Ukuthamba: yintoni, izizathu, iimpawu kunye nokuba lunjani unyango

Umxholo

• Unobangela wokuphamba
• Iimpawu eziphambili
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• 1. Uncedo
• 2. Umzimba wonyango
• 3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe botox

Ukuxinana yimeko ebonakaliswa kukonyuka okunganyanzelekanga kokuncipha kwemisipha, okunokubonakala nakweyiphi na imisipha, enokwenza ukuba kube nzima emntwini ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, njengokuthetha, ukuhamba nokutya, umzekelo.

Le meko yenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo othile kwinxalenye yengqondo okanye intambo yomqolo elawula iintshukumo zemisipha ngokuzithandela, ezinokubangelwa kukufa icala okanye sisiphumo sokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukungangxami kunokuba lula, kuchaphazele iseti encinci yemisipha, okanye kube kubanzi kwaye kukhokelele ekukhubazekeni kwelinye icala lomzimba.

Ukuqaqanjelwa sisifo esingapheliyo, oko kukuthi, akunakunyangeka, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iimpawu nge-physiotherapy, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza aboniswe yi-neurologist, njengokuphumla kwezihlunu, okanye ngokusetyenziswa kwendawo botox. 

Unobangela wokuphamba

Ukuxinana kunokuvela emntwini onesifo sokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kuba ukonakala kwengqondo okwenzekayo kwezi meko kuchaphazela ithoni yezihlunu, leyo ngamandla eyenziwa sisihlunu ukuba sihambe, sonakalisa ukuhamba kweengalo nemilenze, umzekelo.

Abantu abaye benzakala ngengqondo ebuhlungu, ngenxa yengozi, banokukhula, okubonakala ngenxa yokonzakala kwingqondo okanye kwi-cerebellum, kwaye oku kwenza ukuba iziphelo zemithambo-luvo zingakwazi ukuthumela umyalezo wokuhamba kwezihlunu.

Ubuninzi bezo zinto buqheleke kakhulu kubantu abane-multiple sclerosis, kuba esi sifo sinokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo echaphazela ukushukuma kwemisipha. Jonga ukuba yintoni isifo sokuqina kwamathambo, iimpawu kunye nonyango.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela ukunganyamezelani yi-encephalitis, i-meningitis ebukhali, ukubetha, i-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, i-phenylketonuria kunye ne-adrenoleukodystrophy, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sika-Lorenzo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Iimpawu zokuxinana kuxhomekeke kubukhali bezilonda kwingqondo okanye kwintambo yomqolo, kodwa zinokubonakala:

• Ukuncipha kokuzibandakanya kwezihlunu;
• Kunzima ukugoba imilenze okanye iingalo;
• Iintlungu kwezihlunu ezichaphazelekayo;
• Ukuwela ngokungazenzisiyo kwemilenze;
• Iziphene ezidibeneyo;
• Ukudumba kwezihlunu.

Ngenxa yotshintsho lwezihlunu, umntu one-spasticity unokuba nokuma okungachanekanga, eneengalo ezisongekileyo, imilenze kunye neenyawo zoluliwe kwaye intloko ijonge kwelinye icala.

Iimpawu zokungakhathali ezivezwe ngumntu zibalulekile kugqirha ukuze akwazi ukujonga ubuzaza botshintsho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, abonise olona nyango lufanelekileyo. Ke, ubukhali buvavanywa ngokwenqanaba lokulinganisa laseAshworth apha:

• IBakala 0: isiguli asibonisi ukusikwa kwemisipha;
• IBakala 1: ukunciphisa imisipha kancinci
• IBakala 2: ukonyuka kokuncipha kwemisipha, ngokuchasene nokuhamba;
• IBakala 3: ukwanda okukhulu kokuxinana kwezihlunu, kunzima ukugoba imilenze;
• IBakala 4: izihlunu eziqinileyo kwaye zingenakho ukuhamba.

Ke ngoko, ngokobukrakra, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqale olona nyango lufanelekileyo, ukuze inqanaba lokuxinana lehle ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye umgangatho wobomi bomntu uphakanyiswa.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lokuphamba kufuneka lukhokelwe yi-neurologist, njengoko kufanelekile ukuvavanya unobangela we-neurological obangela ukuba ingxaki ivele, kunye nobunzima benguqu. Izinketho zibandakanya:

1. Uncedo

Ngokwesiqhelo amayeza okusasazeka asetyenzisiweyo, anje nge-baclofen okanye i-diazepam, enceda izihlunu ukuba ziphumle kwaye zinciphise iimpawu zentlungu, umzekelo. Olunye unyango olunokuboniswa zi-benzodiazepines, i-clonidine okanye i-tizanidine, ecutha ukuhanjiswa kwesikhuthazi kunye nokwenza lula ukuphumla kwemisipha.

2. Umzimba wonyango

Ukuphucula iimpawu zokuphamba kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze unyango lomzimba ukugcina ukuphakama kwamalungu kunye nokuphepha ezinye iingxaki, ezinje ngokuqina kwamalungu, ngenxa yokusilela kwelungu elichaphazelekayo. I-Physiotherapy kwi-spasticity inokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwe:

• ICryotherapy: Ukusetyenziswa kwengqele kwizihlunu ezichaphazelekayo ukunciphisa okwethutyana umqondiso we-reflex obangela ukuba umsipha ungene;
• Isicelo Ubushushu: ivumela ukuphumla okwethutyana kwezihlunu, ukunciphisa iintlungu;
• I-Kinesiotherapy: ubuchule bokufundisa umntu ukuba aphile ngokungakhathali, ngokusebenzisa imithambo okanye ukusebenzisa amazinyo;
• Ukuvuselelwa kombane: ukuvuselela ngesothuso esincinci sombane esinceda ukulawula ukunciphisa izihlunu.

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kufuneka kwenziwe kabini ngeveki kunye ne-physiotherapist kwaye unokuzilolonga ufundisa yonke imihla ekhaya. Olu nyango lukhonza ukunciphisa iimpawu zokungakhathali kunye nokuququzelela ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

3. Ukusetyenziswa kwe botox

Inaliti ye botox, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-botulinum toxin, inokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuqina kwemisipha kunye nokwenza lula intshukumo ngokudibeneyo, ukunceda umntu ukuba enze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye neeseshoni ze-physiotherapy.

Ezi zinaliti kufuneka ziboniswe ngugqirha kwaye zenze ngokunciphisa ukungahambelani kwezihlunu, nangona kunjalo isenzo sabo sinexesha elimiselweyo, phakathi kweenyanga ezi-4 ukuya kunyaka omnye, kuqheleke kakhulu ukubhenela kwidosi entsha yale nto emva kweenyanga ezi-6 Isicelo sokuqala. O botox Ingabonakaliswa ukuphatha ukunyaniseka kubantwana. Bona ezinye iinkqubo zebotox.