I-Atrial Fibrillation: Iinyani, Izibalo, kunye nawe

Umxholo

• Ubuninzi
• Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko
• Iimpawu
• Iingxaki
• Uvavanyo kunye noxilongo
• Unyango
• Uthintelo
• Iindleko

I-fibrillation ye-Atrial, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AFib okanye i-AF, iyintliziyo engavumelekanga (i-arrhythmia) engakhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nentliziyo ezinjengegazi, ukubetha, kunye nokwehluleka kwentliziyo.

I-AFib yimeko enzima enokwenzeka ngaphandle kweempawu okanye iimpawu kodwa inokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi ukuba ishiywe inganyangwa.

Ukuncipha kwesiqhelo kwemicu yemisipha yamagumbi aphezulu entliziyo (i-atria) ngokwesiqhelo kuvumela ukulungelelaniswa nokugqitywa kwegazi eliphuma kumagumbi aphezulu entliziyo aye kumagumbi asezantsi (ii-ventricles).

Kwi-AFib, nangona kunjalo, ukungahambelani kakuhle okanye imiqondiso yombane ekhawulezayo ibangela ukuba i-atria ikhontrakte ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibe ne-chaotically (i-fibrillate).

Igazi elingafumanekanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-atria inokuhlala kwaye inokudibanisa apho. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nokuthintela izifo ezahlukeneyo, amagumbi aphezulu nasezantsi entliziyo kufuneka asebenze njengeqela. Oko akwenzeki ngexesha le-AFib.

I-AFib inokwenzeka ngeziqendu ezimfutshane, okanye inokuba yimeko esisigxina. Ngamanye amaxesha, uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo luyimfuneko. Nantsi into ekufuneka uyazi:

Ubuninzi

I-AFib yeyona arrhythmia ixhaphakileyo efunyenwe kunyango.

Uqikelelo lobukho be-AFib e-United States isusela malunga. Elo nani liqikelelwa ukuba linyukele kwi.

Ehlabathini lonke, inani eliqikelelweyo labantu abane-AFib ngo-2010 lalingama-33.5 yezigidi, ngokutsho kohlolisiso luka-2013. Oko kumalunga neepesenti ezi-0.5 zabemi behlabathi.

Ngokutsho kwe, malunga neepesenti ezimbini zabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala bane-AFib, ngelixa iipesenti ezili-9 zabantu abaneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu banayo.

Ngokuka-a, abantu abangazichongi njengabamhlophe banesifo esisezantsi kunye neziganeko zokuba ne-AFib.

Oonobangela kunye nemingcipheko

Zine iindidi eziphambili ze-AFib.

I-Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation kuxa i-AFib iqala ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kwaye iyema nje ngesiquphe. Uninzi lwexesha, olu hlobo lwe-AFib luzicoca lodwa ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24, kodwa lungathatha iveki.

Xa i-AFib ihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweveki, ibizwa njalo ukuqhubeka kwefibrillation ye-atrial.

I-AFib ehlala ixesha elingaphezulu konyaka ngaphandle kokuya Ukuma ixesha elide okuqhubekayo kwe-fibrillation ye-atrial.

I-AFib eqhubekayo nangona unyango lubizwa i-fibrillation engapheliyo.

Ukungaqheleki okanye ukonakala kubume bentliziyo zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ekubangeleni i-atrial fibrillation. Kungenzeka ukuba uphuhlise i-AFib ukuba unayo:

• igazi elonyukayo
• isifo sentliziyo, iziphene zentliziyo, okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo
• isifo samathambo okanye i-pericarditis
• hyperthyroidism
• ukutyeba kakhulu
• isifo seswekile okanye isifo se-metabolic
• isifo semiphunga okanye isifo sezintso
• ubuthongo bokulala
• Imbali yosapho ye-AFib

I-AFib ikwanxulunyaniswa nokwanda kokubhubha kwabantu abanezinye iimeko zentliziyo kunye neenkqubo, kubandakanya ukusilela kwentliziyo kunye nokubetha.

Ukuziphatha kunokunyusa umngcipheko we-AFib. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwecaffeine kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala. Amanqanaba oxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye iimeko zempilo yengqondo nazo zinokuba yinto ye-AFib.

Amathuba okuphuhliswa kwe-AFib akhula ngokobudala. Malunga nabantu abane-AFib baphakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nama-85 ubudala. Ukuxhaphaka kwe-AFib kuphezulu emadodeni. Nangona kunjalo, kuba abafazi baphila ixesha elide kunamadoda, inani elipheleleyo lamadoda nabasetyhini abane-AFib lilingana ngokulinganayo.

Nangona abantu baseYurophu benesifo se-atrial fibrillation, uphando lufumene ukuba ezininzi iingxaki zalo-kubandakanywa nesifo, isifo senhliziyo kunye nokuhluleka kwentliziyo-kuqhelekile phakathi kwabase-Afrika baseMerika.

Iimpawu

Awusoloko uziva iimpawu ze-AFib, kodwa ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane.

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokungaqhelekanga
• intloko elula okanye isiyezi
• ukudinwa okanye ukudideka
• ukudinwa kakhulu
• ukungaphatheki kakuhle esifubeni okanye iintlungu

Iingxaki

Kukho ulwazi olwandayo lokuba i-atrial fibrillation ihlala ingaziwa kodwa yimeko embi.

Nokuba uneempawu okanye awunayo, i-AFib ikubeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wokubetha. Ngokutsho kwe-American Heart Association, ukuba unayo i-AFib, unamaxesha angama-5 amathuba okuba nesifo sokubetha kunomntu ongenayo.

Ukuba intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, inokude ikhokelele kukusilela kwentliziyo. I-AFib inokubangela ukuba igazi lihlambe entliziyweni yakho. La mahlule anokuhamba egazini, ekugqibeleni abangele ukucinywa.

Uphando lubonise ukuba abasetyhini abane-AFib basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokubethwa sisifo kunye nokufa kunamadoda ane-AFib.

Uvavanyo kunye noxilongo

Ukuhlolwa kunokuba yinxalenye yokhathalelo lwakho oluqhelekileyo ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu, okanye ukuba unezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Ukuba unempawu ze-AFib, jonga ugqirha wakho.

Uvavanyo lokuchonga lunokubandakanya i-electrocardiogram (EKG okanye i-ECG) ukujonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo yakho. Olunye uvavanyo olunokukunceda kukujonga esweni i-Holter, i-ECG ephathekayo enokujonga isingqi sentliziyo yakho kangangeentsuku ezininzi.

I-echocardiogram lolunye uvavanyo olungenasvasive olunokuvelisa imifanekiso yentliziyo yakho, ke ugqirha unokujonga ukungaqheleki.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze ajonge iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu zakho, ezinje ngengxaki ye-thyroid. Isifuba X-reyi sinokunika ugqirha wakho ukujonga okungcono kwintliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga ukuze ubone ukuba ngaba akukho sizathu sibonakalayo seempawu zakho.

Unyango

I-AFib iphathwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila, amayeza, iinkqubo, kunye notyando ukunceda ukuthintela amahlwili egazi, ukucothisa ukubetha kwentliziyo, okanye ukubuyisela isingqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo.

Ukuba une-fibrillation ye-atrial, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga nasiphi na isifo esinokubangela kwaye avavanye umngcipheko wokuba namahlwili egazi anobungozi.

Unyango lwe-AFib lunokubandakanya:

• amayeza okulawula isingqisho sentliziyo kunye nenqanaba
• iyeza lokucoca igazi ukuthintela amahlwili egazi ekubeni enze kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokubetha
• utyando
• utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila esempilweni yokulawula umngcipheko

Olunye unyango lunokunceda ukubuyisela ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho. Oku kubandakanya i-beta blocker (i-metoprolol, i-atenolol), i-calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil), kunye ne-digitalis (digoxin).

Ukuba loo mayeza akaphumeleli, amanye amayeza anokunceda ukugcina isigqi sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo. La mayeza afuna ukuthatha inyosi ngononophelo kunye nokubeka iliso:

• amiodarone (Cordarone, iPacerone)
• Ndiphiwe (Tikosyn)
• iflecainide (iTambocor)
• ibutilide (iCorvert)
• ipropafenone (Rythmol)
• I-sotalol (iBetapace, iSorine)
• iDisopyramide (iNorpace)
• ukuthengwa kwempahla (Procan, Procapan, Pronestyl)

Isingqisho sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo sinokuphinda sibuyiselwe kusetyenziswa amandla aphantsi kwenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cardioversion yombane. Ukuba oko akusebenzi, ugqirha wakho unokuzama into ebizwa ngokuba yi-ablation, esebenza ngokuqhekeza okanye ukutshabalalisa izicubu entliziyweni yakho ukuphazamisa iimpawu zombane eziphosakeleyo ezibangela i-arrhythmia.

Ukuchithwa kwe-node ye-atrioventricular lolunye ukhetho. Kule nkqubo, amaza ombane asetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa inxenye yethishu. Ngokwenza njalo, i-atria ayisakwazi ukuthumela iimpembelelo zombane.

I-pacemaker igcina ii-ventricles zibetha ngesiqhelo. Utyando lwe-Maze lukhetho ngokubanzi eligcinelwe abantu esele bafuna uhlobo oluthile lotyando lwentliziyo. Ukusikwa okuncinci kwenziwa kwi-atria ukwenzela ukuba imiqondiso yombane engalawulekiyo ingakwazi ukugqitha.

Njengenxalenye yonyango lwakho, uya kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine ukutya okunesifo sentliziyo. Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kubalulekile empilweni yentliziyo, ke buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungakanani umthambo olungele wena.

Jonga ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze unakekelwe ngokulandela. Kufuneka uphephe nokutshaya.

Uthintelo

Awunakho ukuthintela i-AFib ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukho izinto onokuzenza ukugcina intliziyo yakho isempilweni.

Zama ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi, amanqanaba e-cholesterol, amanqanaba e-triglyceride, kunye nobunzima kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo.

Idatha iphakamisa ukuba batyebe kakhulu kwaye batyebe kakhulu abantu abaneempawu ze-AFib abakhethe ukunciphisa umzimba kunye nolawulo lomngcipheko wobundlongondlongo babelaliswe esibhedlele, bekhutshwa zii-cardioversions, kunye neenkqubo zokupheliswa kunabalingani babo abala ukubhaliswa.

Olunye utshintsho kwindlela onokuyenza lubandakanya:

• ukugcina ukutya okune-cholesterol encinci, amafutha agcweleyo, kunye namafutha athuthwayo
• ukutya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezininzi
• ukwenza imithambo yemihla ngemihla
• ukuyeka ukutshaya
• ukusela utywala ngokumodareyitha
• ukunqanda i-caffeine ukuba ibangela i-AFib yakho
• uthatha onke amayeza akho ngokwelebheli okanye imiyalelo kagqirha wakho
• ukubuza ugqirha ngaphambi kokuba ungeze nawaphi na amayeza e-counter okanye i-supplements kwi-regimen yakho
• ukucwangcisa utyelelo rhoqo nogqirha wakho
• ukuxela iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ezinye iimpawu kugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza
• ukubeka iliso nokunyanga ezinye iimeko zempilo

Iindleko

I-AFib yimeko ebiza kakhulu. Iindleko ezipheleleyo ze-AFib eUnited States zangena malunga ne- $ 26 yezigidigidi zeedola ngonyaka.

Yaphukile, le yayiyi- $ 6 yezigidigidi kukhathalelo olujolise ngqo kunyango lwe-AFib, i-9.9 yezigidigidi zeedola ukunyanga esinye isifo sentliziyo kunye nemingcipheko, kunye ne- $ 10.1 yezigidigidi ukunyanga iingxaki zempilo ezingezozamakhadi.

, izibhedlele ezingaphezu kwama-750,000 zenzeka minyaka le ngenxa ye-AFib. Le meko ikwa negalelo ekuswelekeni kwabantu abamalunga ne-130,000 ngonyaka.

I-CDC inika ingxelo yokuba inqanaba lokufa elivela kwi-AFib njengeyona nto iphambili okanye unobangela wokufa sele ikhulile ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini.

Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwezigulana ze-Medicare phakathi kuka-1998 ukuya ku-2014 lufumanise ukuba abantu abane-fibrillation ye-atrial babesengozini yokulaliswa esibhedlele (iipesenti ezingama-37.5 kuthelekiswa neepesenti ezili-17.5) kwaye banamathuba amaninzi okufa ngexesha lokulaliswa esibhedlele (iipesenti ezi-2.1 kuthelekiswa nepesenti ye-0.1) kunokuba bebefana abantu abangenayo i-AFib.