Ukujamelana ne-End-Stage COPD

Umxholo

• Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuphela kwinqanaba leCOPD
• Ukuhlala kwinqanaba lokuphela kweCOPD
• Ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga
• Lungiselela imozulu
• Unonophelo lonyango
• Amanqanaba (okanye amabakala) eCOPD
• Imbonakalo
• Ubunzima
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nomsebenzi
• Umgama uhambe ngemizuzu emithandathu
• Ubudala
• Kufutshane nongcoliseko lomoya
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kotyelelo kugqirha
• Ukujamelana neCOPD
• I-Q & A: Izinto zokuthomalalisa
• Q:
• A:

ICOPD

Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD) yimeko eqhubekayo echaphazela ukukwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle komntu. Ibandakanya iimeko ezininzi zonyango, kubandakanya i-emphysema kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo.

Ukongeza kumandla ancitshisiweyo okuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngokupheleleyo, iimpawu zinokubandakanya ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo kunye nokwanda kwemveliso yesikhohlela.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngeendlela zokunciphisa inqanaba lokugqibela leempawu zeCOPD kunye nezinto ezidlala kwimbonakalo yakho ukuba unale meko inzima.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu zokuphela kwinqanaba leCOPD

Inqanaba lokugqibela le-COPD liphawulwe ngokuphefumla okunzima (i-dyspnea), kwanaxa uphumle. Kule nqanaba, amayeza awanakusebenza njengokuba ayenjalo ngaphambili. Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla iya kukushiya uphefumla ngakumbi.

Isigaba sokugqibela seCOPD sikwathetha ukwanda kokundwendwela isebe likaxakeka okanye izibhedlele ngenxa yokuphefumla, usulelo lwemiphunga, okanye ukusilela ekuphefumuleni.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-pulmonary luqhelekile kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-COPD, elinokukhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo esekunene. Unokufumana ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezileyo (tachycardia) ngaphezulu kwe-100 beats ngomzuzu. Olunye uphawu lokuphela kwinqanaba leCOPD kukuqhubeka kokuphulukana nobunzima.

Ukuhlala kwinqanaba lokuphela kweCOPD

Ukuba utshaya iimveliso zecuba, ukuyeka yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza nakweliphi na inqanaba leCOPD.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza ukunyanga i-COPD enokuthi ikhulule iimpawu zakho. Oku kubandakanya i-bronchodilators, enceda ukwandisa i-airways yakho.

Zimbini iintlobo zebronchodilators. I-bronchodilator esebenza ngokufutshane (ihlangula) isetyenziselwa ukuqala ngesiquphe kokuphefumla okufutshane. I-bronchodilator esebenza ixesha elide inokusetyenziswa yonke imihla ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu.

I-Glucocorticosteroids inokunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba. La mayeza anokuhanjiswa kwindlela yakho yomoya kunye nemiphunga nge-inhaler okanye nge-nebulizer. I-glucocorticosteroid ihlala inikwa ngokudibeneyo ne-bronchodilator esebenza ixesha elide kunyango lweCOPD.

I-inhaler sisixhobo esiphathwayo esilingana nepokotho, ngelixa i-nebulizer inkulu kwaye isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ekhaya. Ngelixa i-inhaler kulula ukuyiphatha xa uhamba nawe, ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuba unexesha elinzima usebenzisa i-inhaler, ukongeza i-spacer kunokunceda. I-spacer yityhubhu encinci yeplastiki enamathela kwi-inhaler yakho.

Ukutshiza amayeza e-inhaler kwi-spacer kuvumela amayeza ukuba enze inkungu kwaye azalise ispacer ngaphambi kokuphefumla kuwo.

I-nebulizer ngumatshini ojika iyeza elingamanzi libe yinkungu eqhubekayo oyifaka kwimizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ngexesha ngemaski okanye ngomlomo odityaniswe yityhubhu kumatshini.

Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo iyafuneka ukuba unamanqanaba okuphela kweCOPD (inqanaba 4).

Ukusetyenziswa kwalo naluphi na unyango kunokwenzeka ukuba lonyuke ngokubonakalayo ukusuka kwinqanaba 1 (COPD emnene) ukuya kwinqanaba 4.

Ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga

Unokuxhamla kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho lokuzilolonga. Iingcali zonyango kwezi nkqubo zinokukufundisa iindlela zokuphefumla ezinciphisa ubunzima obusebenzela ukuphefumla. Eli nyathelo linokunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Unokukhuthazwa ukuba utye ukutya okuncinci, okuneprotheyini ephezulu kwindawo nganye yokuhlala, ezinje ngeeprotein ziyangcangcazela. Ukutya okuneproteni ephezulu kunokuphucula impilo yakho kwaye kuthintele ukwehla komzimba.

Lungiselela imozulu

Ukongeza ekuthatheni la manyathelo, kuya kufuneka uphephe okanye unciphise izinto ezaziwayo zeCOPD. Umzekelo, unokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla ngexesha leemeko zemozulu ezigadalala, njengokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokufuma okanye ukubanda, amaqondo obushushu asomileyo.

Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukutshintsha imozulu, unokulungiswa ngokunciphisa ixesha olichitha ngaphandle ngexesha lobushushu obugqithisileyo. Amanye amanyathelo onokuwathatha aquka oku kulandelayo:

• Soloko ugcina inhaler engxamisekileyo kunye nawe kodwa hayi emotweni yakho. Inhalers ezininzi zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo xa zigcinwa kubushushu begumbi.
• Ukunxiba isikhafu okanye imaski xa usiya ngaphandle kumaqondo obushushu abandayo kunokunceda ukufudumeza umoya ophefumla kuwo.
• Kunqande ukuya ngaphandle ngeentsuku apho umgangatho womoya ungalunganga kwaye inkungu kunye nenqanaba lokungcola liphezulu. Ungajonga umgangatho womoya okujikeleze apha.

Unonophelo lonyango

Ukunyamekela okanye ukunyamekela i-hospice kunokunyusa kakhulu ubomi bakho xa uhlala neCOPD yokuphela. Ukungaqondi okuqhelekileyo malunga nokunakekelwa kwepalliative kukuba yeyomntu oza kudlula kungekudala. Oku akusoloko kunjalo.

Endaweni yoko, ukhathalelo lokuthambisa lubandakanya ukufumanisa unyango olunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho kunye nokunceda abanonopheli bakunike ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo. Eyona njongo iphambili yokunyamekela kunye nokunyamekela abaguli kukuthomalalisa iintlungu zakho kunye nokulawula iimpawu zakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Uya kusebenza neqela loogqirha kunye nabongikazi ekucwangciseni iinjongo zakho zonyango kunye nokukhathalela impilo yakho yomzimba kunye neemvakalelo kangangoko.

Buza ugqirha wakho kunye nenkampani yeinshurensi ngolwazi malunga nokhetho lokunyamekela.

Amanqanaba (okanye amabakala) eCOPD

I-COPD inezigaba ezine, kwaye ukuhamba komoya kwakho kuya kuncipha kwinqanaba ngalinye lokudlula.

Imibutho eyahlukeneyo inokuchaza inqanaba ngalinye ngokwahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lokwahlulahlula kwabo lusekwe kwinxalenye yovavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga owaziwa njengovavanyo lwe-FEV1. Lo ngumthamo womoya onyanzelekileyo wokuphuma kwimiphunga yakho ngomzuzwana omnye.

Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zichazwa njengepesenti kunye nemilinganiselo yokuba ungaphuma umoya ongakanani ngexesha lesibini lokuphefumla ngenkani. Ithelekiswa noko kulindelweyo kwimiphunga esempilweni yobudala obufanayo.

NgokweZiko leMiphunga, iikhrayitheriya zebakala ngalinye leCOPD (inqanaba) zezi zilandelayo:

Amabakala asezantsi anokuthi okanye angahambi kunye neempawu ezingapheliyo, ezinje ngesikhohlela esingaphezulu, ukuphefumla okubonakalayo ngokuzimisela, kunye nokukhohlela okungapheliyo. Ezi mpawu zihlala zixhaphake njengoko ukonyuka kobukrakra beCOPD.

Ukongeza, izikhokelo ze-Global Initiative yeZifo eziNgapheliyo zezifo zemiphunga (GOLD) zikwahlulahlulahlula abantu abane-COPD kumaqela abhalwe A, B, C, okanye D.

Amaqela achazwa bubuzaza beengxaki ezinje nge-dyspnea, ukudinwa, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuqaqanjelwa okukhulu.

Ukunyuka kwamaxesha ngamaxesha xa iimpawu ziba mandundu ngakumbi. Iimpawu zokuxhalabisa zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela okhulayo, ukwanda kwemveliso ye-mucus eluhlaza okanye eluhlaza, ukuvuthwa okungaphezulu, kunye namazinga e-oksijini aphantsi kwegazi.

Amaqela A kunye no-B afaka abantu abangakhange baxakeke kunyaka ophelileyo okanye kuphela encinci engafunanga kulaliswa esibhedlele. Ubuncinci ukuya kwi-dyspnea ethambileyo kunye nezinye iimpawu ziya kukubeka kwiQela A, ngelixa i-dyspnea neempawu ezibi kakhulu zinokukubeka kwiQela B.

Amaqela C no-D abonisa ukuba ubuncinci ubuncinci obukhe bufuna ukwamkelwa esibhedlele kunyaka ophelileyo okanye ubuncinci bezinto ezibini ezenze okanye ezingafunanga kulaliswa esibhedlele.

Ubunzima bokuphefumla okungathethekiyo kunye neempawu zikubeka kwiQela C, ngelixa uneengxaki zokuphefumla ezininzi kuthetha ukutyunjwa kweQela D.

Abantu abanesigaba se-4, ileyibhile yeQela D banombono oqinisekileyo.

Unyango alunakubuyisa umva kumonakalo osele wenziwe, kodwa unokusetyenziselwa ukuzama ukunciphisa inkqubela phambili yeCOPD.

Imbonakalo

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-COPD, uya kufuna ukongeza ioksijini yokuphefumla, kwaye ngekhe ukwazi ukugqibezela imisebenzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kokuba nomoya kwaye udiniwe. Ukuwohloka ngesiquphe kweCOPD kweli nqanaba kunokuba semngciphekweni wokufa.

Ngelixa ukumisela inqanaba kunye nenqanaba leCOPD kuya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba akhethe unyango olufanelekileyo, ayizizo kuphela izinto ezichaphazela umbono wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqaphela oku kulandelayo:

Ubunzima

Nangona ukutyeba kakhulu kunokwenza ukuphefumla kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba une-COPD, abantu abane-COPD yokuphela kwinqanaba bahlala betyebile. Oku kungenxa yokuba nesenzo sokutya sinokubangela ukuba ubethwe ngumoya kakhulu.

Ukongeza, kweli nqanaba, umzimba wakho usebenzisa amandla amaninzi ukugcina ukuphefumla. Oku kunokubangela ukulahleka komzimba okuchaphazela impilo yakho yonke.

Ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nomsebenzi

Eli linqanaba ofumana ngalo ukuphefumla okufutshane xa uhamba okanye ezinye izinto zomzimba. Inokukunceda ukumisela ubungqongqo beCOPD yakho.

Umgama uhambe ngemizuzu emithandathu

Ukuhamba kude unokuhamba ngemizuzu emithandathu, isiphumo esingcono onokuthi ube naso ngeCOPD.

Ubudala

Ngobudala, i-COPD iya kuqhubeka ngamandla, kwaye umbono uthambekele ekubeni lihlwempu ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngakumbi kubantu abadala.

Kufutshane nongcoliseko lomoya

Ukuchaphazeleka kukungcoliseka komoya kunye nomsi wecuba osele uqhubeke ungonakalisa imiphunga yakho kunye neendlela zomoya.

Ukutshaya kunokuchaphazela imbonakalo. Ngokwento ebijonge kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala baseCaucasus, ukutshaya kunciphise ixesha lokuphila kwabo banesiphelo seCOPD phantse iminyaka emi-6.

Ukuhamba rhoqo kotyelelo kugqirha

Ukuxela kwakho kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubengcono ukuba ubambelela kunyango lwakho olucetyiswayo, landela lonke utyelelo logqirha olucwangcisiweyo, kwaye ugcine ugqirha wakho esesikhathini kulo naluphi na utshintsho kwiimpawu okanye imeko yakho. Kuya kufuneka ubeke esweni iimpawu zakho zemiphunga kwaye usebenze kwindawo yokuqala.

Ukujamelana neCOPD

Ukujongana neCOPD kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngokwaneleyo ngaphandle kokuziva ulilolo kwaye usoyika ngesi sifo. Nokuba umnakekeli wakho kunye nabantu abasondeleyo kuwe bayakuxhasa kwaye bayakukhuthaza, usenokuzuza nangokuchitha ixesha kunye nabanye abaneCOPD.

Ukuva umntu ohamba kwimeko efanayo kunokuba luncedo. Banokukwazi ukubonelela ngengqondo ebalulekileyo, enje ngempendulo malunga namayeza awahlukeneyo owasebenzisayo kunye noko unokukulindela.

Ukugcina umgangatho wobomi bakho kubaluleke kakhulu kweli nqanaba. Kukho amanyathelo ngendlela onokuyithatha, njengokujonga umgangatho womoya kunye nokwenza umthambo wokuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-COPD yakho iqhubekile ngamandla, unokufumana uncedo olongezelelweyo lokunyamekela okanye ukunyamekela.

I-Q & A: Izinto zokuthomalalisa

Q:

Ndinomdla wokufumana i-humidifier yeCOPD yam. Ngaba oku kunganceda okanye kulimaze iimpawu zam?

A:

Ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kuhambelana nomoya owomileyo kwaye uhlala kwindawo eyomileyo, kunokuba luncedo ekuthomalaliseni umoya ekhayeni lakho, kuba oku kunokukunceda ukukhusela okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho zeCOPD.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umoya ekhayeni lakho sele ufumile ngokwaneleyo, ukufuma okuninzi kunokwenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuphefumla. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-40 ukufuma kuthathwa njengokufanelekileyo kumntu oneCOPD.

Ukongeza kwi-humidifier, unokuthenga kwakhona i-hygrometer ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukufuma ngaphakathi kwekhaya lakho.

Olunye uqwalaselo ngesidumisi luqinisekisa ukuba ucoceko kunye nolondolozo lwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kuyo ukuthintela ukuba lingabi lizibuko lomngundo kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, ezinokuphelisa ukonakalisa ukuphefumla kwakho.

Ekugqibeleni, ukuba ucinga ukusebenzisa i-humidifier, kuya kufuneka uqale usebenzise oku ngugqirha wakho, onokukunceda ubone ukuba ngaba le yindlela efanelekileyo yokuphucula ukuphefumla kwakho ngokujonga imeko yakho.