Ukuqonda iMemori ecacileyo

Umxholo

• Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori ecacileyo?
• Yeyiphi eminye imizekelo yenkumbulo ecacileyo?
• Zenziwa njani iinkumbulo zexesha elide?
• Inyathelo 1: Encoding
• Inyathelo 2: UkuGcina
• Inyathelo 3: Ukufumana kwakhona
• Imemori ecacileyo ithelekiswa njani nememori engabalulekanga?
• Ngaba ungayiphucula inkumbulo yakho yexesha elide?
• Umgca wezantsi

Inkumbulo ibhekisa kwinkqubo apho ingqondo yakho ithatha khona ulwazi, iyigcine, kwaye iphinde iyifumane kamva.

Uneendidi ezintathu zememori:

• Imemori yeemvakalelo. Oku kubandakanya into oyenzayo ngoku kunye nemizwa yakho. Luhlobo olufutshane kakhulu lwenkumbulo.
• Imemori yexesha elifutshane. Iinkumbulo zexesha elifutshane zihlala zihlala ngaphantsi komzuzu, nangona ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziinkumbulo zexesha elide.
• Imemori yexesha elide. Inkumbulo yexesha elide inokuhlala kangangeentsuku ukuya kwiminyaka.

Imemori ecacileyo luhlobo lweememori zexesha elide ezichaphazelekayo ngokukhumbula iinyani kunye neziganeko. Unokubona inkumbulo ecacileyo ekubhekiswa kuyo njengememori yokuxela.

Imemori ecacileyo ifuna ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi. Umzekelo, khawufane ucinge umntu ekubuza ukuba yintoni ikomkhulu laseFrance. Ukuphendula, ungafikelela kwimemori yakho ukuze ufumane impendulo echanekileyo: EParis.

Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngememori ecacileyo, iintlobo zayo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nendlela onokuthi uyiphucule ngayo inkumbulo yakho yexesha elide.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zememori ecacileyo?

Imemori ebonakalayo inokuphinda yahlulwe ibe ziindidi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: inkumbulo yesemantic kunye nepisodic.

Inkumbulo yesemantic ibandakanya iinyani kunye nolwazi ngokubanzi. Oku kunokuvela kwizinto ezinjengeenkcukacha ezithile zesayensi ukuya kwezinkulu, iikhonsepthi ezingabonakaliyo.

Imemori ye-Episodic ijongene nezinto ezithile okanye amava akwehleleyo.

Yeyiphi eminye imizekelo yenkumbulo ecacileyo?

Zombini iinkumbulo zakho ze-semantic kunye ne-episodic zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwakho kwemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, eyakho inkumbulo yesemantic inokukunceda:

• yazi ukuba igama elithi "iphenyane" libhekisa kwisiphekepheke samanzi sobukhulu obahlukeneyo
• khumbula ukuba iWashington, D.C., ikomkhulu lase-U.S.
• qaphela iimpawu ezahlula isilwanyana njengenja

Eyakho inkumbulo episodic, kwelinye icala, inokukunceda:

• khumbula uhambo oluya eLondon owaluthatha nabahlobo bakho abasenyongweni kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo
• khumbula isidlo esikhulu owaba naso kwindawo yokutyela oyithandayo
• cinga ngomsitho wokuthweswa isidanga esikolweni

Zenziwa njani iinkumbulo zexesha elide?

Iinkumbulo zexesha elide, kubandakanya neenkumbulo ezicacileyo, zenziwa ngaphezulu kwamanyathelo amathathu.

Inyathelo 1: Encoding

Kule nqanaba, izivamvo zakho zithatha ulwazi kwindawo okuyo kwaye luyithumele kwingqondo yakho. Ukusuka apho, ulwazi lungena kwimemori yakho.

Inqanaba lokuqhubekeka okwenzekayo lingahluka ukusuka kubunzulu (kugxilwe kwiimpawu ezibonakalayo, umbala, okanye ubungakanani) kubunzulu (kugxila kwintsingiselo yento okanye ubudlelwane bayo kwezinye izinto).

Inyathelo 2: UkuGcina

Nje ukuba imemori ifakwe kwikhowudi, ilungele ukugcinwa kwingqondo yakho. Ekugcinweni, iinkumbulo zinokugcinwa ixesha elide.

Inkumbulo yexesha elide inokugcinwa kwiindawo ezininzi zobuchopho bakho. Umzekelo, iinxalenye ezibonakalayo zememori zigcinwa kwindawo yengqondo ehambelana nombono.

Inyathelo 3: Ukufumana kwakhona

Ukubuyisa yinkqubo yokukhumbula ulwazi olufakwe kwikhowudi kwaye lugcinwe njengememori. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ekuphenduleni iindlela zokubuyisa, okanye izinto ezikwenza ukuba ukhangele imemori.

Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ukubuza umbuzo we-trivia, leyo yindlela yakho yokubuyisela ukukhangela imemori yakho ngolwazi oluthile.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubuyisa kwenzeka ngaphandle komzamo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungathatha umsebenzi omncinci.

Imemori ecacileyo ithelekiswa njani nememori engabalulekanga?

Zimbini iintlobo zememori yexesha elide. Ukongeza kwimemori ecacileyo, kukho nememori engacacanga.

Imemori engagungqiyo, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yimemori engabhengeziyo, ibandakanya indlela amava achaphazela ngayo isimilo sethu. Ngokungafaniyo nenkumbulo ecacileyo, efuna ukwenza umzamo wokukhumbula ulwazi, imemori esebenzayo isebenza ngokungazi.

Umzekelo olungileyo wememori engafakwanga uqhuba, into oyenzayo nje. Ngelixa ungafundisa umntu ukuba kufuneka enze ntoni ukuze aqhube imoto, ngekhe umfundise ngokuthe ngqo ukuba ingakanani na ingcinezelo yokufaka irhasi okanye inyathelo lokuqhekeza.

Ngaba ungayiphucula inkumbulo yakho yexesha elide?

Ngaba ufuna ukucoca imemori yakho ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo? Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinokunceda ukukhulisa inkumbulo yakho yexesha elide kunye nokuthintela ukulahleka kwememori:

• Lala ngokwaneleyo. Ukulala kubalulekile ukudibanisa iinkumbulo zakho ukuze uzikhumbule kamva. Ukuba uzama ukwenza into kwimemori yakho yexesha elide, zama ukuyikhumbula ngaphambi nje kokuba ulale.
• Kuphephe ukwenza izinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi ngokwendalo ukwahlula ingqalelo yakho. Inokuphazamisa inkqubo yokufaka iikhowudi kwimemori.
• Hlala usebenza. Ukuzilolonga kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni wakho, kubandakanya nengqondo yakho. Cwangcisa ukufumana malunga nemizuzu engama-150 yokuzivocavoca i-aerobic veki nganye. Isandi esoyikisa? Yakha uhambo olukhawulezileyo, nokuba yimizuzu nje eli-15, kwindlela yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Nika ingqondo yakho ukuzilolonga, nayo. Njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuzilolonga ngengqondo kunokunceda ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikwimo entle. Yenza izinto ezikwenza ucinge, ezinje ngokudlula kwiiphazili okanye ukufunda isakhono esitsha.
• Gcina ukutya okusempilweni. Gxila kukutya okunesondlo ngengqondo, kubandakanya ubumnyama, imifuno enamagqabi kunye neentlanzi ezinamanqatha.
• Zigcine ulungelelene.Bhala phantsi uluhlu lwezinto oza kuzenza, okanye ugcine amadinga adweliswe kwincwadi yokubhalela. Ukuba uzama ukufunda into entsha, bhala izishwankathelo zakho okanye izishwankathelo. Oku kukunceda uzibandakanye ngokufunda.

Umgca wezantsi

Imemori ecacileyo luhlobo lweememori zexesha elide ezigxile ekukhumbuleni iinyani kunye neziganeko. Kuya kufuneka wenze umzamo wokukhumbula izinto kwimemori yakho ecacileyo.