I-Endotracheal Intubation

Umxholo

• Kutheni le nto i-endotracheal intubation yenziwe?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko ye-endotracheal intubation?
• Umngcipheko wokubulala
• Umngcipheko wokungena
• Ndiyilungiselela njani i-endotracheal intubation?
• I-endotracheal intubation yenziwa njani?
• Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kwe-endotracheal intubation

Yintoni i-endotracheal intubation?

I-Endotracheal intubation (i-EI) ihlala iyinkqubo engxamisekileyo eyenziwa kubantu abangazi nto okanye abangakwaziyo ukuziphefumlela bodwa. I-EI igcina indlela evulekileyo yomoya kwaye inceda ukuthintela ukufuthana.

Kwi-EI eqhelekileyo, unikwa i-anesthesia. Emva koko, ityhubhu yeplastiki eguquguqukayo ibekwa kwi-trachea yakho ngomlomo wakho ukukunceda uphefumle.

I-trachea, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-windpipe, yityhubhu ehambisa ioksijini kwimiphunga yakho. Ubungakanani betyhubhu yokuphefumla buhambelana nobudala bakho kunye nobungakanani bomqala. Umbhobho ugcinwe endaweni ngekhetshi encinci yomoya ethe yajikeleza ityhubhu emva kokuba ifakiwe.

I-trachea yakho iqala nje ezantsi kwengqula, okanye ibhokisi yelizwi, kwaye yehle emva kwesifuba, okanye isternum. I-trachea yakho iyahlula ize ibe yimibhobho emibini emincinci: i-bronchi ephambili yasekunene nasekhohlo. Ityhubhu nganye inxibelelana nomnye wemiphunga yakho. I-bronchi ke iyaqhubeka ukwahlulahlula ibe ziindawo ezincinci nezincinci zomoya ngaphakathi komphunga.

I-trachea yakho yenziwe nge-cartilage eqinile, izihlunu, kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo. Ukufakwa kwayo kuhlanganiswe nezicubu ezigudileyo. Ngalo lonke ixesha uphefumla, umbhobho wakho womoya uba mde kancinci kwaye ubanzi. Ibuyela kubukhulu bayo obukhulu njengoko uphefumla.

Unokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla okanye ungabinakho ukuphefumla konke konke ukuba kukho nayiphi na indlela ecaleni kwendlela yomoya evaliweyo okanye eyonakeleyo. Ngeli xesha i-EI inokuba yimfuneko.

Kutheni le nto i-endotracheal intubation yenziwe?

Ungayidinga le nkqubo ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• ukuvula iindlela zakho zomoya ukuze ufumane i-anesthesia, amayeza, okanye ioksijini
• ukukhusela imiphunga yakho
• Uyekile ukuphefumla okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla
• ufuna umatshini wokukunceda uphefumle
• unobungozi entloko kwaye awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa
• Kufuneka uthanjiswe kangangexesha elithile ukuze uphinde uchache ekwenzakaleni kakhulu okanye ekuguleni

I-EI igcina indlela yakho yomoya ivulekile. Oku kuvumela ioksijini ukuba idlule ngokukhululekileyo ukuya nasemiphungeni yakho njengoko uphefumla.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko ye-endotracheal intubation?

Umngcipheko wokubulala

Ngokwesiqhelo, uya kuba phantsi kweanesthesia ngokubanzi ngexesha lenkqubo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuyi kuva nantoni na njengoko kufakwa ityhubhu. Abantu abaphilileyo bahlala bengenangxaki nge-anesthesia ngokubanzi, kodwa kukho umngcipheko omncinci weengxaki zexesha elide. Obu bungozi buxhomekeke ikakhulu kwimpilo yakho ngokubanzi kunye nohlobo lwenkqubo oyenzayo.

Izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko weengxaki kunye ne-anesthesia zibandakanya:

• iingxaki ezingapheliyo ngemiphunga yakho, izintso, okanye intliziyo
• isifo seswekile
• Imbali yokuxhuzula
• Imbali yosapho yeempendulo ezigwenxa kwi-anesthesia
• ubuthongo bokulala
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukwaliwa kukutya okanye amayeza
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala
• ukutshaya
• ubudala

Iingxaki ezinzulu zinokwenzeka kubantu abadala abadala abaneengxaki zonyango. Ezi ngxaki zinqabile kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• usulelo lwemiphunga
• ukubetha
• ukudideka kwengqondo okwethutyana
• ukufa

Phantse umntu omnye okanye ababini kwi-1,000 nganye banokuphaphama kancinci ngelixa bephantsi kweanesthesia ngokubanzi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, abantu bahlala bezazi izinto ezibangqongileyo kodwa abayi kuva zintlungu. Ngezihlandlo ezinqabileyo, banokuziva iintlungu eziqatha. Oku kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zengqondo zexesha elide, ezinje ngengxaki yoxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo (PTSD). Izinto ezithile zingenza le meko inokwenzeka ngakumbi:

• utyando olungxamisekileyo
• iingxaki zentliziyo okanye zemiphunga
• ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwee-opiates, tranquilizers, okanye icocaine
• ukusetyenziswa kotywala imihla ngemihla

Umngcipheko wokungena

Kukho imingcipheko enxulumene ne-intubation, enje:

• ukwenzakala kwamazinyo okanye umsebenzi wamazinyo
• ukwenzakala emqaleni okanye kwitrachea
• ulwakhiwo oluninzi kakhulu kumalungu okanye kwizicwili
• ukopha
• iingxaki zemiphunga okanye ukwenzakala
• umnqweno (imixholo yesisu kunye neeasidi eziphela emiphungeni)

Ugqirha we-anesthesiologist okanye i-ambulensi ye-EMT iya kukuvavanya ngaphambi kwenkqubo yokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezi ngxaki. Uya kujongwa ngononophelo kuyo yonke inkqubo.

Ndiyilungiselela njani i-endotracheal intubation?

Intubation yinkqubo engenayo kwaye inokubangela ukungakhululeki okubonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, uya kunikwa i-anesthesia ngokubanzi kunye neyeza lokuphumla kwezihlunu ukuze ungaziva zintlungu. Ngeemeko ezithile zonyango, inkqubo inokufuna ukwenziwa ngelixa umntu evukile. I-anesthetic yendawo isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa indlela yomoya ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukungahambi kakuhle. Ugqirha wakho we-anesthesiologist uya kukwazisa ngaphambi kwe-intubation ukuba le meko isebenza kuwe.

I-endotracheal intubation yenziwa njani?

I-EI iqhele ukwenziwa esibhedlele, apho uya kunikwa i-anesthesia. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, i paramedic kwindawo yongxamiseko inokwenza i-EI.

Kwinkqubo yesiqhelo ye-EI, uya kuqala ufumane i-anesthetic. Nje ukuba uthambe, ugqirha wakho we-anesthesiologist uya kuvula umlomo wakho kwaye afake isixhobo esincinci esinesibane esibizwa ngokuba yi-laryngoscope. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukubona ngaphakathi kwengqula yakho, okanye ibhokisi yelizwi. Nje ukuba iintambo zakho zezwi zifumaneke, ityhubhu yeplastiki eguquguqukayo iya kufakwa emlonyeni wakho kwaye idlule ngaphaya kweentambo zakho zezwi kwinxalenye esezantsi yetrachea yakho. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-laryngoscope yekhamera yevidiyo ingasetyenziselwa ukunika umbono ocacileyo wendlela yomoya.

I-anesthesiologist yakho iya kuthi iphulaphule ukuphefumla kwakho nge-stethoscope ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ityhubhu ikwindawo elungileyo. Nje ukuba ungasafuni ukuphefumla, ityhubhu iyasuswa. Ngexesha lotyando nakwiyunithi yonyango olunzulu, ityhubhu idityaniswe kumatshini wokuphefumla, okanye kumatshini wokuphefumla, nje ukuba ukwindawo efanelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ityhubhu inokufuna ukuba incanyathiselwe okwethutyana ebhegini. I-anesthesiologist yakho iya kusebenzisa ibhegi ukupompa ioksijini kwimiphunga yakho.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kwe-endotracheal intubation

Unokuba nomqala obuhlungu okanye ubunzima bokugwinya emva kwenkqubo, kodwa oku kuya kuhamba ngokukhawuleza.

Kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokuba uyakufumana iingxaki kwinkqubo. Qiniseka ukuba ubiza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubonakalisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukudumba kobuso bakho
• umqala obuhlungu
• iintlungu zesifuba
• kunzima ukugwinya
• kunzima ukuthetha
• intlungu yentamo
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Ezi mpawu zinokuba luphawu lweminye imiba kwindlela yakho yomoya.