaphandle kweAsia.

Iimpawu eziphambili ziintlungu zesisu, ukugabha, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nomkhuhlane. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokubangela izilonda kulusu, irhashalala, ukurhawuzelela nokudumba ().

Kuxhomekeke ekubeni kuphi emzimbeni womninimzi izibungu ezifunxayo ezifudukayo, usulelo lunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kumalungu ahlukeneyo.

Ukutya rhoqo iintlanzi eziluhlaza kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-parasitic. Uninzi lwee-parasites ezihanjiswa ziintlanzi zihlala ebantwini, nangona uninzi lwazo lunqabile okanye lufumaneka kuphela kwiindawo ezitshisayo.

Usulelo lweBacteria

Esinye isizathu sokuba intlanzi iphekwe ngumngcipheko wetyhefu yokutya.

Iimpawu eziphambili zetyhefu yokutya zibandakanya isisu esibuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha kunye norhudo.

Izinto ezinobungozi ezinobungozi ezifunyenwe kwiintlanzi eziluhlaza zibandakanya IListeria, Vibrio, IClostridium kwaye Salmonella (, , ).

Olunye uphononongo oluvela e-US lufumanise ukuba malunga ne-10% yokutya kwaselwandle okurhabaxa kunye neepesenti ezi-3 zezilwanyana zaselwandle eziluhlaza ezivavanyiweyo Salmonella ().

Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abasempilweni, umngcipheko wokutya ityhefu ekutyeni iintlanzi eziluhlaza ngokubanzi kuncinci.

Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka, njengabantu abadala, abantwana abancinci kunye nezigulana ze-HIV, basesichengeni sokosuleleka lula. La maqela anobungozi kakhulu kufuneka aphephe inyama ekrwada kunye neentlanzi.

Ukongeza, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo bahlala becetyiswa ngokuchasene nokutya iintlanzi eziluhlaza ngenxa yomngcipheko we IListeria usulelo, olunokubangela ukufa komntwana.

Okwangoku, malunga ne-12 kubo bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo abangama-100,000 bayosuleleka e-US ().

Omnye umngcipheko onxulunyaniswa nokutya intlanzi ekrwada yityhefu yokutya. Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka kufuneka bakuphephe ukutya inyama ekrwada kunye neentlanzi.

Intlanzi ekrwada inokuba nexabiso lezinto ezingcolisayo

Izinto ezingcolisayo ezingapheliyo (i-POPs) zinetyhefu, iikhemikhali eziveliswa kwimizi-mveliso, ezinjenge-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) kunye ne-polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs).

Iintlanzi ziyaziwa ngokuqokelela ii-POPs, ngakumbi iintlanzi ezifama, ezifana nesalmon. Ukusetyenziswa kokutya kweentlanzi okungcolileyo kubonakala kungoyena nobangela (,,).

Ukutya okuphezulu kwezi zinto zingcolisayo kunxulunyaniswa nezifo ezingapheliyo kubandakanya umhlaza kunye nohlobo 2 lweswekile (,).

Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba isixa se-POPs sasimalunga neepesenti ezingama-26 kwiisalmon eziphekiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nesalmon eluhlaza yohlobo olunye ().

Isinyithi esinzima esinetyhefu, njenge-mercury, ikwayinto exhalabisa impilo. Olunye uphononongo lufumanise ukuba inani le-bioaccessible mercury lalingama-50-60% ezantsi kwintlanzi ephekiweyo kunentlanzi eluhlaza ().

Indlela esebenza ngayo ayicacanga ncam, kodwa ibonakala inxulumana nelahleko yamanqatha kwiifillets zentlanzi ngelixa ziphekwayo.

Nangona ukupheka iintlanzi kunokuba luncedo ekunciphiseni ukubonakaliswa kwakho kukungcola okuninzi, akunakusebenza kuzo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo ().

Ukupheka iintlanzi kubonakala kunciphisa amanqanaba ezingcoliseko ezithile, kubandakanya ii-PCBs, ii-PBDEs kunye ne-mercury.

Zithini iinzuzo zokutya intlanzi eluhlaza?

Kukho izibonelelo ezimbalwa zempilo zokutya intlanzi eluhlaza.

Okokuqala, iintlanzi eziluhlaza aziqulathanga izinto ezingcolisayo ezithi zenziwe xa intlanzi ifrijiwe okanye yojiwe. Umzekelo, iintlanzi eziphekwe phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu zinokuqulatha amaxabiso ahlukeneyo eeheterocyclic amines ().

Izifundo zokujonga zinxulumene nokutya okuphezulu kwee-heterocyclic amines ezinobungozi obonyukayo bomhlaza ().

Okwesibini, ukuloba iintlanzi kunokunciphisa isixa se-omega-3 fatty acids, enjenge-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) kunye ne-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (,).

Ngamafutshane, ezinye iinkalo zomgangatho wesondlo zinokuthotywa xa kuphekwe intlanzi.

Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izibonelelo zokutya iintlanzi eziluhlaza ezingenanto yakwenza nempilo. Ukungabikho kokupheka konga ixesha, kwaye ukuxabisa izitya zentlanzi eluhlaza kunceda ekugcineni ukwahluka kwenkcubeko.

Intlanzi ekrwada ayiqulathanga ukungcola okunokuvela ngexesha lokupheka. Inokubonelela ngamanqanaba aphezulu ezakha-mzimba ezithile, njenge-omega-3 fatty acids.

Indlela yokunciphisa iingozi zentlanzi eluhlaza

Ukuba uyayonwabela incasa kunye nokwakheka kwentlanzi ekrwada, kukho iindlela ezininzi onokuthi uwunciphise umngcipheko wosulelo lwe-parasitic kunye ne-bacteria.

• Yitya kuphela iintlanzi eziluhlaza ezigcinwe ngumkhenkce: Iintlanzi ezibandayo ngeveki -4 ° F (-20 ° C), okanye iiyure ezili-15 ngo -31 ° F (-35 ° C), sisicwangciso esisebenzayo sokubulala izifunxi-gazi. Kodwa gcinani engqondweni ukuba ezinye iifriji zasekhaya zisenokungabandi ngokwaneleyo ().
• Hlola iintlanzi zakho: Ukujonga iintlanzi ngokubonakalayo ngaphambi kokuba uzitye kuluncedo, kodwa kungoneli kuba iiparasites ezininzi kunzima ukuzibona.
• Thenga kubathengisi abaziwayo: Qiniseka ukuba uthenga intlanzi kwiivenkile zokutyela ezithenjiweyo okanye abathengisi beentlanzi abazigcinileyo baziphatha ngokufanelekileyo.
• Thenga intlanzi efrijiweyo: Thenga kuphela intlanzi efrijiweyo okanye eboniswe phantsi kwekhava kwibhedi eshinyeneyo yomkhenkce.
• Qiniseka ukuba inuka kamnandi: Musa ukutya iintlanzi ezinuka kamuncu okanye intlanzi egqithisileyo.
• Musa ukugcina iintlanzi ezintsha ixesha elide: Ukuba awuyibambisi intlanzi yakho, yigcine kumkhenkce kwifriji yakho kwaye uyitye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa uyithengile.
• Musa ukushiya iintlanzi ixesha elide: Ungaze ushiye iintlanzi ngaphandle kwefriji ngaphezulu kweyure enye okanye ezimbini. Iibhaktheriya zanda ngokukhawuleza kwiqondo lokushisa.
• Hlamba izandla zakho: Coca izandla zakho emva kokuphatha intlanzi ekrwada ukuze ungangcolisi ukutya okuphatha emva koko.
• Coca ikhitshi lakho kunye nezinto zakho: Izixhobo zasekhitshini kunye neendawo zokulungiselela ukutya kufuneka zicocwe ngokufanelekileyo ukunqanda ungcoliseko.

Ngelixa ukubanda kungabulali zonke iintsholongwane, kuyekisa ukukhula kwabo kwaye kunokunciphisa amanani abo ().

Nangona ukuhamba ngolwandle, ukucoceka okanye ukuloba okutshisayo kunganciphisa inani lezidleleli kunye neebhaktiriya eziqulathiweyo, ezi ndlela azithembekanga ngokupheleleyo kuthintelo lwezifo ().

Eyona ndlela yokulahla iiparasites kwiintlanzi eziluhlaza kukuyiqandisa -4 ° F (-20 ° C) kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe. Ukukhenkceza kwakhona kuyayeka ukukhula kwebhaktiriya, kodwa akubulali zonke iintsholongwane.

Umgca osezantsi

Ukutya iintlanzi eziluhlaza kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo lwe-parasitic kunye netyhefu yokutya. Nangona kunjalo, ungawunciphisa umngcipheko ngokulandela izikhokelo ezimbalwa ezilula.

Okokuqala, soloko uthenga iintlanzi zakho kubanikezeli ababekekileyo.

Ukongeza, iintlanzi eziluhlaza kufanele ukuba zifriziwe ngaphambili, njengoko zikumkhenkce -4 ° F (-20 ° C) kangange veki kufuneka zibulale zonke iiparasites.

Gcina intlanzi enyibilikiweyo emkhenkceni kwifriji kwaye uyitye kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

Ukulandela ezi zikhokelo, ungonwabela iintlanzi eziluhlaza ekhaya nakwiindawo zokutyela ngomngcipheko omncinci kwimpilo yakho.