I-Rheumatoid Arthritis ngamanani: iinyani, amanani kunye nawe

Umxholo

• Yintoni iRheumatoid arthritis?
• Iimpawu kunye nemingcipheko
• Ubuninzi
• Iingxaki
• Unyango
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
• Iindleko
• Imbonakalo

Yintoni iRheumatoid arthritis?

I-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sisifo esizimela somzimba esihlasela ikakhulu izicwili ze-synovial ngaphakathi kwamalungu. Izifo ezizimela ngokuzenzekelayo zenzeka xa amajoni omzimba esenza iimpazamo kwizicwili zawo kubahlaseli bamanye amazwe, ezinje ngeentsholongwane okanye intsholongwane. Amajoni omzimba adidekile avelisa izilwa-buhlungu ukufuna kunye nokutshabalalisa "abahlaseli" kwi-synovium.

I-RA sisifo esicwangcisiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba sinokuchaphazela umzimba wonke. Inokuhlasela amalungu, anjengentliziyo, imiphunga, okanye ezinye izicubu ezinje ngezihlunu, intlala, kunye nemisipha. I-RA ibangela ukudumba okungapheliyo kunye neentlungu ngamanye amaxesha eziba nzima, kwaye kunokubangela ukukhubazeka okusisigxina.

Iimpawu kunye nemingcipheko

Ekuqaleni kweRA, unokuqaphela ukuba amalungu amancinci afana neminwe kunye neenzwane afudumele, aqinile, okanye adumbile. Ezi mpawu zinokuza zidlule, kwaye unokucinga ukuba ayonto. I-RA flare-ups inokuhlala nje kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba inyamalale kwakhona.

Ekugqibeleni, i-RA iyakuchaphazela amalungu amakhulu, anjengezinqe, amagxa, kunye namadolo, kwaye ixesha lokuxolelwa liya kufutshane. I-RA inokonakalisa amalungu kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu ukuqala. Amashumi amathandathu eepesenti abantu abane-RA engaphathwanga kakuhle abakwazi ukusebenza kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokuqala kwayo.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-RA zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• Umkhuhlane osezantsi
• intlungu kunye nokuqina ixesha elide kunemizuzu engama-30 ekuseni okanye emva kokuhlala
• ianemia
• ukuhla ukusinda
• amaqhuqhuva e-rheumatoid, okanye amaqhuma aqinileyo, phantsi kolusu, ikakhulu ezandleni, engqinibeni, okanye emaqatheni.

I-RA kunokuba nzima ukuyixilonga kuba iintlobo kunye nobukrakra beempawu ziyahluka kuye komnye umntu. Ziyefana neempawu zezinye iintlobo ze-arthritis, ezenza ukuba i-misdiagnosis inokwenzeka.

Unobangela weRA awaziwa, kodwa uninzi lwezinto ezinobungozi zinokuba negalelo, ezinje:

• amafa
• okusingqongileyo
• Indlela yokuphila (umzekelo, ukutshaya)

Ubuninzi

Kuwo onke ama-100,000 abantu, abane-RA minyaka le. Malunga nezigidi ezi-1.3 zaseMelika zineRA.

Abasetyhini malunga namathuba amabini okanye amathathu kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane i-RA kunamadoda. IiHormone kuzo zombini izini zingadlala indima ekuthinteleni okanye ekuzivuseleleni.

I-RA ngokubanzi iqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-60 kwabasetyhini kwaye kamva ebomini ebomini emadodeni. Umngcipheko wobomi bokuba ne-RA. Nangona kunjalo, i-RA inokubetha nakweyiphi na iminyaka-nokuba ngabantwana abancinci banokuyifumana.

Iingxaki

I-RA inyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo okanye ukubetha, kuba inokuhlasela i-pericardium (ulungelelwaniso lwentliziyo), kwaye ibangele ukudumba emzimbeni. Umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo ngama-60 epesenti aphezulu kunyaka omnye emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba une-RA kunaleyo ingenaso isifo.

Abantu abane-RA banokukuphepha ukuzilolonga ngenxa yeentlungu ezidibeneyo, ukubeka emngciphekweni ukuzuza ubunzima kunye nokubeka ubunzima ngakumbi entliziyweni. Abantu abane-RA banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba baphathwe kukudakumba, okunokubangelwa kukuhla kokuhamba kunye nentlungu.

Umonakalo u-RA anokuwenza awuphelelanga kumalungu. Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela kwakho:

• Intliziyo
• imiphunga
• inkqubo yemithambo yegazi
• amehlo
• ulusu
• igazi

Usulelo lunokuba noxanduva kwikota enye yokufa kwabantu abane-RA.

Unyango

Nangona lungekho unyango lwe-RA, zininzi iindlela zokhetho ezahlukeneyo ezinokuphelisa ngempumelelo iimpawu kunye nokuthintela ukonzakala ngokudibeneyo kwexesha elide. Oogqirha banokuyalela amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini, ngenjongo yokufumana uxolelo.

Kukho iiklasi ezine zamachiza ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa unyango lweRA:

• I-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), elona klasi lincinci lamayeza, ngokuyintloko lisebenza ukunciphisa iintlungu ngokunciphisa ukudumba, kodwa musa ukwenza inkqubela phambili yeRA.
• Iicorticosteroids zisebenza ngamandla ukuze zinciphise ngokukhawuleza ukudumba, kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elifutshane.
• Iziyobisi ezichaphazela isifo se-antirheumatic (i-DMARDs), olona nyango luqhelekileyo lwe-RA, lusebenzela ukunciphisa ukuqhubela phambili kwe-RA, kodwa kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu.
• Iinguqulelo zebhayoloji (i-biologic DMARDs), ehlala isetyenziswa ngokudibanisa nee-DMARD, zisebenza ukuguqula amajoni omzimba anengxaki yokuphendula kwii-DMARD.

Indlela yakutshanje yonyango lwe-RA iphakamisa ukusetyenziswa konyango olunoburhalarhume kumanqanaba okuqala okuqala kweRA ukuze kuthintelwe ekuthwesweni isidanga ukuya kwilizwe elibi kakhulu neliza kuhlala ixesha elide.

Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila

Ukuhlala neRA akunakuba kukurhafisa ngokwasemzimbeni kuphela, kodwa kukwahlawulisa nangokweemvakalelo.

Kucetyiswa ukuba abantu abane-RA bafumane ibhalansi phakathi kokuphumla kunye nokuzilolonga ukugcina ukudumba kwabo ngelixa beqhubeka nokugcina amandla kunye nokuguquguquka. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthi ngokubanzi acebise imithambo ethile ngokuqala ngokuzolula, emva koko usebenze ukuya kuqeqesho lokuqina, imithambo ye-aerobic, unyango lwamanzi, kunye ne-tai chi.

Ukuzama ukutshintsha indlela otya ngayo, njengokutya okususiweyo, kunokunceda abantu abane-RA bafumane ukutya okuthile okunokubangela okanye kunciphise iimpawu ze-RA. Kukho ubungqina benzululwazi obudibanisa ukutya kunye nonyango lwe-RA, njengokunciphisa iswekile, ukuphelisa i-gluten, kunye nokwandisa i-omega-3's. Kukwakho amayeza emithi amaninzi asetyenziselwa unyango lwe-RA, nangona uphando lwenzululwazi lwangoku olubonisa ukusebenza kwawo luhlala luyimpikiswano.

Kuba abantu abaninzi abaphila ne-RA bahlala befumana iintlungu ezingapheliyo, kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekufundeni ulawulo loxinzelelo kunye neendlela zokuphumla, ezinje ngokucamngca okukhokelwayo, ingqondo, imithambo yokuphefumla, i-biofeedback, ijenali, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulwa.

Iindleko

I-RA inokwenza imisebenzi elula njengokuvuka ebhedini nokunxiba kusasa kunzima, kungasathethwa ke ngokubamba umsebenzi oqhelekileyo. Abantu abaneRA kunokwenzeka ukuba:

• tshintsha imisebenzi
• ukunciphisa iiyure zomsebenzi
• baphelelwe ngumsebenzi
• uthathe umhlala-phantsi kwangethuba
• ukungakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi (xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangenayo i-RA)

Ukusuka ku-2000 kuqikelelwa ukuba i-RA ixabisa i-5,720 yeedola kumntu ngamnye onesifo minyaka le. Iindleko zonyango zaminyaka le zinokufikelela kunyango ngearhente ye-biologic, nangona kukho iindlela ezininzi.

Ukongeza kwiindleko zemali zesi sifo, ixabiso lomgangatho wobomi liphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezo zingenasifo samathambo, abantu abaneRA kunokwenzeka ukuba:

• Xela impilo efanelekileyo okanye engekho mgangathweni
• ufuna uncedo ngenkathalo yobuqu
• Unomda othintelwayo kwimisebenzi enxulumene nempilo

Imbonakalo

I-RA ayinalo unyango ngeli xesha. Unyango oluninzi olusebenzayo luye lwenziwa kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo, kodwa akukho nanye kwezi "eyanyanga" iRA. Endaweni yoko, bajonge ukuthoba ukudumba kunye nentlungu, ukuthintela ukonzakala ngokudibeneyo, kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili nokonakala kwesi sifo.