Ihemoglobin electrophoresis: yintoni, yenziwa njani kwaye yenzelwe ntoni
Umxholo
I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis yindlela yokuchonga ejolise ekuchongeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zehemoglobin ezinokufumaneka zijikeleza egazini. IHemoglobin okanye i-Hb yiprotein ekhoyo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinoxanduva lokuzibophelela kwioksijini, ezivumela ukuthuthwa kwizicwili. Funda ngakumbi malunga nehemoglobin.
Ukusuka ekuchongeni uhlobo lwehemoglobin, kunokwenzeka ukujonga ukuba ngaba umntu unesifo esimalunga ne-hemoglobin synthesis, enje nge-thalassemia okanye i-sickle cell anemia, umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ze-hematological and biochemical.
Yenzelwe ntoni
I-hemoglobin electrophoresis iyacelwa ukuba ichonge utshintsho olwakhiweyo kunye nokusebenza okunxulumene ne-hemoglobin synthesis. Ke, kunokucetyiswa ngugqirha ukufumanisa isifo seasleya, ihemoglobin C isifo kunye nokwahlula thalassemia, umzekelo.
Ukongeza, kunokucelwa ngenjongo yokucebisa ngemfuza izibini ezifuna ukuba nabantwana, umzekelo, ukwaziswa ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba umntwana abe nohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka egazini okunxulumene nokudityaniswa kwehemoglobin. I-hemoglobin electrophoresis inoku-odolwa njengesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo sokujonga izigulana esele zifunyenwe zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin.
Kwimeko yeentsana ezisandul 'ukuzalwa, uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin luchongwa kuvavanyo lwesithende, olubalulekileyo ekuchongeni isifo se-sickle cell anemia, umzekelo. Jonga ukuba zeziphi izifo ezifunyanwayo kuvavanyo lwesithende.
Kwenziwa njani
I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis yenziwa ngokuqokelelwa kwesampulu yegazi yingcali eqeqeshwe kwilabhoratri ekhethekileyo, kuba ingqokelela engachanekanga inokubangela i-hemolysis, oko kukuthi, ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ezinokuthi ziphazamisane nesiphumo. Qonda ukuba liqokelelwa njani igazi.
Ingqokelela kufuneka yenziwe ngokuzila kwesigulana ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-4 kunye nesampulu ethunyelweyo ukuba ihlolwe kwilabhoratri, apho iintlobo zehemoglobin ezikhoyo kwisigulana zichongiwe. Kwezinye iilebhu, akukho mfuneko yokuba ukhawuleze ukuqokelela. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba ufune isikhokelo kwilebhu kunye nogqirha ngokuzila ukutya kwiimviwo.
Uhlobo lwehemoglobin luchongwa yi-electrophoresis kwi-alkaline pH (ejikeleze i-8.0 - 9.0), eyindlela esekwe kwinqanaba lokufuduka kwemolekyuli xa iphantsi kombane, kunye nokubonakala kweebhendi ngokobungakanani nobunzima be imolekyuli. Ngokwephethini yebhanti efunyenweyo, uthelekiso lwenziwa kunye nephethini eqhelekileyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuchongwa iihemoglobins ezingaqhelekanga zenziwa.
Ungazicacisa njani iziphumo
Ngokomboniso webhendi ebekiweyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uchonge uhlobo lwehemoglobin yesigulana. IHemoglobin A1 (HbA1) inobunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli, ukufuduka okuninzi akuqatshelwa, ngelixa iHbA2 ilula, ingena nzulu kwijel. Le pateni yebhanti itolikwa elabhoratri kwaye ikhutshwe ngohlobo lwengxelo kugqirha nakwisigulana, isazisa ngohlobo lwehemoglobin efunyenweyo.
I-hemoglobin ye-Fetal (i-HbF) ikho koxinzelelo oluphezulu emntwaneni, nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukukhula kusenzeka, ukugxila kwe-HbF kuncipha ngelixa i-HbA1 inyuka. Ke, ukugxila kuhlobo ngalunye lwehemoglobin kuyahluka ngokobudala, kwaye kuhlala kunjalo:
| Uhlobo lwehemoglobin | Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo |
| HbF | 1 ukuya kwi-7 yeentsuku zobudala: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-84%; I-8 ukuya kwi-60 yeentsuku zobudala: ukuya kwi-77%; Iinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ubudala: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40%; Iinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ubudala: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7.0% Iinyanga ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-12 ubudala: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3.5%; Iinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezi-18 ubudala: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.8%; Abantu abadala: 0.0 ukuya ku-2.0% |
| HbA1 | 95% okanye ngaphezulu |
| HbA2 | 1,5 - 3,5% |
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu baneenguqu ezakhiweyo okanye ezisebenzayo ezinxulumene ne-hemoglobin synthesis, ekhokelela kwi-hemoglobins engaqhelekanga okanye eyahlukileyo, enje nge-HbS, HbC, HbH kunye ne-Barts 'Hb.
Ke, ukusuka kwi-hemoglobin electrophoresis, kunokwenzeka ukubona ubukho behemoglobins ezingaqhelekanga kwaye, ngoncedo lwenye indlela yokuqonda isifo ebizwa ngokuba yi-HPLC, kunokwenzeka ukukhangela uxinzelelo lweehemoglobins eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga, ezinokuthi zibonise:
| Isiphumo sehemoglobin | Uxilongo lwe-hypothesis |
| Ubukho be HbSS | I-Sickle cell anemia, ebonakaliswa kukutshintsha kobume beseli ebomvu yegazi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwetyathanga le-beta yehemoglobin. Yazi iimpawu ze-sickle cell anemia. |
| Ubukho be I-HbAS | Uphawu lweseli yokugula, apho umntu ephethe ufuzo olunoxanduva lwe-sickle cell anemia, kodwa engazibonakalisi iimpawu, nangona kunjalo inokudlulisela lo mfuziselo kwezinye izizukulwana: |
| Ubukho be HbC | Ukuchazwa kwesifo seHemoglobin C, apho i-HbC crystals inokujongwa khona kwigazi smear, ngakumbi xa isigulana siyi-HbCC, apho umntu ene-hemolytic anemia yeedigri ezahlukeneyo. |
| Ubukho be Ibarts hb | Ubukho bolu hlobo lwe-hemoglobin bubonisa imeko enzulu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hydrops fetalis, enokubangela ukusweleka kosana olungekazalwa kwaye ngenxa yoko ikhuphe isisu. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-fetal hydrops. |
| Ubukho be HbH | Iimpawu zesifo seHemoglobin H, esibonakaliswa yimvula kunye ne-extravascular hemolysis. |
Kwimeko yokuchongwa kwe-sickle cell anemia ngovavanyo lwesithende, isiphumo esiqhelekileyo yi-HbFA (Oko kukuthi, umntwana une-HbA kunye ne-HbF, eqhelekileyo), ngelixa iziphumo ze-HbFAS kunye ne-HbFS zibonakalisa uphawu lweseli yesikela. kunye ne-sickle cell anemia ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ukuchongwa okwahlukileyo kwe-thalassemias kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-hemoglobin electrophoresis enxulunyaniswa ne-HPLC, apho kugxininiswa khona i-alpha, i-beta, i-delta kunye ne-gamma chain, eqinisekisa ukungabikho okanye ubukho bezi ntambo ze-globin kwaye, ngokweziphumo , misela uhlobo lwe-thalassemia. Funda indlela yokuchonga i-thalassemia.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa kwaso nasiphi na isifo esinxulumene nehemoglobin, kufuneka ku-odolwe ezinye iimvavanyo ezinje nge-iron, ferritin, transferrin dosage, ukongeza kubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo. Jonga indlela yokutolika ubalo lwegazi.
Kucetyiswa Wena
Iitayi ongenakuzithatha ngelixa uncancisa
