ISchistosomiasis: yintoni, iimpawu, umjikelo wobomi kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Umjikelo wobomi weSchistosomiasis
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ngaba iSchistosomiasis inonyango?
• Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka

ISchistosomiasis, eyaziwa njenge-schistosis, isisu samanzi okanye isifo senkumba, sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa sisidleleli ISchistosoma mansoni, enokufumaneka emanzini emilambo nasemachibini kwaye enokungena esikhumbeni, ibangele ubomvu kunye nokurhawuzelela ulusu, ubuthathaka kunye nentlungu yomhlunu, umzekelo.

ISchistosomiasis ixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla yetropiki apho kungekho lucoceko lusisiseko kwaye apho kukho isixa esikhulu seminenke, kuba ezi zilwanyana zithathwa njengemikhosi yesidleleliISchistosomaOko kukuthi, i-parasite kufuneka ichithe ixesha kwinkumba ukuze ikhule kwaye ifikelele kwinqanaba apho ikwaziyo ukosulela abantu.

Bona ngakumbi malunga ne-schistosomiasis kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa zii-parasites:

Iimpawu eziphambili kunye neempawu

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-schistosomiasis ayinasifo, nangona kunjalo umntu osulelwe sisifunxi-gazi angakhula abe neempawu zokuqala kunye neempawu ezibonisa inqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo, ekwabizwa ngokuba sisifo isigaba esibukhali:

• Ubomvu kunye nokutshiza apho i-parasite ingene khona;
• Ifiva;
• Ubuthathaka;
• Khohlela;
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• Ukungabikho komdla;
• Urhudo okanye ukuqhina;
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha;
• Ukugodola.

Njengokuba i-parasite ikhula emzimbeni kwaye ihambela ekusasazeni kwesibindi, ezinye iimpawu ezinzulu kunye neempawu zinokubonakala, zibonakalisa isigaba sesibini sesifo, esibizwa ngokuba sisifo isigaba esingapheliyo:

• Ubukho begazi esitulweni;
• Iicramps;
• Intlungu zesisu;
• Isiyezi,
• Ukurhwebesha;
• Ukudumba kwesisu, okwabizwa ngokuba ngumqobo wamanzi;
• Ubambo:
• Ukuqina nokwandiswa kwesibindi;
• Ipeni eyandisiweyo.

Ukuthintela ukuqala kweempawu ezinzima zeschistosomiasis, kubalulekile ukuba ukuxilongwa kwenziwe, ngokukhethekileyo, kusekho kwisigaba esibuhlungu sesifo.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Uxilongo lwenziwa ngokuhlola ilindle leentsuku ezi-3, apho amaqanda akhoyo ISchistosoma mansoni. Ukongeza, inani elipheleleyo legazi kunye nomlinganiso wee-enzymes zesibindi, ezinje nge-ALT kunye ne-AST, ezihlala ziguqulwa, zinokucelwa, ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zokucinga, ezinje nge-ultrasound esiswini, umzekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukwanda kunye nokusebenza wesibindi kunye udakada.

Umjikelo wobomi weSchistosomiasis

Usulelo kunye ISchistosoma mansoni kwenzeka ngokudibana namanzi angcolisekileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo apho kukho inani elikhulu leenkumba. Yiyo loo nto amafama, abalobi, abasetyhini nabantwana besengozini yokuba nesi sifo emva kokuloba, ukuhlamba iimpahla okanye ukuhlamba emanzini angcolileyo.

Umjikelo wobomi we-schistosomiasis unzima kwaye wenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Amaqanda asuka ISchistosoma mansoni zikhutshelwa kwilindle labantu abosulelekileyo;
2. Xa amaqanda efika emanzini, aqanduselwa ngenxa yeqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, ukukhanya okukhulu kunye nenani leoksijini emanzini, aze akhulule isimanga, enye yeendlela zokuqala ISchistosoma mansoni;
3. Izinto ezingummangaliso ezikhoyo emanzini zitsaleleka kwiminenke ngenxa yezinto ezikhutshwe zezi zilwanyana;
4. Ukufikelela kwimigibe, isimangaliso siphulukana nolunye ulwakhiwo kwaye sikhule de kube kwinqanaba lecercaria, sikhululwe kwakhona emanzini;
5. Iicercariae ezikhutshelwa emanzini ziyakwazi ukungena esikhumbeni sabantu;
6. Ngethuba lokungena, i-cercariae ilahlekelwa yimisila kwaye ibe yi-schistosomules, efikelela kwigazi;
7. I-Schistosomules ifudukela kukujikeleza kwesibindi, apho ikhula khona de ibe mdala;
8. Iintshulube ezindala, inkunzi nemazi, ziyahamba ziye emathunjini, apho amaqanda abekwa khona ngabafazi;
9. Amaqanda athatha malunga neveki enye ukuba avuthwe;
10. Iqanda eliqolileyo liye likhutshelwe kwilindle kwaye, xa lidibene namanzi, liqanduselwa, lenze umjikelo omtsha.

Ke ngoko, kwiindawo apho kungekho lucoceko lusisiseko, kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abaliqela kwindawo enye bangcoliswe yi-schistosomiasis, ngakumbi ukuba kukho iinkumba ezininzi kulo mmandla, kuba esi silwanyana sinendima ebalulekileyo kubomi besidleleli umjikelo. Ukwaphula lo mjikelo kunye nokuthintela abanye abantu ekubeni bangangcoliseki, umntu makaphephe ukunxibelelana namanzi angcolileyo kwaye aphelise iminenke engaphezulu.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango luhlala lusenziwa ngamayeza antiparasite afana nePraziquantel okanye iOxamniquina kangangeentsuku ezi-1 okanye ezi-2, ezibulala nezisusa esi sifo. Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe ioyile yecorticoid ukukhupha ulusu olurhawuzayo, kwaye kukwacetyiswa ukuba uphumle, ugcine i-hydration elungileyo, kwaye usele amanzi. Ukongeza, ukuphelisa iintlungu, ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye neclic, kungabonakaliswa.

Kubantu abaphuhlisa isigaba esingapheliyo se-schistosomiasis, i-beta-blockers kunye neziyobisi zinokusetyenziselwa ukulawula urhudo, ukongeza kwisclerotherapy semithambo ye-varicose ye-esophagus.

Ngaba iSchistosomiasis inonyango?

I-Schistosomiasis iyanyangeka xa isifo senziwe kwangethuba kwisigaba sokuqala sesifo kwaye unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kuba ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuphelisa i-parasite kunye nokuthintela ukubonakala kweengxaki, ezinje ngesibindi esandisiweyo kunye ne-spleen, i-anemia kunye nokulibaziseka ekukhuleni komntwana, umzekelo. Ke, xa kukho urhano lokuba umntu uneentshulube, amayeza kufuneka aqaliswe ngokukhawuleza.

Ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba umntu uphilile nyani, ugqirha unokucela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo olutsha lwesto kwiveki yesi-6 neye-12 emva kokuqala unyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukunqanda ukuthandabuza, ugqirha ucela i-rectal biopsy kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kokuqala konyango.

Nangona kunjalo, nokuba unyango lwe-schistosomiasis luqinisekisiwe, umntu akafumani sifo, kwaye unokuphinde wosulelwe sisidleleli xa sidibana namanzi angcolileyo.

Ungakuphepha njani ukungcoliseka

Ukuthintela i-schistosomiasis kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezisisiseko zococeko ezinje:

• Gwema ukudibana nemvula kunye namanzi ezikhukhula;
• Musa ukuhamba unganxibanga zihlangu esitratweni, emhlabeni okanye kwimisinga yamanzi acocekileyo;
• Sela kuphela amanzi aselwayo, acociweyo okanye abilisiweyo.

La manyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka enziwe ikakhulu kwiindawo apho kungekho lindle laneleyo kwaye nelindle liqhutywa kwindawo evulekileyo.