I-Emphysema

Umxholo

• Isishwankathelo
• Yintoni i-emphysema?
• Yintoni ebangela emphysema?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-emphysema?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-emphysema?
• Ifunyaniswa njani i-emphysema?
• Luthini unyango lwe-emphysema?
• Ngaba kuthintelwa i-emphysema?

Isishwankathelo

Yintoni i-emphysema?

I-Emphysema luhlobo lweCOPD (isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga). I-COPD liqela lezifo zemiphunga ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukuphefumla kwaye zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Olunye uhlobo oluphambili lweCOPD yi-bronchitis engapheliyo. Uninzi lwabantu abane-COPD bane-emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo, kodwa ukuba lukhulu kangakanani uhlobo ngalunye lungahluka kumntu kumntu.

I-Emphysema ichaphazela iisaka zomoya kwimiphunga yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi ngxowa zinwebeka okanye zolulwa. Xa uphefumlela ngaphakathi, ingxowa yomoya nganye igcwalisa ngomoya, njengebhaluni encinci. Xa uphefumlela ngaphandle, izingxowa zomoya ziyaphuma, kwaye umoya uyaphuma.

Kwi-emphysema, iindonga eziphakathi kweengxowa zomoya ezininzi emiphungeni zonakele. Oku kubangela ukuba iingxowa zomoya zilahlekelwe yimilo yazo kwaye zibe yifloppy. Umonakalo nawo ungazitshabalalisa iindonga zeengxowa zomoya, okukhokelela ekubambeni kunye nasezingxoweni ezinkulu zomoya endaweni yezincinci ezincinci. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima kwimiphunga yakho ukuhambisa ioksijini kunye nekhabhon diokside emzimbeni wakho.

Yintoni ebangela emphysema?

Unobangela we-emphysema uhlala ekuchaseni ixesha elide kwizicaphukiso ezonakalisa imiphunga yakho kunye neendlela zomoya. EUnited States, umsi wecuba ngoyena nobangela. Umbhobho, icigar, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomsi wecuba nazo zinokubangela i-emphysema, ngakumbi ukuba uyaphefumla.

Ukuvezwa kwezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo kunokufaka isandla kwi-emphysema. Oku kubandakanya ukutshaya okutsha, ungcoliseko lomoya, kunye nomsi wamachiza okanye uthuli oluvela kwindalo esingqongileyo okanye kwindawo yokusebenza.

Rare, imeko yemfuza ebizwa ngokuba yi-alpha-1 antitrypsin defence inokudlala indima ekubangeleni i-emphysema.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni we-emphysema?

Imiba yomngcipheko we-emphysema ibandakanya

• Ukutshaya. Le yeyona nto iphambili emngciphekweni. Ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-75 zabantu abane-emphysema okanye abasebenzisa ukutshaya.
• Ukuchaphazeleka kwexesha elide kwezinye izinto eziphazamisayo zemiphunga, ezinje ngomsi wecuba, ukungcola komoya, kunye nomsi wamachiza kunye nothuli oluvela kwindalo esingqongileyo okanye kwindawo yokusebenza.
• Ubudala. Uninzi lwabantu abane-emphysema baneminyaka engama-40 ubuncinci ubudala xa iimpawu zabo ziqala.
• Imfuza. Oku kubandakanya i-alpha-1 antitrypsin defence, eyimeko yemfuza. Kwakhona, abantu abatshayayo abafumana i-emphysema kunokwenzeka ukuba bayifumane ukuba banembali yosapho ye-COPD.

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-emphysema?

Ekuqaleni, awunakuba nazimpawu okanye kuphela iimpawu ezibuthathaka. Njengoko esi sifo siya sisiba mandundu, iimpawu zakho zihlala zisiba nzima. Banokubandakanya

• Ukukhohlela rhoqo okanye ukuvutha
• Isikhohlela esivelisa uninzi lwencindi
• Ukuphefumla kancinci, ngakumbi ngokwenza umthambo
• Isandi okanye impempe xa uphefumla
• Ukuqina esifubeni sakho

Abanye abantu abane-emphysema bafumana usulelo lokuphefumla rhoqo njengokubanda kunye nomkhuhlane. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-emphysema inokubangela ukunciphisa umzimba, ukuba buthathaka kwimisipha yakho esezantsi, kunye nokudumba emaqatheni, ezinyaweni okanye emilenzeni.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-emphysema?

Ukwenza isifo, umboneleli wakho wezempilo

• Uya kubuza malunga nembali yakho yezonyango kunye nembali yosapho
• Uya kubuza malunga neempawu zakho
• Ngamana ungenza iimvavanyo zelebhu, ezinje ngovavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga, i-x-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan, kunye novavanyo lwegazi

Luthini unyango lwe-emphysema?

Akukho lunyango lwe-emphysema. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokunceda ngeempawu, lucothise inkqubela phambili yesi sifo, kwaye luphucule amandla akho okuhlala usebenza. Kukwakho nonyango lokuthintela okanye ukunyanga iingxaki zesi sifo. Unyango lubandakanya

• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njenge
  • Ukuyeka ukutshaya ukuba uyatshaya. Eli lelona nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu onokulithatha ukunyanga i-emphysema.
  • Ukuphepha ukutshaya okutshaya kunye neendawo apho unokuphefumla kwezinye izinto ezingafunekiyo zemiphunga
  • Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngesicwangciso sokutya esiya kuthi sihlangabezane neemfuno zakho zesondlo. Buza nokuba ungayenza kangakanani imisebenzi yomzimba. Umsebenzi womzimba unokuqinisa izihlunu ezikunceda uphefumle kwaye uphucule impilo yakho yonke.
• Amayeza, njenge
  • Iibronchodilators, ezenza izihlunu zihambe komoya wakho. Oku kunceda ukuvula iindlela zakho zomoya kwaye kwenza ukuphefumla kube lula. Uninzi lwebronchodilators zithathwa nge-inhaler. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-inhaler inokuqulatha i-steroids ukunciphisa ukudumba.
  • Amachiza omkhuhlane kunye ne-pneumococcal pneumonia, kuba abantu abane-emphysema basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu kwezi zifo
  • Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba ufumana usulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lwentsholongwane
• Unyango lweoksijini, ukuba une-emphysema eqatha kunye namanqanaba asezantsi eoksijini egazini lakho. Unyango lweoksijini lunokukunceda uphefumle ngcono. Unokufuna ioksijini eyongezelelweyo ngalo lonke ixesha okanye ngamaxesha athile kuphela.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yemiphunga, eyinkqubo enceda ukuphucula impilo yabantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla ezingapheliyo. Inokubandakanya
  • Inkqubo yokwenza umthambo
  • Uqeqesho kulawulo lwezifo
  • Iingcebiso ngezondlo
  • Iingcebiso ngokwengqondo
• Ugqirha, njengesiqhelo sokugqibela kubantu abaneempawu ezinzima ezingakhange zibengcono ngamayeza. Kukho utyando
  • Susa izicwili ezonakeleyo zemiphunga
  • Susa izithuba zomoya ezinkulu (i-bullae) ezinokuthi zenze xa kutshatyalaliswa iisaka zomoya. Ii-bullae zinokuphazamisa ukuphefumla.
  • Yenza utyando lwemiphunga. Oku kunokuba yinto enokukhetha kuyo ukuba une-emphysema ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuba une-emphysema, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ungalufumana nini kwaye phi uncedo lweempawu zakho. Kuya kufuneka ufumane ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo ukuba uneempawu ezinzima, ezinje ngengxaki yokubamba umphefumlo wakho okanye ukuthetha. Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu okanye ukuba unempawu zosulelo, njengomkhuhlane.

Ngaba kuthintelwa i-emphysema?

Kuba ukutshaya kubangela iimeko ezininzi ze-emphysema, eyona ndlela yokuthintela kukungatshayi. Kukwabalulekile ukuzama ukunqanda ukucaphuka kwemiphunga okunje ngomsi osele uvela, ungcoliseko lomoya, umsi wemichiza nothuli.

I-NIH: Intliziyo yeSizwe, iMiphunga kunye neZiko leGazi