Ngokuzimela encephalitis: yintoni, unobangela kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Uxilongo lwenziwa njani
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Yintoni enokubangela i-encephalitis

I-autoimmune encephalitis kukudumba kwengqondo okuvela xa amajoni omzimba ehlasela iiseli zengqondo ngokwazo, iphazamisa ukusebenza kwazo kwaye zibangele iimpawu ezinje ngokugungqa emzimbeni, utshintsho olubonakalayo, ukuxhuzula okanye ukuphazamiseka, umzekelo, onokuthi okanye ungashiyi i-sequelae .

Esi sifo sinqabile, kwaye sinokuchaphazela abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Kukho iindidi ngeendidi ze-autoimmune encephalitis, njengoko zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-antibody ehlasela iiseli kunye nendawo yengqondo echaphazelekayo, eminye yemizekelo ephambili yokuba yi-anti-NMDA encephalitis, i-encephalitis okanye i-limbic encephalitis umzekelo , ezinokuvela ngenxa yesifo, emva kosulelo okanye ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.

Nangona i-autoimmune encephalopathy ingenalo unyango oluthile, inokunyangwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinye iziyobisi, ezinje nge-anticonvulsants, i-corticosteroids okanye ii-immunosuppressants, umzekelo, ezithomalalisa iimpawu, zinciphise ukudumba kwaye zincede zibuyise konke ukusebenza kwengqondo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kuba i-encephalitis ye-autoimmune ichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo, iimpawu ziyahluka ngommandla ochaphazelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Ubuthathaka okanye utshintsho kubuntununtunu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba;
• Ukuphulukana nokulingana;
• Kunzima ukuthetha;
• Iintshukumo zokuzibandakanya;
• Umbono utshintsha, njengokungaboni kakuhle;
• Ubunzima bokuqonda kunye notshintsho kwimemori;
• Ukutshintsha incasa;
• Kunzima ukulala kunye nokuphazamiseka rhoqo;
• Utshintsho kwiimvakalelo okanye kubuntu.

Ukongeza, xa unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-neuron luchaphazeleka ngamandla, zinokuvela njengokubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ubuqhetseba okanye iingcinga zeparanoid.

Ke, ezinye iimeko ze-encephalitis ezenzekelayo zingachongwa gwenxa, njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuhlobo lwe-schizophrenia okanye i-bipolar disorder. Xa oku kusenzeka, unyango alwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iimpawu zinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye zingabonisi zimpawu zokuphucuka okubonakalayo.

Uxilongo lwenziwa njani

Ukuze ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwesi sifo kubalulekile ukuba udibane ne-neurologist, njengoko ngaphezu kokuvavanya iimpawu kubalulekile ukwenza ezinye iimvavanyo zokuxilonga, ezifana nokuhlalutya kwe-cerebrospinal fluid, imaging resonance imaging okanye i-electroencephalogram ukufumana izilonda zobuchopho ezibonisa ubukho be-encephalitis ezenzekelayo.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa kwakhona ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho ii-antibodies ezinokubangela ezi ntlobo zotshintsho. Ezinye ze-autoantibodies eziphambili zichasene ne-NMDAR, anti-VGKC okanye anti-GlyR, umzekelo, ngokuthe ngqo kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-encephalitis.

Ukongeza, ukuphanda i-encephalitis, i-autoimmune encephalitis, ugqirha kufuneka akhuphe ezinye izizathu ezibangelwa kukudumba kwengqondo, ezinjengeentsholongwane okanye usulelo lwebacteria.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-encephalitis ye-autoimmune iqaliswa ngolunye okanye nangaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango zilandelayo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwecorticosteroids, ezinje ngePrednisone okanye iHydrocortisone, ukunciphisa ukuphendula kwamajoni omzimba;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-immunosuppressants, ezinje ngeRituximab okanye iCyclophosphamide, yokwehlisa ngamandla kwisenzo samajoni omzimba;
• IPlasmapheresis, ukucoca igazi kunye nokususa ii-antibodies ezingaphezulu ezibangela isifo;
• Inaliti ye-Immunoglobulinkuba ithatha indawo yokubopha kwee-antibodies eziyingozi kwiiseli zobuchopho;
• Ukususwa kwamathumba Oko kunokuba ngumthombo weentsholongwane ezibangela i-encephalitis.

Amayeza anokufuneka kwakhona ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinje nge-anticonvulsants okanye i-anxiolytics, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuba umntu ochaphazeleke yi-autoimmune encephalitis ayokulungiswa, kwaye kunokubakho isidingo sonyango lomzimba, unyango lomsebenzi okanye ukulandelelwa kwengqondo, ukunciphisa iimpawu kunye nokunciphisa i-sequelae enokwenzeka.

Yintoni enokubangela i-encephalitis

Unobangela othile wolu hlobo lwe-encephalitis alukaziwa, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi kubonakala kubantu abasempilweni. Kukwakholelwa ukuba ii-autoantibodies zinokuvela emva kweentlobo ezithile zosulelo, ziibhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kwimveliso yeentsholongwane ezingafanelekanga.

Nangona kunjalo, i-encephalitis ye-autoimmune inokubonakala njengenye yeempawu zethumba kude, ezinje ngomhlaza wemiphunga okanye wesibeleko, umzekelo, obizwa ngokuba yi-paraneoplastic syndrome. Ke ngoko, kubukho be-encephalitis ezenzekelayo, kufuneka uphande ubukho bomhlaza.