Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ngamanani: iinyani, amanani, kunye nawe

Umxholo

• Ubuninzi, izehlo, kunye namanqanaba okusweleka: Ke ngoku nangoku
• Inani labantu: Ngubani ofumana i-HIV kwaye uyifumana njani?
• Indawo: Ingxaki enkulu kwihlabathi liphela
• Ukuthintela ukosulelwa yi-HIV
• Ixabiso le-HIV

Ushwankathelo lwe-HIV

Iingxelo zamatyala amahlanu okuqala aziingxaki ze-HIV eLos Angeles ngoJuni 1981. Amadoda asempilweni ngaphambili afumana inyumoniya, kwaye amabini asweleka. Namhlanje, ngaphezulu kwesigidi saseMelika sinentsholongwane.

Ukufunyaniswa ukuba une-HIV kwakukhe kwaba sisigwebo sentambo. Ngoku, oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala one-HIV oqala unyango kwangoko angalindela ukuphila kubo. Esi sifo, esihlasela amajoni omzimba, sinokulawulwa ngamayeza e-antiretroviral anamhlanje.

Ubuninzi, izehlo, kunye namanqanaba okusweleka: Ke ngoku nangoku

Malunga ne-HIV. Malunga nabantu abaneminyaka eli-13 nangaphezulu abane-HIV abazi ukuba banayo.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwafunyaniswa ukuba bane-HIV ngo-2016. Kwakuloo nyaka, abantu abayi-18,160 abaphila ne-HIV baphuhliswa inqanaba 3 le-HIV, okanye i-AIDS. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-HIV.

Ngokutsho kweAmerican Federation of AIDS Research, ngasekupheleni kowe-1992, ama-250 000 abantu baseMerika babe noGawulayo, yaye abangama-200 000 kwaba babeswelekile. Ngo-2004, inani lamatyala kaGawulayo axeliweyo eUnited States avale kwisigidi esinye, kwasweleka abantu abangaphezu kwama-500,000.

Inani labantu: Ngubani ofumana i-HIV kwaye uyifumana njani?

Ngokwamadoda, amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda enza phantse iipesenti ezingama-67 (39,782) zabantu abangama-50 000 abafumana i-HIV eMelika ngo-2016; kwaba, abangama-26,570 bangenwa yile ntsholongwane njengesiphumo.

Nangona kunjalo, nabani na owabelana ngesondo ngaphandle kwekhondom okanye owabelana ngeenaliti angayifumana i-HIV. Phakathi kokufunyaniswa e-United States ngo-2016, amadoda angama-2 049 kunye nabafazi abangama-7 529 bafumana le ntsholongwane. Ngokubanzi, ukuxilongwa okutsha kwehle.

Xa kuziwa, i-17,528 yabo bafunyaniswe e-United States ngo-2016 babemnyama, i-10,345 ibimhlophe, kwaye i-9,766 yayiyiLatino.

Abantu baseMelika baba nezona zinto zichaphazeleka kakhulu kuloo nyaka: i-7,964. Ezona ziphezulu zilandelayo zazineminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-24 (6,776) kunye nama-30 ukuya kuma-34 (5,701).

Indawo: Ingxaki enkulu kwihlabathi liphela

Ngo-2016, amazwe amahlanu kuphela enza phantse isiqingatha sokufumana isifo e-United States. Ezi zintlanu zichaza i-19,994 ye-39,782 yokufumanisa isifo, ngokwe:

• California
• IFlorida
• ETexas
• Inew York
• Jojiya

I-AIDS.gov inika ingxelo yokuba ngabantu abazizigidi ezingama-36.7 abaphila ne-HIV, kwaye abangama-35 ezigidi babhubhile ukusukela ngo-1981. Ukongeza, uninzi lwabantu abane-HIV bahlala kumazwe asakhasayo nasempilweni, njengalawo akwi-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara.

Iingxelo zokuba ukufikelela kukhathalelo kuye kwanda phakathi kuka-2010 no-2012 kwezi ndawo. Okwangoku, abantu abasemngciphekweni kwihlabathi liphela abanakho ukufikelela kunyango okanye kuthintelo. Ngaphaya kwesinye kwisithathu sabantu abazizigidi ezingama-28.6 kumazwe asaphuhlayo kunye naphakathi anengeniso ekufuneka befumene amayeza e-antiretroviral bayayifumana.

Ukuthintela ukosulelwa yi-HIV

Kubalulekile ukuba abantu - ngakumbi abo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV - bavavanywe rhoqo. Ukuqala unyango lwe-HIV kwangoko kubalulekile kwiziphumo ezilungileyo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-44 zabantu abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kuma-64 e-United States baxele ukufumana uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Imfundo ye-HIV inyanzelekile kumazwe angama-34 naseWashington, D.C.

Ukusuka kwimbono yezempilo yoluntu, ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV kubalulekile njengokunyanga abo banayo. Kubekho inkqubela ephawulekayo malunga noku. Umzekelo, unyango lwezi mini lwee-antiretroviral lunokunciphisa amathuba okuba intsholongwane i-HIV isasaze iipesenti ezili-100, ukuba unyango luthathwa ngokungaguqukiyo ukunciphisa intsholongwane iye kwinqanaba elingabonakaliyo egazini.

Kubekho ukwehla okukhulu kwiqondo lokuhambisa e-United States ukusukela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980. Ngelixa amadoda abelana ngesondo namadoda emele kuphela iipesenti ezi-4 zamadoda kweli lizwe, aquka abo basanda kufumana i-HIV.

Ukusetyenziswa kweekhondomu kuhlala kungabizi, kwaye kungabizi mali ininzi kumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwi-HIV. Ipilisi eyaziwa ngokuba yiTruvada, okanye pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), ikwabonelela ngokhuseleko. Umntu ongenayo i-HIV angazikhusela ekufumaneni intsholongwane ngokuthatha le pilisi yosuku ngalunye. Xa ithathiwe ngokufanelekileyo, i-PrEP inokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulela ngaphezulu.

Ixabiso le-HIV

Alukabikho unyango lwe-HIV, kwaye ingathatha umthwalo omkhulu kwezemali kwabo baphila nayo. I-United States kulindeleke ukuba ichithe ngaphezulu kwe- $ 26 yezigidigidi ngonyaka kwiinkqubo ze-HIV, kubandakanya:

• uphando
• izindlu
• unyango
• uthintelo

Kule mali, i-6.6 yezigidigidi zeedola zoncedo phesheya. Le nkcitho imele ngaphantsi kwepesenti enye kuhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomanyano.

Ayisiyiyo kuphela imali yokusindisa ubomi ebiza imali eninzi, kodwa inani elikhulu labantu kumazwe ahlaselwe ngamandla kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo sele beswelekile okanye bengakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa ye-HIV. Oku kuchaphazele ukukhula kwezi ntlanga.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo ichaphazela abantu ebudeni beminyaka yabo yokusebenza. Amazwe aphela enemveliso elahlekileyo kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kubasebenzi. Konke oku kudibanisa nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho lwelizwe.

Ixabiso eliphakathi lokunyanga umntu one-HIV ngexesha lokuphila kwabo ngama-379,668. Iingxelo zokuba ungenelelo ngoncedo lunokubiza indleko ngenxa yeendleko zonyango ezithintelwayo xa i-HIV ingasasazeki ngokubanzi.